1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.205 2011/01/11 06:13:10 djm Exp $ */
3 * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4 * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
6 * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
8 * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9 * can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
10 * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11 * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12 * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
20 #include <sys/param.h>
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
45 #include "pathnames.h"
54 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
57 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key. This value can be set on the command line. */
58 #define DEFAULT_BITS 2048
59 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA 1024
60 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA 256
64 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase. This can be
65 * set on the command line.
67 int change_passphrase = 0;
70 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment. This can be set
71 * on the command line.
73 int change_comment = 0;
77 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
79 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
81 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
83 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
86 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
89 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
90 int print_fingerprint = 0;
91 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
93 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
94 char identity_file[1024];
95 int have_identity = 0;
97 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
98 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
100 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
101 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
103 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
104 char *identity_comment = NULL;
106 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
107 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
109 /* Certificate serial number */
110 long long cert_serial = 0;
112 /* Key type when certifying */
113 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
115 /* "key ID" of signed key */
116 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
118 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
119 char *cert_principals = NULL;
121 /* Validity period for certificates */
122 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
123 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
125 /* Certificate options */
126 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD (1)
127 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD (1<<1)
128 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD (1<<2)
129 #define CERTOPT_PTY (1<<3)
130 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
131 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
132 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
133 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
134 char *certflags_command = NULL;
135 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
137 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
139 int convert_from = 0;
144 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
145 int print_public = 0;
146 int print_generic = 0;
148 char *key_type_name = NULL;
150 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
151 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
154 extern char *__progname;
156 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
159 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
160 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t);
163 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
168 if (key_type_name == NULL)
169 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
171 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
173 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
176 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
178 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
180 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
183 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
187 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
189 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
192 fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
197 snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
198 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
199 if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
201 buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
202 if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
203 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
208 load_identity(char *filename)
213 prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
215 if (identity_passphrase)
216 pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
218 pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
220 prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
221 memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
227 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
228 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
229 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
230 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC 0x3f6ff9eb
233 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
239 if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
240 fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
243 /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
244 snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
245 "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
246 key_size(k), key_type(k),
247 pw->pw_name, hostname);
249 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
250 fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
251 dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
252 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
259 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
261 switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
263 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
264 fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
267 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
268 fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
270 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
272 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
273 fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
277 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
283 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
285 switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
287 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
288 fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
290 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
292 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
293 fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
298 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
304 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
310 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
311 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
312 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
313 if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
314 if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
315 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
319 if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
320 fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
324 switch (convert_format) {
326 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
329 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
332 do_convert_to_pem(k);
335 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
341 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
343 u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
344 u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
346 if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
347 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
348 "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
349 if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
350 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
351 buffer_consume(b, bytes);
355 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
360 u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
361 int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
366 buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
368 magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
369 if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
370 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
374 i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
375 type = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
376 cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
377 i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
378 i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
379 i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
380 debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
381 if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
382 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
390 if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
392 } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
399 key = key_new_private(ktype);
404 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
405 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
406 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
407 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
408 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
411 e = buffer_get_char(&b);
415 e += buffer_get_char(&b);
418 e += buffer_get_char(&b);
421 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
426 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
427 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
428 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
429 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
430 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
431 rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
434 rlen = buffer_len(&b);
436 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
437 "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
441 key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
442 key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
448 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
454 while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
455 if (pos >= len - 1) {
456 fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
462 if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
463 fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
478 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
488 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
489 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
491 while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
492 if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
494 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
495 strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
496 if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
498 if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
501 /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
506 /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
509 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
511 len = strlen(encoded);
512 if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
513 (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
514 (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
515 (encoded[len-3] == '='))
516 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
517 blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
519 fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
523 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
524 key_from_blob(blob, blen);
526 fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
533 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
538 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
539 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
540 if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
541 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
545 switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
547 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
548 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
549 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
552 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
553 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
554 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
556 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
558 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
559 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
560 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
561 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = key_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
565 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
566 EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
568 EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
573 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
581 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
582 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
583 if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
584 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
585 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
590 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
592 if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
593 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
594 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
601 fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
605 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
608 int private = 0, ok = 0;
612 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
613 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
614 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
616 switch (convert_format) {
618 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
621 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
624 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
627 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
631 ok = key_write(k, stdout);
633 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
637 ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
638 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
640 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
642 ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
643 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
647 ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
648 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
651 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
657 fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
665 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
671 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
672 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
673 perror(identity_file);
676 prv = load_identity(identity_file);
678 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
681 if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
682 fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
684 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
689 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
696 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
698 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
699 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
700 key_write(keys[i], stdout);
702 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
708 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
709 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
713 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
717 char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
718 int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
723 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
724 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
727 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
728 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
729 perror(identity_file);
732 public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
733 if (public != NULL) {
734 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
735 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
736 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
738 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
751 if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
752 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
754 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
755 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
756 error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
768 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
769 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
771 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
773 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
774 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
777 for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
778 *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
779 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
780 cp++; /* Skip both */
789 public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
790 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
793 public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
794 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
799 comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
800 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
801 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
802 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
803 comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
804 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
814 printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
821 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
823 if (print_fingerprint) {
828 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
829 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
830 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
831 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
832 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
834 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
839 if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
840 fatal("hash_host failed");
841 fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
842 if (!key_write(public, f))
843 fatal("key_write failed");
849 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
851 FILE *in, *out = stdout;
853 char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
854 char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
855 int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
858 if (!have_identity) {
859 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
860 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
861 sizeof(identity_file))
862 fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
866 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
867 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
870 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
871 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
873 if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
874 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
875 strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
876 strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
877 strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
878 fatal("known_hosts path too long");
880 if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
881 fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
882 if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
885 fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
890 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
891 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
892 error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
904 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
905 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
907 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
909 fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
912 /* Check whether this is a CA key */
913 if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
914 (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
915 cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
917 cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
921 /* Find the end of the host name portion. */
922 for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
925 if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
926 error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
934 pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
935 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
938 pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
939 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
940 error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
948 if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
949 if (find_host || delete_host) {
950 cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
952 error("line %d: invalid hashed "
953 "name: %.64s...", num, line);
957 c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
958 if (find_host && c) {
959 printf("# Host %s found: "
960 "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
962 ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
963 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
965 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
966 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
967 } else if (hash_hosts)
968 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
970 if (find_host || delete_host) {
971 c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
973 if (find_host && c) {
974 printf("# Host %s found: "
975 "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
977 ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
978 printhost(out, name, pub,
979 ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
981 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
982 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
983 } else if (hash_hosts) {
984 for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
985 cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
986 cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
988 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
989 "ignoring CA key for host: "
991 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
992 } else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
994 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
995 "ignoring host name with "
996 "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
998 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1000 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
1010 fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
1013 fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1014 "file because of errors\n");
1024 /* Backup existing file */
1025 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1026 fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1027 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1028 fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1030 /* Move new one into place */
1031 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1032 error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1039 fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1040 fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1042 fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1044 fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1053 * Perform changing a passphrase. The argument is the passwd structure
1054 * for the current user.
1057 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1060 char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1065 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1066 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1067 perror(identity_file);
1070 /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1071 private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1072 if (private == NULL) {
1073 if (identity_passphrase)
1074 old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1077 read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1079 private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1081 memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
1082 xfree(old_passphrase);
1083 if (private == NULL) {
1084 printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1088 printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1090 /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1091 if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1092 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1096 read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1097 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1098 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1101 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1102 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1103 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1104 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1107 printf("Pass phrases do not match. Try again.\n");
1110 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1111 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1115 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1116 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
1117 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1118 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1124 /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1125 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1127 key_free(private); /* Destroys contents */
1130 printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1135 * Print the SSHFP RR.
1138 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1141 char *comment = NULL;
1145 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1146 if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1147 if (errno == ENOENT)
1152 public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1153 if (public != NULL) {
1154 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1162 printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1167 * Change the comment of a private key file.
1170 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1172 char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1180 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1181 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1182 perror(identity_file);
1185 private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1186 if (private == NULL) {
1187 if (identity_passphrase)
1188 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1189 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1190 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1192 passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1194 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1195 private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1196 if (private == NULL) {
1197 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1199 printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1203 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1205 if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1206 fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1210 printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1212 if (identity_comment) {
1213 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1215 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1217 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1218 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1222 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1225 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1226 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
1227 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1228 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1234 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1236 public = key_from_private(private);
1239 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1240 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1242 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1245 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1247 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1250 if (!key_write(public, f))
1251 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1253 fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1258 printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1263 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1265 char from[32], to[32];
1266 static char ret[64];
1271 if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1274 if (valid_from != 0) {
1275 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1276 tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1277 tm = localtime(&tt);
1278 strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1280 if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1281 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1282 tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1283 tm = localtime(&tt);
1284 strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1287 if (valid_from == 0) {
1288 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1291 if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1292 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1296 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1301 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1303 debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1304 buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1305 buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1309 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1313 debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1315 buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1317 buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1318 buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1323 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL 1
1324 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS 2
1326 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1329 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1330 certflags_command != NULL)
1331 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1332 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1333 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1334 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1335 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1336 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1337 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1338 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1339 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1340 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1341 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1342 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1343 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1344 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1345 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1346 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1347 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1348 certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1349 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1353 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1355 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1356 Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1359 if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1360 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1362 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1363 debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1365 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1366 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1367 if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1377 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1378 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1382 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1387 char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1389 int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1391 if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1392 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1393 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1394 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1398 if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1401 } else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1405 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1411 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1412 if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1413 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1414 fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1415 } else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1416 fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1419 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1420 /* Split list of principals */
1422 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1423 otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1425 for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1426 plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1427 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1428 fatal("Empty principal name");
1433 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1434 if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1435 fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1436 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1437 public->type != KEY_ECDSA)
1438 fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1439 __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1441 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1442 if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1443 fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1444 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1445 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1446 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1447 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1448 public->cert->principals = plist;
1449 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1450 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1452 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1453 OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1455 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1457 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
1458 OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1460 public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1462 if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1463 fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1465 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1467 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1470 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1471 fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1473 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1474 fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1475 if (!key_write(public, f))
1476 fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1477 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1481 logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1482 "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1483 out, public->cert->key_id,
1484 (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1485 cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1486 cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1487 fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1498 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1502 mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1504 if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1505 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1506 if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1507 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1508 return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1512 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1519 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1520 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1521 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1523 switch (strlen(s)) {
1526 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1529 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1530 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1531 s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1534 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1537 bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
1538 if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1539 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1540 if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1541 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1542 return (u_int64_t)tt;
1546 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1549 time_t now = time(NULL);
1552 /* +timespec relative to now */
1553 if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1554 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1555 fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1556 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1558 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1559 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1561 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1567 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1568 * to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1570 from = xstrdup(timespec);
1571 to = strchr(from, ':');
1572 if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1573 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1576 if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1577 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1579 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1581 if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1582 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
1584 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1586 if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1587 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1592 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1596 if (strcmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1597 certflags_flags = 0;
1598 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1599 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1600 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1601 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1602 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1603 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1604 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1605 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1606 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1607 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1608 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1609 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1610 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1611 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1612 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1613 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1614 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1615 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1616 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1617 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1618 else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1621 fatal("Empty force-command option");
1622 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1623 fatal("force-command already specified");
1624 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1625 } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1628 fatal("Empty source-address option");
1629 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1630 fatal("source-address already specified");
1631 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1632 fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1633 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1635 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1639 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1641 u_char *name, *data;
1643 Buffer options, option;
1645 buffer_init(&options);
1646 buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1648 buffer_init(&option);
1649 while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1650 name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1651 data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1652 buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1653 printf(" %s", name);
1654 if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1655 (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1656 strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1657 strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1658 strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1659 strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1661 else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1662 (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1663 strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1664 data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
1665 printf(" %s\n", data);
1668 printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1669 buffer_len(&option));
1670 buffer_clear(&option);
1673 if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1674 fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1676 buffer_free(&option);
1677 buffer_free(&options);
1681 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1685 char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1689 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1690 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1691 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1692 if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1693 fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1694 if (!key_is_cert(key))
1695 fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1696 v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1698 key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1699 ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1700 SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1702 printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1703 printf(" Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1704 key_cert_type(key));
1705 printf(" Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1706 printf(" Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1707 key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1708 printf(" Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1710 printf(" Serial: %llu\n",
1711 (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1713 printf(" Valid: %s\n",
1714 fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1715 printf(" Principals: ");
1716 if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1719 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1721 key->cert->principals[i]);
1724 printf(" Critical Options: ");
1725 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
1729 show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1732 printf(" Extensions: ");
1733 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1737 show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1746 fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
1747 fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
1748 fprintf(stderr, " -a trials Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1749 fprintf(stderr, " -B Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
1750 fprintf(stderr, " -b bits Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
1751 fprintf(stderr, " -C comment Provide new comment.\n");
1752 fprintf(stderr, " -c Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
1753 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1754 fprintf(stderr, " -D pkcs11 Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
1756 fprintf(stderr, " -e Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
1757 fprintf(stderr, " -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
1758 fprintf(stderr, " -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
1759 fprintf(stderr, " -G file Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1760 fprintf(stderr, " -g Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
1761 fprintf(stderr, " -H Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
1762 fprintf(stderr, " -h Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
1763 fprintf(stderr, " -I key_id Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
1764 fprintf(stderr, " -i Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
1765 fprintf(stderr, " -L Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
1766 fprintf(stderr, " -l Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
1767 fprintf(stderr, " -M memory Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1768 fprintf(stderr, " -m key_fmt Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
1769 fprintf(stderr, " -N phrase Provide new passphrase.\n");
1770 fprintf(stderr, " -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
1771 fprintf(stderr, " -O option Specify a certificate option.\n");
1772 fprintf(stderr, " -P phrase Provide old passphrase.\n");
1773 fprintf(stderr, " -p Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
1774 fprintf(stderr, " -q Quiet.\n");
1775 fprintf(stderr, " -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
1776 fprintf(stderr, " -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
1777 fprintf(stderr, " -S start Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1778 fprintf(stderr, " -s ca_key Certify keys with CA key.\n");
1779 fprintf(stderr, " -T file Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1780 fprintf(stderr, " -t type Specify type of key to create.\n");
1781 fprintf(stderr, " -V from:to Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
1782 fprintf(stderr, " -v Verbose.\n");
1783 fprintf(stderr, " -W gen Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1784 fprintf(stderr, " -y Read private key file and print public key.\n");
1785 fprintf(stderr, " -z serial Specify a serial number.\n");
1791 * Main program for key management.
1794 main(int argc, char **argv)
1796 char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1797 char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *rr_hostname = NULL;
1798 Key *private, *public;
1803 u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
1804 int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
1805 BIGNUM *start = NULL;
1810 extern char *optarg;
1812 /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
1815 __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
1817 OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
1818 log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1823 /* we need this for the home * directory. */
1824 pw = getpwuid(getuid());
1826 printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
1829 if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
1830 perror("gethostname");
1834 while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "degiqpclBHLhvxXyF:b:f:t:D:I:P:m:N:n:"
1835 "O:C:r:g:R:T:G:M:S:s:a:V:W:z:")) != -1) {
1838 bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
1840 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
1845 rr_hostname = optarg;
1851 cert_key_id = optarg;
1855 rr_hostname = optarg;
1861 print_fingerprint = 1;
1864 print_bubblebabble = 1;
1867 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
1868 strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
1869 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
1872 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
1873 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
1876 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
1877 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
1880 fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
1882 cert_principals = optarg;
1885 change_passphrase = 1;
1891 if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1892 sizeof(identity_file))
1893 fatal("Identity filename too long");
1900 identity_passphrase = optarg;
1903 identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
1906 add_cert_option(optarg);
1909 identity_comment = optarg;
1920 cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
1921 certflags_flags = 0;
1932 key_type_name = "dsa";
1935 ca_key_path = optarg;
1938 key_type_name = optarg;
1941 pkcs11provider = optarg;
1944 if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
1945 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
1947 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
1948 log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
1953 rr_hostname = optarg;
1956 generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
1959 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
1963 trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1965 fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
1969 memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1971 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
1974 do_gen_candidates = 1;
1975 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1977 fatal("Output filename too long");
1980 do_screen_candidates = 1;
1981 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1983 fatal("Output filename too long");
1986 /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
1987 if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
1988 fatal("Invalid start point.");
1991 parse_cert_times(optarg);
1994 cert_serial = strtonum(optarg, 0, LLONG_MAX, &errstr);
1996 fatal("Invalid serial number: %s", errstr);
2005 log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2010 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2012 printf("Too few arguments.\n");
2015 } else if (argc > 0) {
2016 printf("Too many arguments.\n");
2019 if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2020 printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
2023 if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2024 printf("Cannot use -l with -D or -R.\n");
2027 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2028 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2029 fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2030 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2034 if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2035 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2036 if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2038 if (change_passphrase)
2039 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2041 do_change_comment(pw);
2045 do_convert_from(pw);
2047 do_print_public(pw);
2048 if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2051 if (have_identity) {
2052 n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2053 identity_file, rr_hostname);
2055 perror(identity_file);
2061 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2062 _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2063 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2064 _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2067 fatal("no keys found.");
2071 if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2074 if (do_gen_candidates) {
2075 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2078 error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2079 out_file, strerror(errno));
2083 bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2084 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2085 fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2090 if (do_screen_candidates) {
2092 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2094 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2095 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2096 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2097 "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2104 fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2105 out_file, strerror(errno));
2107 if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted) != 0)
2108 fatal("modulus screening failed");
2114 if (key_type_name == NULL)
2115 key_type_name = "rsa";
2117 type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2118 if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
2119 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
2123 if (type == KEY_DSA)
2124 bits = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
2125 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA)
2126 bits = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
2128 bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2130 maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
2131 OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
2132 if (bits > maxbits) {
2133 fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
2136 if (type == KEY_DSA && bits != 1024)
2137 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
2138 else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && bits < 768)
2139 fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
2140 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && key_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(bits) == -1)
2141 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
2142 "256, 384 or 521 bits");
2144 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2145 private = key_generate(type, bits);
2146 if (private == NULL) {
2147 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2150 public = key_from_private(private);
2153 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2155 /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2156 snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2157 pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2158 if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2159 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2160 if (errno != ENOENT) {
2161 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2163 } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2164 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2165 dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2167 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2170 /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2171 if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2173 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2174 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2176 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2178 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2181 /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2182 if (identity_passphrase)
2183 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2184 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2185 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2189 read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2190 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2191 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2193 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2195 * The passphrases do not match. Clear them and
2198 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2199 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2202 printf("Passphrases do not match. Try again.\n");
2203 goto passphrase_again;
2205 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2206 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2210 if (identity_comment) {
2211 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2213 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2214 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2217 /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2218 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
2219 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2220 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2224 /* Clear the passphrase. */
2225 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2228 /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2233 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2235 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2236 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2238 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2241 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2243 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2246 if (!key_write(public, f))
2247 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2248 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2252 char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2253 char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2255 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2257 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2258 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2259 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");