2 .\" Copyright (c) 1997-1999 Erez Zadok
3 .\" Copyright (c) 1989 Jan-Simon Pendry
4 .\" Copyright (c) 1989 Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine
5 .\" Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.
6 .\" All rights reserved.
8 .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
9 .\" Jan-Simon Pendry at Imperial College, London.
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12 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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19 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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21 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
22 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
23 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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27 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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39 .\" %W% (Berkeley) %G%
41 .\" $Id: amd.8,v 1.3 1999/09/30 21:01:29 ezk Exp $
42 .\" $FreeBSD: src/contrib/amd/amd/amd.8,v 1.6.2.9 2001/12/14 15:59:49 ru Exp $
43 .\" $DragonFly: src/contrib/amd/amd/amd.8,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:23:56 dillon Exp $
50 .Nd automatically mount file systems
58 .Op Fl a Ar mount_point
62 .Op Fl k Ar kernel-arch
65 .Op Fl o Ar op_sys_ver
66 .Op Fl t Ar timeout.retransmit
70 .Op Fl x Ar log-option
73 .Op Fl C Ar cluster-name
77 .Op Fl O Ar op_sys_name
86 is a daemon that automatically mounts filesystems whenever a file or directory
87 within that filesystem is accessed. Filesystems are automatically unmounted
88 when they appear to be quiescent.
91 operates by attaching itself as an
93 server to each of the specified
95 Lookups within the specified directories
98 which uses the map defined by
100 to determine how to resolve the lookup. Generally, this will be a host name,
101 some filesystem information and some mount options for the given filesystem.
103 In the first form depicted above,
105 will print a short help string. In the second form, if no options are
110 will read configuration parameters from the file
114 The last form is described below.
117 .It Fl a Ar temporary-directory
118 Specify an alternative location for the real mount points.
124 in seconds, that a looked up name remains
125 cached when not in use. The default is 5 minutes.
127 Specify the local domain name. If this option is not
128 given the domain name is determined from the hostname.
129 .It Fl k Ar kernel-arch
130 Specifies the kernel architecture. This is used solely
131 to set the ${karch} selector.
133 Specify a logfile in which to record mount and unmount events.
138 the log messages will be sent to the system log daemon by
140 The default syslog facility used is LOG_DAEMON.
141 If you wish to change it, append its name to the log file name,
142 delimited by a single colon.
149 will log messages via
151 using the LOG_LOCAL7 facility (if it exists on the system).
154 The name referred to by ${rhost} is normalized relative to the
155 host database before being used. The effect is to translate
156 aliases into ``official'' names.
157 .It Fl o Ar op_sys_ver
158 Override the compiled-in version number of the operating system.
159 Useful when the built in version is not desired for backward
160 compatibility reasons.
161 For example, if the build in version is
163 you can override it to
165 and use older maps that were written with the latter in mind.
169 Outputs the process-id of
171 to standard output where it can be saved into a file.
173 Restart existing mounts.
175 will scan the mount file table to determine which filesystems
176 are currently mounted. Whenever one of these would have
181 .It Fl t Ar timeout.retransmit
182 Specify the NFS timeout
184 in tenths of a second, between
186 retries (for UDP only). The default
187 is 0.8 seconds. The second value alters the restransmit counter, which
188 defaults to 11 retransmissions. Both of these values are used by the kernel
189 to communicate with amd. Useful defaults are supplied if either or both
192 Amd relies on the kernel RPC retransmit mechanism to trigger mount retries.
193 The values of these parameters change the overall retry interval. Too long
194 an interval gives poor interactive response; too short an interval causes
197 Version. Displays version and configuration information on standard error.
201 in seconds, between attempts to dismount filesystems that have exceeded their
202 cached times. The default is 2 minutes.
204 Specify run-time logging options. The options are a comma separated list
205 chosen from: fatal, error, user, warn, info, map, stats, all.
207 Specify an alternative
209 domain from which to fetch the
212 The default is the system domain name.
213 This option is ignored if
215 support is not available.
216 .It Fl C Ar cluster-name
217 Specify an alternative HP-UX cluster name to use.
219 Select from a variety of debug options. Prefixing an
220 option with the string
222 reverses the effect of that option. Options are cumulative.
223 The most useful option is
228 is only used for debugging other options are not documented here:
229 the current supported set of options is listed by the
232 and a fuller description is available in the program source.
233 .It Fl F Ar conf_file
236 configuration file to use. See
238 for description of this file's format. This configuration file is used to
239 specify any options in lieu of typing many of them on the command line. The
241 file includes directives for every command line option amd has,
242 and many more that are only available via the configuration file
243 facility. The configuration file specified by this option is
244 processed after all other options have been processed, regardless
245 of the actual location of this option on the command line.
247 Print help and usage string.
248 .It Fl O Ar op_sys_name
249 Override the compiled-in name of the operating system.
250 Useful when the built in name is not desired for backward
251 compatibility reasons.
252 For example, if the build in name is
254 you can override it to
256 and use older maps which were written with the latter in mind.
258 Do not lock the running executable pages of
260 into memory. To improve
262 performance, systems that support the
266 process into memory. This way there is less chance the operating system will
267 schedule, page out, and swap the
269 process as needed. This tends to improve
271 performance, at the cost of reserving the memory used by the
274 (making it unavailable for other processes).
275 If this behavior is not desired, use the
279 Specify a tag to use with
281 All Map entries tagged with tag will be processed.
282 Map entries that are not tagged are always processed.
283 Map entries that are tagged with a tag other than
285 will not be processed.
290 directory under which filesystems are dynamically mounted
292 default configuration file
295 Some care may be required when creating a mount map.
299 filesystem can be incredibly inefficient.
300 In most implementations of
302 their interpolations are not cached by
303 the kernel and each time a symbolic link is
306 translation it costs an
311 A large improvement in real-time
312 performance could be gained by adding a cache somewhere.
315 with a suitable incarnation of the auto-mounter
316 results in a large real-time speedup, but also causes a large
317 number of process context switches.
319 A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all
331 .%T Amd \- The 4.4 BSD Automounter
334 .Pa http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~ezk/am-utils/
336 .An Jan-Simon Pendry Aq jsp@doc.ic.ac.uk ,
337 Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK.
339 .An Erez Zadok Aq ezk@cs.columbia.edu ,
340 Department of Computer Science, Columbia University,
343 Other authors and contributors to am-utils are listed in the
345 file distributed with am-utils.
349 utility first appeared in