1 .\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
13 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
14 .\" without specific prior written permission.
16 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
29 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/systat/systat.1,v 1.23.2.9 2002/12/29 16:35:40 schweikh Exp $
30 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/systat/systat.1,v 1.8 2008/09/02 11:50:46 matthias Exp $
37 .Nd display system statistics on a crt
41 .Op Ar refresh-interval
45 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
46 using the curses screen display library,
51 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
52 is the vmstat and pvmmeter displays which uses the entire screen).
53 The upper window depicts the current system load average.
54 The information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
56 The last line on the screen is reserved for user input and error messages.
60 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
62 Other displays show swap space usage, disk
66 virtual memory statistics (a la
68 network ``mbuf'' utilization,
71 and network connections (a la
74 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
75 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
76 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
77 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
78 This allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
81 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
106 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
110 .It Ar refresh-interval
113 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
116 Certain characters cause immediate action by
123 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
124 the lower window and the refresh interval.
126 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
127 line typed as a command.
128 While entering a command the current character erase, word erase,
129 and line kill characters may be used.
132 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global'' command interpreter.
135 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
137 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes on the command line.
139 Stop refreshing the screen.
140 .It Oo Ic start Oc Op Ar number
141 Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
142 If a second, numeric, argument is provided it is interpreted as a
143 refresh interval (in seconds).
144 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this value.
148 (This may be abbreviated to
152 The available displays are:
155 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
156 memory and getting the
157 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
158 When less than 100% of the
159 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
160 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
162 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
163 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
165 The left half of the screen displays information about received packets,
166 and the right half displays information regarding transmitted packets.
170 display understands two commands:
176 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
178 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
180 Show the rate of change of each value in packets per second (the default).
182 Show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval.
184 Show the total change of each value since the display was last reset.
186 Show the absolute value of each statistic.
191 command resets the baseline for
196 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command line.
198 This display is like the
200 display, but displays statistics for
203 Otherwise identical to the
205 display, except that it displays
214 except that it displays
224 Display, in the lower window, statistics about network throughput on
225 a per-interface basis.
227 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
229 Statistics on processor use appear as
230 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (`user'),
231 in user mode running low priority processes (`nice'), in
232 system mode (`system'), in interrupt mode (`interrupt'),
234 Statistics on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
235 average number of disk transactions per second, and
236 average kilobytes of data per transaction.
237 This information may be
238 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
239 Bar graphs are shown by default.
241 The following commands are specific to the
243 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
245 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
249 statistics in numeric form.
250 Values are displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
254 statistics in bar graph form (default).
256 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
257 (the default is to not display kilobytes per transaction).
260 Display, in the lower window,
261 the current values of available hardware sensors,
262 in a format similar to that of
265 The following commands are specific to the
267 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
269 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
270 .It Ic type Op Ar type ...
271 Display only the sensors which match the specified
273 Multiple types may be specified,
275 If no types are specified,
276 all available sensors will be displayed.
297 .It Ic match Op Ar device ...
298 Display only the sensors match the specified
300 Multiple devices may be specified,
302 If no devices are specified,
303 all available sensors will be displayed.
304 A device type could be specified by using
307 in the place of the device unit.
313 Show information about swap space usage on all the
314 swap areas compiled into the kernel.
315 The first column is the device name of the partition.
316 The next column is the total space available in the partition.
317 The ``Used'' column indicates the total blocks used so far;
318 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
319 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
320 a total line is also shown.
321 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
323 Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
324 for particular uses, i.e.\& data, socket structures, etc.
326 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
327 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
328 device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk
332 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
333 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
334 and fifteen minute intervals.
336 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
337 The first row (`Act') reports memory usage only among active processes,
338 that is processes that have run in the previous twenty seconds.
339 The second row (`All') reports on memory usage of all processes.
340 Two groups of columns are shown, `REAL' and `VIRTUAL'.
341 The first column (`Tot') reports on the number of
342 physical pages claimed by processes.
343 The second column (`Share') reports the number of
344 physical pages that are devoted to read only text pages.
345 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
346 virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
347 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
348 Finally the last column (`Free') shows the number of
349 physical pages on the free list.
351 Below the memory display is a list of the
352 average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
353 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
354 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
355 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
356 The row also shows the average number of context switches (`Csw'),
357 traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'),
358 network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page faults (`Flt').
360 Below the process queue length listing is a listing of
362 usage, a numerical listing and a bar graph showing the amount of
363 system (`='), interrupt (`+'), user (`>'), nice (`-'), and idle time (` ').
367 usage display are statistics on name translations.
368 It lists the number of path names translated
369 in the previous interval (`Path-lookups'),
370 the number and percentage of the path lookups that were
371 handled by the name translation cache, and
372 the average number of path components in path lookups (`Components').
374 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
375 It reports the number of
376 kilobytes per transaction (`KB/t'),
377 read transactions per second (`tpr/s'),
378 megabytes per second in read transaction (`MBr/s'),
379 write transactions per second (`tpw/s'),
380 megabytes per second in write transaction (`MBw/s') and
381 the percentage of the time the disk was busy (`% busy') averaged
382 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
383 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
384 In general, up to seven devices are displayed.
385 The devices displayed by default are the
386 first devices in the kernel's device list.
391 for details on the devstat system.
393 If at most 4 disk devices are shown,
394 extended virtual memory statistics are shown right to disk usage:
395 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
396 pages optimized zero filled on demand (`ozfod'),
397 slow (i.e.\& non-optimized) zero fills percentage (`%sloz'),
398 total pages freed (`tfree').
400 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
401 on paging and swapping activity.
402 The first two columns (`VN PAGER') report the average number of pages
403 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
404 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
405 The third and fourth columns (`SWAP PAGER') report the average number of pages
406 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
407 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
408 The first row (`count') of the display shows the average
409 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
410 the second row (`pages') of the display shows the average
411 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
413 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
414 memory system which list the average number of
415 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod')
416 (shown with extended virtual memory statistics if screen space permits),
417 pages copied on write (`cow'),
418 pages wired down (`wire'),
419 active pages (`act'),
420 inactive pages (`inact'),
421 pages on the buffer cache queue (`cache'),
422 number of free pages (`free'),
423 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
424 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
425 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
426 times the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
427 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
429 intransit blocking page faults (`intrn')
430 per second over the refresh interval.
432 At the bottom of this column are lines showing the
433 amount of memory, in kilobytes, used for the buffer cache (`buf'),
434 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dirtybuf'),
435 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desiredvnodes')
436 (mostly unused, except to size the name cache),
437 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvnodes'),
439 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`freevnodes').
441 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
442 of the interrupts being handled by the system (`Interrupts').
443 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
444 over the time interval (`total').
445 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device by device basis.
446 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
448 The following commands are specific to the
450 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
452 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
454 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
456 Display statistics as a running total from the point this command is given.
458 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
460 Toggle the display of fd devices in the disk usage display.
462 Reset running statistics to zero.
467 statistics, including
469 timer interrupts (`timer'),
471 (Inter-Processor Interrupts) (`ipi'),
472 external interrupts (i.e.\& not timer or ipi) (`extint'), and
474 time breakdown (`user%', `nice%', `sys%', `intr%', and `idle%').
476 Display, in the lower window, network connections.
477 By default, network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
478 Each address is displayed in the format ``host.port'',
479 with each shown symbolically, when possible.
480 It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
481 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
482 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
484 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
486 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
487 is the equivalent of the
492 Display network addresses numerically.
494 Display network addresses symbolically.
495 .It Ic proto Ar protocol
496 Display only network connections using the indicated
498 Supported protocols are
503 .It Ic ignore Op Ar items
504 Do not display information about connections associated with
505 the specified hosts or ports.
506 Hosts and ports may be specified
507 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
508 Host addresses use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
510 may be specified with a single command by separating them with spaces.
511 .It Ic display Op Ar items
512 Display information about the connections associated with the
513 specified hosts or ports.
517 may be names or numbers.
518 .It Ic show Op Cm ports | hosts
519 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols, hosts, and ports.
520 Hosts and ports which are being ignored are prefixed with a `!'.
525 is supplied as an argument to
527 then only the requested information will be displayed.
529 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
530 (any protocol, port, or host).
533 Display aggregate and per-connection tcp receive and transmit rates.
534 Only active tcp connections originated or terminated by the host
537 Display packet filter (pf) state information for states which are
538 actively passing data. This requires pf to be active to be meaningful
539 but is capable of displaying connection state for all packet traffic
540 passing through the machine, even for connections that do not originate
541 or terminate on the machine.
543 You need a wide ~100 column window to display pftop reasonably well.
544 IPV6 addresses are truncated (just the first two and last two words
545 are displayed) for brevity. Generally speaking 'rcv' is data received
546 by the first IP and 'snd' is data sent to the second IP. 'ttl' is
547 the sum total data sent plus received tracked by the state.
549 The display is sorted by average rx+tx bandwidth calculated on a 1/8 decay
550 curve to prevent fields from jumping around too much. Units for all rows
551 are selected based on the largest bandwidth measurement for uniformity.
552 Note that two states will be present for any connection operating over NAT.
554 Display packet filter altq statistics.
555 The ALTQ operates in conjunction with the packet filter (pf) on the
556 interface's transmit path.
557 Packet rate, data rate in bytes per interval, drop rate, and queue
558 length is displayed in three separate sections in a convenient
559 INTERFACE-by-ALTQLABEL matrix.
562 and queue length are combined in the third section.
563 If packet drops are present, drops
564 will be displayed, otherwise the packet queue length with a 'Q' suffix
568 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
569 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
570 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
571 insufficient for display.
572 For example, on a machine with 10 drives the
574 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
575 When a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
576 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
578 The following commands are common to each display which shows
579 information about disk drives.
580 These commands are used to
581 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
582 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the screen.
584 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
585 .It Ic ignore Op Ar drives
586 Do not display information about the drives indicated.
587 Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
588 .It Ic display Op Ar drives
589 Display information about the drives indicated.
590 Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
591 .It Ic only Op Ar drives
592 Display only the specified drives.
593 Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
595 Display a list of available devices.
596 .It Ic match Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass Op | Ar ...
597 Display devices matching the given pattern.
598 The basic matching expressions are the same as those used in
601 Instead of specifying multiple
603 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
604 matching expressions joined by the pipe
607 The comma separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed
608 together, and then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
609 Any device matching the combined expression will be displayed,
610 if there is room to display it.
613 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
615 This will display all
617 Direct Access devices and all
621 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
623 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
624 and all passthrough devices that provide access to
629 .Bl -tag -width /etc/networks -compact
633 For information in main memory.
665 the notion of having different display modes for the
671 statistics was stolen from the
679 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
682 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
683 a separate display rather than created as a new program).