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36 .\" @(#)scanf.3 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
37 .\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/stdio/scanf.3,v 1.7.2.6 2002/04/12 16:34:38 trhodes Exp $
38 .\" $DragonFly: src/lib/libc/stdio/scanf.3,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:26:46 dillon Exp $
50 .Nd input format conversion
56 .Fn scanf "const char *format" ...
58 .Fn fscanf "FILE *stream" "const char *format" ...
60 .Fn sscanf "const char *str" "const char *format" ...
63 .Fn vscanf "const char *format" "va_list ap"
65 .Fn vsscanf "const char *str" "const char *format" "va_list ap"
67 .Fn vfscanf "FILE *stream" "const char *format" "va_list ap"
71 family of functions scans input according to a
74 This format may contain
75 .Em conversion specifiers ;
76 the results from such conversions, if any,
77 are stored through the
83 reads input from the standard input stream
86 reads input from the stream pointer
90 reads its input from the character string pointed to by
97 and reads input from the stream pointer
99 using a variable argument list of pointers (see
103 function scans a variable argument list from the standard input and
106 function scans it from a string;
107 these are analogous to
112 functions respectively.
115 argument must correspond properly with
116 each successive conversion specifier
120 All conversions are introduced by the
122 (percent sign) character.
126 may also contain other characters.
127 White space (such as blanks, tabs, or newlines) in the
129 string match any amount of white space, including none, in the input.
133 when an input character does not match such a format character.
135 when an input conversion cannot be made (see below).
139 character introducing a conversion
140 there may be a number of
142 characters, as follows:
143 .Bl -tag -width indent
145 Suppresses assignment.
146 The conversion that follows occurs as usual, but no pointer is used;
147 the result of the conversion is simply discarded.
149 Indicates that the conversion will be one of
153 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
158 Indicates either that the conversion will be one of
162 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
166 or that the conversion will be one of
168 and the next pointer is a pointer to
173 Indicates that the conversion will be
175 and the next pointer is a pointer to
177 (This type is not implemented; the
179 flag is currently ignored.)
181 Indicates either that the conversion will be one of
185 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
191 In addition to these flags,
192 there may be an optional maximum field width,
193 expressed as a decimal integer,
197 If no width is given,
198 a default of `infinity' is used (with one exception, below);
199 otherwise at most this many characters are scanned
200 in processing the conversion.
201 Before conversion begins,
202 most conversions skip white space;
203 this white space is not counted against the field width.
205 The following conversions are available:
208 Matches a literal `%'.
209 That is, `%\&%' in the format string
210 matches a single input `%' character.
211 No conversion is done, and assignment does not occur.
213 Matches an optionally signed decimal integer;
214 the next pointer must be a pointer to
219 this exists only for backwards compatibility.
221 Matches an optionally signed integer;
222 the next pointer must be a pointer to
224 The integer is read in base 16 if it begins
229 in base 8 if it begins with
231 and in base 10 otherwise.
232 Only characters that correspond to the base are used.
234 Matches an octal integer;
235 the next pointer must be a pointer to
240 this exists for backwards compatibility.
242 Matches an optionally signed decimal integer;
243 the next pointer must be a pointer to
246 Matches an optionally signed hexadecimal integer;
247 the next pointer must be a pointer to
254 but is backwards compatible with previous
258 Matches an optionally signed floating-point number;
259 the next pointer must be a pointer to
272 but is backwards compatible with previous
278 this exists only for backwards compatibility.
280 Matches a sequence of non-white-space characters;
281 the next pointer must be a pointer to
283 and the array must be large enough to accept all the sequence and the
287 The input string stops at white space
288 or at the maximum field width, whichever occurs first.
290 Matches a sequence of
293 characters (default 1);
294 the next pointer must be a pointer to
296 and there must be enough room for all the characters
300 The usual skip of leading white space is suppressed.
301 To skip white space first, use an explicit space in the format.
303 Matches a nonempty sequence of characters from the specified set
304 of accepted characters;
305 the next pointer must be a pointer to
307 and there must be enough room for all the characters in the string,
311 The usual skip of leading white space is suppressed.
312 The string is to be made up of characters in
315 the set is defined by the characters between the open bracket
324 if the first character after the open bracket is a circumflex
326 To include a close bracket in the set,
327 make it the first character after the open bracket
329 any other position will end the set.
333 when placed between two other characters,
334 it adds all intervening characters to the set.
336 make it the last character before the final close bracket.
339 means the set `everything except close bracket, zero through nine,
341 The string ends with the appearance of a character not in the
342 (or, with a circumflex, in) set
343 or when the field width runs out.
345 Matches a pointer value (as printed by
349 the next pointer must be a pointer to
353 instead, the number of characters consumed thus far from the input
354 is stored through the next pointer,
355 which must be a pointer to
359 a conversion, although it can be suppressed with the
364 For backwards compatibility,
365 other conversion characters (except
367 are taken as if they were
371 and a `conversion' of
373 causes an immediate return of
379 conversions will be changed in the future
383 after which they will act like
392 the number of input items assigned, which can be fewer than provided
393 for, or even zero, in the event of a matching failure.
395 indicates that, while there was input available,
396 no conversions were assigned;
397 typically this is due to an invalid input character,
398 such as an alphabetic character for a
403 is returned if an input failure occurs before any conversion such as an
405 If an error or end-of-file occurs after conversion
407 the number of conversions which were successfully completed is returned.
423 The current situation with
427 conversions is unfortunate.
429 All of the backwards compatibility formats will be removed in the future.
431 Numerical strings are truncated to 512 characters; for example,