2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
34 * @(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
35 * $FreeBSD: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.27.2.3 2001/08/01 01:37:35 obrien Exp $
36 * $DragonFly: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.9 2008/01/28 16:08:02 matthias Exp $
39 #include <sys/param.h>
42 #include <sys/device.h>
43 #include <sys/filio.h>
59 static void dd_close (void);
60 static void dd_in (void);
61 int main (int, char *[]);
62 static void getfdtype (IO *);
63 static void setup (void);
65 IO in, out; /* input/output state */
66 STAT st; /* statistics */
67 void (*cfunc) (void); /* conversion function */
68 quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */
69 off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */
70 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */
71 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */
72 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */
73 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */
76 main(int argc __unused, char **argv)
78 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
82 signal(SIGINFO, summaryx);
83 signal(SIGINT, terminate);
100 if (in.name == NULL) {
102 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
104 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
106 err(1, "%s", in.name);
111 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
112 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
114 if (out.name == NULL) {
115 /* No way to check for read access here. */
116 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
120 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
121 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
123 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
124 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
128 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
132 err(1, "%s", out.name);
138 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
139 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
141 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
142 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
143 err(1, "input buffer");
145 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
146 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
147 err(1, "output buffer");
151 /* Position the input/output streams. */
158 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
159 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
161 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
163 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
164 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
167 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a
168 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the
171 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE)) {
172 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC)) {
173 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
174 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
175 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]);
177 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
178 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]);
181 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
182 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
183 casetab[cnt] = tolower((int)cnt);
185 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
186 casetab[cnt] = toupper((int)cnt);
192 gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
193 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
202 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
203 err(1, "%s", io->name);
204 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
205 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
206 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
207 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
208 err(1, "%s", io->name);
212 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM))
214 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
220 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
233 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
238 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (u_quad_t)cpy_cnt)
244 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
247 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
248 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
249 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
251 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
254 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
263 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
264 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
266 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
267 err(1, "%s", in.name);
272 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
273 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
274 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
275 * in sector size chunks.
277 if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
278 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
281 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
282 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
285 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
286 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
289 /* Handle full input blocks. */
290 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
291 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
294 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
296 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
297 if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
298 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
300 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
305 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
306 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
307 * is output without buffering as it is read.
309 if (ddflags & C_BS) {
310 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
316 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
317 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
321 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
330 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
338 else if (cfunc == block)
340 else if (cfunc == unblock)
342 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
343 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
344 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
346 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
347 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
349 if (out.dbcnt || pending)
363 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
364 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
365 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
366 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
368 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
369 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
370 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
371 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
372 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
375 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
376 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
379 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
380 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
382 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
383 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
384 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
390 if (sparse && !force) {
397 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
399 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
402 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
406 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
413 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
415 err(1, "%s", out.name);
420 if ((size_t)nw == n) {
428 if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
430 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
431 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
433 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
435 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
439 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
443 /* Reassemble the output block. */
445 memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
446 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;