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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.11 2007/05/19 17:32:13 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd layout of filesystems
43 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
44 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa /modules/"
46 root directory of the filesystem
48 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
50 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
52 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa defaults/" -compact
54 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
58 block and character device files
60 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa MAKEDEV" -compact
62 script for creating device files;
66 file descriptor files;
71 system configuration files and scripts
73 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa defaults/" -compact
75 default system configuration files;
79 isdn4bsd configuration files;
83 local timezone information;
87 Sendmail control files
89 mtree configuration files;
93 named configuration files;
97 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
102 ppp configuration files;
106 OpenSSL configuration files
108 uucp configuration files;
113 HOME directories of non-root users
115 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
118 empty directory commonly used by
119 system administrators as a temporary mount point
121 loadable kernel modules;
130 root's HOME directory
132 system programs and administration utilities
133 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
135 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
138 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
140 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
142 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa libdata/" -compact
144 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
146 useful and semi-frivolous programs
148 standard C include files
150 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa libmilter/" -compact
152 C include files for Internet service protocols
156 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
158 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa scsi/" -compact
160 The SCSI device on top of CAM
164 C include files for programming various
168 Include Files for various emulation layers
171 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa smbfs/" -compact
177 ISC utility library libisc include files
180 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa cd9660/" -compact
186 C include files for libmilter,
187 the sendmail mail filter API
189 machine-specific C include files
193 misc network C include files
201 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
205 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
209 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
211 kernel key-management service
221 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
223 Objective C include files
225 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
229 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
231 get a line from a user, with editing;
235 remote procedure calls;
239 definition of RPC service structures; see
245 system C include files (kernel data structures)
247 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
249 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa ffs/" -compact
269 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa compat/" -compact
271 a.out archive libraries
273 shared libraries for compatibility
275 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa aout/" -compact
277 a.out backward compatibility libraries
282 misc. utility data files
284 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa stallion/" -compact
286 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
290 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa fonts/" -compact
296 various prebuilt lint libraries;
300 Character set conversion tables
302 holds the download firmware images
306 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
308 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa binutils215/" -compact
310 utilities and filters for LP print system;
315 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa ldscripts/" -compact
329 restricted shell for sendmail;
339 local executables, libraries, etc.
342 the general layout sketched out by
346 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under
351 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
357 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
361 default destination directory for the
366 the general layout sketched out by
370 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under
375 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
383 collection (optional).
385 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
387 architecture-independent files
389 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa groff_font/" -compact
391 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
399 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa papers/" -compact
401 words from Webster's 2nd International
411 miscellaneous documentation;
413 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa handbook/" -compact
415 A copy of the handbook
419 various examples for users and programmers
421 ASCII text files used by various games
423 device description file for device name
425 GNU Info hypertext system
429 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
437 macros for use with the me macro package;
441 misc system-wide ASCII text files
443 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa termcap" -compact
445 terminal characteristics database;
455 national language support files;
459 sendmail configuration files;
463 example . (dot) files for new accounts
468 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
476 console keyboard maps;
486 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
491 text processing macros;
497 localization support and utilities for
500 timezone configuration information;
507 third-party, and/or local source files
509 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa kerberos5/" -compact
511 source code for files in
514 source code for contributed software
516 source code for contributed cryptography software
518 source code for files in
521 source code for files in
524 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
526 source code for files in
529 source code for kerberos version 5
531 source code for files in
534 source code for files in
537 files required to produce a
541 source code for files in
544 build directory for files in
552 tools used for maintenance and testing of
555 source code for files in
558 source code for files in
563 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
565 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa preserve/" -compact
567 system accounting files
569 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa acct" -compact
571 execution accounting file;
577 timed command scheduling files;
581 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa spool/" -compact
583 directory containing job files
585 directory containing output spool files
591 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
600 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa tabs/" -compact
608 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
610 empty directory used by
612 for privilege separation
614 misc. game status and score files
616 kerberos server databases; see
619 misc. system log files
621 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa wtmp" -compact
631 system messages database;
635 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
640 filesystem quota information files
642 system information files describing various info about
643 system since it was booted
645 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa ppp/" -compact
649 group for command connection sockets; see
652 database of current users;
665 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
667 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
669 undelivered submission mail queue;
675 the anonymous ftp root directory
677 undelivered mail queue;
681 line printer spooling directories
687 public uucp temporary directory
691 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
693 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa vi.recover/" -compact
695 the directory where recovery files are stored
703 This manual page documents the default
705 filesystem layout, but
706 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
707 administrator's discretion.
708 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
723 manual page appeared in