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32 .\" @(#)sysctl.3 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/9/95
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/gen/sysctl.3,v 1.33.2.13 2002/04/07 04:57:14 dd Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/lib/libcr/gen/Attic/sysctl.3,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:26:42 dillon Exp $
43 .Nd get or set system information
50 .Fn sysctl "int *name" "u_int namelen" "void *oldp" "size_t *oldlenp" "void *newp" "size_t newlen"
52 .Fn sysctlbyname "const char *name" "void *oldp" "size_t *oldlenp" "void *newp" "size_t newlen"
54 .Fn sysctlnametomib "const char *name" "int *mibp" "size_t *sizep"
58 function retrieves system information and allows processes with
59 appropriate privileges to set system information.
60 The information available from
62 consists of integers, strings, and tables.
63 Information may be retrieved and set from the command interface
68 Unless explicitly noted below,
70 returns a consistent snapshot of the data requested.
71 Consistency is obtained by locking the destination
72 buffer into memory so that the data may be copied out without blocking.
75 are serialized to avoid deadlock.
77 The state is described using a ``Management Information Base'' (MIB)
82 length array of integers.
86 function accepts an ASCII representation of the name and internally
87 looks up the integer name vector. Apart from that, it behaves the same
92 The information is copied into the buffer specified by
94 The size of the buffer is given by the location specified by
97 and that location gives the amount of data copied after a successful call
98 and after a call that returns with the error code
100 If the amount of data available is greater
101 than the size of the buffer supplied,
102 the call supplies as much data as fits in the buffer provided
103 and returns with the error code
105 If the old value is not desired,
109 should be set to NULL.
111 The size of the available data can be determined by calling
113 with a NULL parameter for
115 The size of the available data will be returned in the location pointed to by
117 For some operations, the amount of space may change often.
118 For these operations,
119 the system attempts to round up so that the returned size is
120 large enough for a call to return the data shortly thereafter.
124 is set to point to a buffer of length
126 from which the requested value is to be taken.
127 If a new value is not to be set,
129 should be set to NULL and
135 function accepts an ASCII representation of the name,
136 looks up the integer name vector,
137 and returns the numeric representation in the mib array pointed to by
139 The number of elements in the mib array is given by the location specified by
142 and that location gives the number of entries copied after a successful call.
147 may be used in subsequent
149 calls to get the data associated with the requested ASCII name.
150 This interface is intended for use by applications that want to
151 repeatedly request the same variable (the
153 function runs in about a third the time as the same request made via the
158 function is also useful for fetching mib prefixes and then adding
160 For example, to fetch process information
161 for processes with pid's less than 100:
163 .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
166 struct kinfo_proc kp;
168 /* Fill out the first three components of the mib */
170 sysctlnametomib("kern.proc.pid", mib, &len);
172 /* Fetch and print entries for pid's < 100 */
173 for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
176 if (sysctl(mib, 4, &kp, &len, NULL, 0) == -1)
183 The top level names are defined with a CTL_ prefix in
184 .Aq Pa sys/sysctl.h ,
186 The next and subsequent levels down are found in the include files
187 listed here, and described in separate sections below.
189 .Bl -column CTLXMACHDEPXXX "Next level namesXXXXXX" -offset indent
190 .It Sy "Name Next level names Description"
191 .It "CTL\_DEBUG sys/sysctl.h Debugging"
192 .It "CTL\_VFS sys/mount.h Filesystem"
193 .It "CTL\_HW sys/sysctl.h Generic CPU, I/O"
194 .It "CTL\_KERN sys/sysctl.h High kernel limits"
195 .It "CTL\_MACHDEP sys/sysctl.h Machine dependent"
196 .It "CTL\_NET sys/socket.h Networking"
197 .It "CTL\_USER sys/sysctl.h User-level"
198 .It "CTL\_VM vm/vm_param.h Virtual memory"
201 For example, the following retrieves the maximum number of processes allowed
204 .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
209 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPROC;
210 len = sizeof(maxproc);
211 sysctl(mib, 2, &maxproc, &len, NULL, 0);
214 To retrieve the standard search path for the system utilities:
216 .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
222 mib[1] = USER_CS_PATH;
223 sysctl(mib, 2, NULL, &len, NULL, 0);
225 sysctl(mib, 2, p, &len, NULL, 0);
228 The debugging variables vary from system to system.
229 A debugging variable may be added or deleted without need to recompile
234 gets the list of debugging variables from the kernel and
235 displays their current values.
236 The system defines twenty
237 .Ns ( Va struct ctldebug )
242 They are declared as separate variables so that they can be
243 individually initialized at the location of their associated variable.
244 The loader prevents multiple use of the same variable by issuing errors
245 if a variable is initialized in more than one place.
246 For example, to export the variable
248 as a debugging variable, the following declaration would be used:
249 .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
250 int dospecialcheck = 1;
251 struct ctldebug debug5 = { "dospecialcheck", &dospecialcheck };
254 A distinguished second level name, VFS_GENERIC,
255 is used to get general information about all filesystems.
256 One of its third level identifiers is VFS_MAXTYPENUM
257 that gives the highest valid filesystem type number.
258 Its other third level identifier is VFS_CONF that
259 returns configuration information about the filesystem
260 type given as a fourth level identifier (see
262 as an example of its use).
263 The remaining second level identifiers are the
264 filesystem type number returned by a
266 call or from VFS_CONF.
267 The third level identifiers available for each filesystem
268 are given in the header file that defines the mount
269 argument structure for that filesystem.
271 The string and integer information available for the CTL_HW level
273 The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
274 privilege may change the value.
275 .Bl -column "Second level nameXXXXXX" integerXXX -offset indent
276 .It Sy "Second level name Type Changeable"
277 .It "HW\_MACHINE string no"
278 .It "HW\_MODEL string no"
279 .It "HW\_NCPU integer no"
280 .It "HW\_BYTEORDER integer no"
281 .It "HW\_PHYSMEM integer no"
282 .It "HW\_USERMEM integer no"
283 .It "HW\_PAGESIZE integer no"
284 .It "HW\_FLOATINGPOINT integer no"
285 .It "HW\_MACHINE\_ARCH string no"
286 .\".It "HW\_DISKNAMES integer no"
287 .\".It "HW\_DISKSTATS integer no"
298 The byteorder (4,321, or 1,234).
300 The bytes of physical memory.
302 The bytes of non-kernel memory.
304 The software page size.
305 .It Li HW_FLOATINGPOINT
306 Nonzero if the floating point support is in hardware.
307 .It Li HW_MACHINE_ARCH
308 The machine dependent architecture type.
309 .\".It Fa HW_DISKNAMES
310 .\".It Fa HW_DISKSTATS
313 The string and integer information available for the CTL_KERN level
315 The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
316 privilege may change the value.
317 The types of data currently available are process information,
318 system vnodes, the open file entries, routing table entries,
319 virtual memory statistics, load average history, and clock rate
321 .Bl -column "KERNXMAXFILESPERPROCXXX" "struct clockrateXXX" -offset indent
322 .It Sy "Second level name Type Changeable"
323 .It "KERN\_ARGMAX integer no"
324 .It "KERN\_BOOTFILE string yes"
325 .It "KERN\_BOOTTIME struct timeval no"
326 .It "KERN\_CLOCKRATE struct clockinfo no"
327 .It "KERN\_FILE struct file no"
328 .It "KERN\_HOSTID integer yes"
329 .It "KERN\_HOSTNAME string yes"
330 .It "KERN\_JOB\_CONTROL integer no"
331 .It "KERN\_MAXFILES integer yes"
332 .It "KERN\_MAXFILESPERPROC integer yes"
333 .It "KERN\_MAXPROC integer no"
334 .It "KERN\_MAXPROCPERUID integer yes"
335 .It "KERN\_MAXVNODES integer yes"
336 .It "KERN\_NGROUPS integer no"
337 .It "KERN\_NISDOMAINNAME string yes"
338 .It "KERN\_OSRELDATE integer no"
339 .It "KERN\_OSRELEASE string no"
340 .It "KERN\_OSREV integer no"
341 .It "KERN\_OSTYPE string no"
342 .It "KERN\_POSIX1 integer no"
343 .It "KERN\_PROC struct proc no"
344 .It "KERN\_PROF node not applicable"
345 .It "KERN\_QUANTUM integer yes"
346 .It "KERN\_SAVED\_IDS integer no"
347 .It "KERN\_SECURELVL integer raise only"
348 .It "KERN\_UPDATEINTERVAL integer no"
349 .It "KERN\_VERSION string no"
350 .It "KERN\_VNODE struct vnode no"
355 The maximum bytes of argument to
358 The full pathname of the file from which the kernel was loaded.
362 structure is returned.
363 This structure contains the time that the system was booted.
364 .It Li KERN_CLOCKRATE
367 structure is returned.
368 This structure contains the clock, statistics clock and profiling clock
369 frequencies, the number of micro-seconds per hz tick and the skew rate.
371 Return the entire file table.
372 The returned data consists of a single
374 followed by an array of
376 whose size depends on the current number of such objects in the system.
378 Get or set the host id.
380 Get or set the hostname.
381 .It Li KERN_JOB_CONTROL
382 Return 1 if job control is available on this system, otherwise 0.
384 The maximum number of files that may be open in the system.
385 .It Li KERN_MAXFILESPERPROC
386 The maximum number of files that may be open for a single process.
387 This limit only applies to processes with an effective uid of nonzero
388 at the time of the open request.
389 Files that have already been opened are not affected if the limit
390 or the effective uid is changed.
392 The maximum number of concurrent processes the system will allow.
393 .It Li KERN_MAXPROCPERUID
394 The maximum number of concurrent processes the system will allow
395 for a single effective uid.
396 This limit only applies to processes with an effective uid of nonzero
397 at the time of a fork request.
398 Processes that have already been started are not affected if the limit
400 .It Li KERN_MAXVNODES
401 The maximum number of vnodes available on the system.
403 The maximum number of supplemental groups.
404 .It Li KERN_NISDOMAINNAME
405 The name of the current YP/NIS domain.
406 .It Li KERN_OSRELDATE
407 The system release date in YYYYMM format
408 (January 1996 is encoded as 199601).
409 .It Li KERN_OSRELEASE
410 The system release string.
412 The system revision string.
414 The system type string.
418 with which the system
421 Return the entire process table, or a subset of it.
423 .Va struct kinfo_proc
424 structures is returned,
425 whose size depends on the current number of such objects in the system.
426 The third and fourth level names are as follows:
427 .Bl -column "Third level nameXXXXXX" "Fourth level is:XXXXXX" -offset indent
428 .It "Third level name Fourth level is:"
429 .It "KERN\_PROC\_ALL None"
430 .It "KERN\_PROC\_PID A process ID"
431 .It "KERN\_PROC\_PGRP A process group"
432 .It "KERN\_PROC\_TTY A tty device"
433 .It "KERN\_PROC\_UID A user ID"
434 .It "KERN\_PROC\_RUID A real user ID"
437 Return profiling information about the kernel.
438 If the kernel is not compiled for profiling,
439 attempts to retrieve any of the KERN_PROF values will
442 The third level names for the string and integer profiling information
444 The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
445 privilege may change the value.
446 .Bl -column "GPROFXGMONPARAMXXX" "struct gmonparamXXX" -offset indent
447 .It Sy "Third level name Type Changeable"
448 .It "GPROF\_STATE integer yes"
449 .It "GPROF\_COUNT u_short[\|] yes"
450 .It "GPROF\_FROMS u_short[\|] yes"
451 .It "GPROF\_TOS struct tostruct yes"
452 .It "GPROF\_GMONPARAM struct gmonparam no"
455 The variables are as follows:
458 Returns GMON_PROF_ON or GMON_PROF_OFF to show that profiling
459 is running or stopped.
461 Array of statistical program counter counts.
463 Array indexed by program counter of call-from points.
467 describing destination of calls and their counts.
468 .It Li GPROF_GMONPARAM
469 Structure giving the sizes of the above arrays.
472 The maximum period of time, in microseconds, for which a process is allowed
473 to run without being preempted if other processes are in the run queue.
474 .It Li KERN_SAVED_IDS
475 Returns 1 if saved set-group and saved set-user ID is available.
476 .It Li KERN_SECURELVL
477 The system security level.
478 This level may be raised by processes with appropriate privilege.
479 It may not be lowered.
481 The system version string.
483 Return the entire vnode table.
484 Note, the vnode table is not necessarily a consistent snapshot of
486 The returned data consists of an array whose size depends on the
487 current number of such objects in the system.
488 Each element of the array contains the kernel address of a vnode
490 followed by the vnode itself
494 The set of variables defined is architecture dependent.
495 The following variables are defined for the i386 architecture.
496 .Bl -column "CONSOLE_DEVICEXXX" "struct bootinfoXXX" -offset indent
497 .It Sy "Second level name Type Changeable"
498 .It Li "CPU_CONSDEV dev_t no"
499 .It Li "CPU_ADJKERNTZ int yes"
500 .It Li "CPU_DISRTCSET int yes"
501 .It Li "CPU_BOOTINFO struct bootinfo no"
502 .It Li "CPU_WALLCLOCK int yes"
505 The string and integer information available for the CTL_NET level
507 The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
508 privilege may change the value.
509 .Bl -column "Second level nameXXXXXX" "routing messagesXXX" -offset indent
510 .It Sy "Second level name Type Changeable"
511 .It "PF\_ROUTE routing messages no"
512 .It "PF\_INET IPv4 values yes"
513 .It "PF\_INET6 IPv6 values yes"
518 Return the entire routing table or a subset of it.
519 The data is returned as a sequence of routing messages (see
521 for the header file, format and meaning).
522 The length of each message is contained in the message header.
524 The third level name is a protocol number, which is currently always 0.
525 The fourth level name is an address family, which may be set to 0 to
526 select all address families.
527 The fifth and sixth level names are as follows:
528 .Bl -column "Fifth level nameXXXXXX" "Sixth level is:XXX" -offset indent
529 .It Sy "Fifth level name Sixth level is:"
530 .It "NET\_RT\_FLAGS rtflags"
531 .It "NET\_RT\_DUMP None"
532 .It "NET\_RT\_IFLIST None"
535 Get or set various global information about the IPv4
536 (Internet Protocol version 4).
537 The third level name is the protocol.
538 The fourth level name is the variable name.
539 The currently defined protocols and names are:
540 .Bl -column ProtocolXX VariableXX TypeXX ChangeableXX
541 .It Sy "Protocol Variable Type Changeable"
542 .It "icmp bmcastecho integer yes"
543 .It "icmp maskrepl integer yes"
544 .It "ip forwarding integer yes"
545 .It "ip redirect integer yes"
546 .It "ip ttl integer yes"
547 .It "udp checksum integer yes"
550 The variables are as follows:
552 .It Li icmp.bmcastecho
553 Returns 1 if an ICMP echo request to a broadcast or multicast address is
556 Returns 1 if ICMP network mask requests are to be answered.
558 Returns 1 when IP forwarding is enabled for the host,
559 meaning that the host is acting as a router.
561 Returns 1 when ICMP redirects may be sent by the host.
562 This option is ignored unless the host is routing IP packets,
563 and should normally be enabled on all systems.
565 The maximum time-to-live (hop count) value for an IP packet sourced by
567 This value applies to normal transport protocols, not to ICMP.
569 Returns 1 when UDP checksums are being computed and checked.
570 Disabling UDP checksums is strongly discouraged.
572 For variables net.inet.*.ipsec, please refer to
576 Get or set various global information about the IPv6
577 (Internet Protocol version 6).
578 The third level name is the protocol.
579 The fourth level name is the variable name.
581 For variables net.inet6.* please refer to
583 For variables net.inet6.*.ipsec6, please refer to
587 The string and integer information available for the CTL_USER level
589 The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
590 privilege may change the value.
591 .Bl -column "USER_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAXXXX" "integerXXX" -offset indent
592 .It Sy "Second level name Type Changeable"
593 .It "USER\_BC\_BASE\_MAX integer no"
594 .It "USER\_BC\_DIM\_MAX integer no"
595 .It "USER\_BC\_SCALE\_MAX integer no"
596 .It "USER\_BC\_STRING\_MAX integer no"
597 .It "USER\_COLL\_WEIGHTS\_MAX integer no"
598 .It "USER\_CS\_PATH string no"
599 .It "USER\_EXPR\_NEST\_MAX integer no"
600 .It "USER\_LINE\_MAX integer no"
601 .It "USER\_POSIX2\_CHAR\_TERM integer no"
602 .It "USER\_POSIX2\_C\_BIND integer no"
603 .It "USER\_POSIX2\_C\_DEV integer no"
604 .It "USER\_POSIX2\_FORT\_DEV integer no"
605 .It "USER\_POSIX2\_FORT\_RUN integer no"
606 .It "USER\_POSIX2\_LOCALEDEF integer no"
607 .It "USER\_POSIX2\_SW\_DEV integer no"
608 .It "USER\_POSIX2\_UPE integer no"
609 .It "USER\_POSIX2\_VERSION integer no"
610 .It "USER\_RE\_DUP\_MAX integer no"
611 .It "USER\_STREAM\_MAX integer no"
612 .It "USER\_TZNAME\_MAX integer no"
616 .It Li USER_BC_BASE_MAX
617 The maximum ibase/obase values in the
620 .It Li USER_BC_DIM_MAX
621 The maximum array size in the
624 .It Li USER_BC_SCALE_MAX
625 The maximum scale value in the
628 .It Li USER_BC_STRING_MAX
629 The maximum string length in the
632 .It Li USER_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
633 The maximum number of weights that can be assigned to any entry of
634 the LC_COLLATE order keyword in the locale definition file.
636 Return a value for the
638 environment variable that finds all the standard utilities.
639 .It Li USER_EXPR_NEST_MAX
640 The maximum number of expressions that can be nested within
645 The maximum length in bytes of a text-processing utility's input
647 .It Li USER_POSIX2_CHAR_TERM
648 Return 1 if the system supports at least one terminal type capable of
649 all operations described in
652 .It Li USER_POSIX2_C_BIND
653 Return 1 if the system's C-language development facilities support the
654 C-Language Bindings Option, otherwise 0.
655 .It Li USER_POSIX2_C_DEV
656 Return 1 if the system supports the C-Language Development Utilities Option,
658 .It Li USER_POSIX2_FORT_DEV
659 Return 1 if the system supports the FORTRAN Development Utilities Option,
661 .It Li USER_POSIX2_FORT_RUN
662 Return 1 if the system supports the FORTRAN Runtime Utilities Option,
664 .It Li USER_POSIX2_LOCALEDEF
665 Return 1 if the system supports the creation of locales, otherwise 0.
666 .It Li USER_POSIX2_SW_DEV
667 Return 1 if the system supports the Software Development Utilities Option,
669 .It Li USER_POSIX2_UPE
670 Return 1 if the system supports the User Portability Utilities Option,
672 .It Li USER_POSIX2_VERSION
675 with which the system attempts to comply.
676 .It Li USER_RE_DUP_MAX
677 The maximum number of repeated occurrences of a regular expression
678 permitted when using interval notation.
679 .It Li USER_STREAM_MAX
680 The minimum maximum number of streams that a process may have open
682 .It Li USER_TZNAME_MAX
683 The minimum maximum number of types supported for the name of a
687 The string and integer information available for the CTL_VM level
689 The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
690 privilege may change the value.
691 .Bl -column "Second level nameXXXXXX" "struct loadavgXXX" -offset indent
692 .It Sy "Second level name Type Changeable"
693 .It "VM\_LOADAVG struct loadavg no"
694 .It "VM\_METER struct vmtotal no"
695 .It "VM\_PAGEOUT\_ALGORITHM integer yes"
696 .It "VM\_SWAPPING\_ENABLED integer maybe"
697 .It "VM\_V\_CACHE\_MAX integer yes"
698 .It "VM\_V\_CACHE\_MIN integer yes"
699 .It "VM\_V\_FREE\_MIN integer yes"
700 .It "VM\_V\_FREE\_RESERVED integer yes"
701 .It "VM\_V\_FREE\_TARGET integer yes"
702 .It "VM\_V\_INACTIVE\_TARGET integer yes"
703 .It "VM\_V\_PAGEOUT\_FREE\_MIN integer yes"
708 Return the load average history.
709 The returned data consists of a
712 Return the system wide virtual memory statistics.
713 The returned data consists of a
715 .It Li VM_PAGEOUT_ALGORITHM
716 0 if the statistics-based page management algorithm is in use
717 or 1 if the near-LRU algorithm is in use.
718 .It Li VM_SWAPPING_ENABLED
719 1 if process swapping is enabled or 0 if disabled. This variable is
720 permanently set to 0 if the kernel was built with swapping disabled.
721 .It Li VM_V_CACHE_MAX
722 Maximum desired size of the cache queue.
723 .It Li VM_V_CACHE_MIN
724 Minimum desired size of the cache queue. If the cache queue size
725 falls very far below this value, the pageout daemon is awakened.
727 Minimum amount of memory (cache memory plus free memory)
728 required to be available before a process waiting on memory will be
730 .It Li VM_V_FREE_RESERVED
731 Processes will awaken the pageout daemon and wait for memory if the
732 number of free and cached pages drops below this value.
733 .It Li VM_V_FREE_TARGET
734 The total amount of free memory (including cache memory) that the
735 pageout daemon tries to maintain.
736 .It Li VM_V_INACTIVE_TARGET
737 The desired number of inactive pages that the pageout daemon should
738 achieve when it runs. Inactive pages can be quickly inserted into
739 process address space when needed.
740 .It Li VM_V_PAGEOUT_FREE_MIN
741 If the amount of free and cache memory falls below this value, the
742 pageout daemon will enter "memory conserving mode" to avoid deadlock.
747 The following errors may be reported:
756 contains an invalid address.
760 array is less than two or greater than CTL_MAXNAME.
764 is given and its specified length in
766 is too large or too small.
768 The length pointed to by
770 is too short to hold the requested value.
774 array specifies an intermediate rather than terminal name.
778 array specifies a terminal name, but the actual name is not terminal.
782 array specifies a value that is unknown.
784 An attempt is made to set a read-only value.
786 A process without appropriate privilege attempts to set a value.
789 .Bl -tag -width <netinet/icmpXvar.h> -compact
790 .It Aq Pa sys/sysctl.h
791 definitions for top level identifiers, second level kernel and hardware
792 identifiers, and user level identifiers
793 .It Aq Pa sys/socket.h
794 definitions for second level network identifiers
796 definitions for third level profiling identifiers
797 .It Aq Pa vm/vm_param.h
798 definitions for second level virtual memory identifiers
799 .It Aq Pa netinet/in.h
800 definitions for third level IPv4/IPv6 identifiers and
801 fourth level IPv4/v6 identifiers
802 .It Aq Pa netinet/icmp_var.h
803 definitions for fourth level ICMP identifiers
804 .It Aq Pa netinet/icmp6.h
805 definitions for fourth level ICMPv6 identifiers
806 .It Aq Pa netinet/udp_var.h
807 definitions for fourth level UDP identifiers
815 function first appeared in