4 * This tool traces the branch of a multicast tree from a source to a
5 * receiver for a particular multicast group and gives statistics
6 * about packet rate and loss for each hop along the path. It can
7 * usually be invoked just as
11 * to trace the route from that source to the local host for a default
12 * group when only the route is desired and not group-specific packet
13 * counts. See the usage line for more complex forms.
16 * Released 4 Apr 1995. This program was adapted by Steve Casner
17 * (USC/ISI) from a prototype written by Ajit Thyagarajan (UDel and
18 * Xerox PARC). It attempts to parallel in command syntax and output
19 * format the unicast traceroute program written by Van Jacobson (LBL)
20 * for the parts where that makes sense.
22 * Copyright (c) 1995 by the University of Southern California
23 * All rights reserved.
25 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
26 * documentation in source and binary forms for any purposes and without
27 * fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice
28 * appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this
29 * permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that any
30 * documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to
31 * such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
32 * by the University of Southern California, Information Sciences
33 * Institute. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or
34 * promote products derived from this software without specific prior
37 * THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA makes no representations about
38 * the suitability of this software for any purpose. THIS SOFTWARE IS
39 * PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
40 * INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
41 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
43 * Other copyrights might apply to parts of this software and are so
44 * noted when applicable.
46 * Parts of this software are derived from mrouted, which has the
49 * The mrouted program is covered by the following license. Use of the
50 * mrouted program represents acceptance of these terms and conditions.
52 * 1. STANFORD grants to LICENSEE a nonexclusive and nontransferable
53 * license to use, copy and modify the computer software ``mrouted''
54 * (hereinafter called the ``Program''), upon the terms and conditions
55 * hereinafter set out and until Licensee discontinues use of the Licensed
58 * 2. LICENSEE acknowledges that the Program is a research tool still in
59 * the development state, that it is being supplied ``as is,'' without any
60 * accompanying services from STANFORD, and that this license is entered
61 * into in order to encourage scientific collaboration aimed at further
62 * development and application of the Program.
64 * 3. LICENSEE may copy the Program and may sublicense others to use
65 * object code copies of the Program or any derivative version of the
66 * Program. All copies must contain all copyright and other proprietary
67 * notices found in the Program as provided by STANFORD. Title to
68 * copyright to the Program remains with STANFORD.
70 * 4. LICENSEE may create derivative versions of the Program. LICENSEE
71 * hereby grants STANFORD a royalty-free license to use, copy, modify,
72 * distribute and sublicense any such derivative works. At the time
73 * LICENSEE provides a copy of a derivative version of the Program to a
74 * third party, LICENSEE shall provide STANFORD with one copy of the
75 * source code of the derivative version at no charge to STANFORD.
77 * 5. STANFORD MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
78 * IMPLIED. By way of example, but not limitation, STANFORD MAKES NO
79 * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY
80 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE LICENSED PROGRAM WILL NOT
81 * INFRINGE ANY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS. STANFORD
82 * shall not be held liable for any liability nor for any direct, indirect
83 * or consequential damages with respect to any claim by LICENSEE or any
84 * third party on account of or arising from this Agreement or use of the
87 * 6. This agreement shall be construed, interpreted and applied in
88 * accordance with the State of California and any legal action arising
89 * out of this Agreement or use of the Program shall be filed in a court
90 * in the State of California.
92 * 7. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as conferring rights to
93 * use in advertising, publicity or otherwise any trademark or the name
96 * The mrouted program is COPYRIGHT 1989 by The Board of Trustees of
97 * Leland Stanford Junior University.
100 * The mtrace program has been modified and improved by Xerox
101 * Corporation. Xerox grants to LICENSEE a non-exclusive and
102 * non-transferable license to use, copy, and modify the Xerox modified
103 * and improved mrouted software on the same terms and conditions which
104 * govern the license Stanford and ISI grant with respect to the mtrace
105 * program. These terms and conditions are incorporated in this grant
106 * by reference and shall be deemed to have been accepted by LICENSEE
107 * to cover its relationship with Xerox Corporation with respect to any
108 * use of the Xerox improved program.
110 * The mtrace program is COPYRIGHT 1998 by Xerox Corporation.
112 * $FreeBSD: src/usr.sbin/mrouted/mtrace.c,v 1.17.2.3 2002/09/12 16:27:49 nectar Exp $
113 * $DragonFly: src/usr.sbin/mrouted/mtrace.c,v 1.8 2005/12/05 00:58:50 swildner Exp $
126 #include <sys/param.h>
127 #include <sys/types.h>
128 #include <sys/socket.h>
129 #include <sys/time.h>
131 #include <netinet/in.h>
132 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
133 #include <netinet/ip.h>
134 #include <netinet/igmp.h>
135 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
137 #include <sys/sockio.h>
139 #include <arpa/inet.h>
142 #include <sys/systeminfo.h>
145 typedef unsigned int u_int32; /* XXX */
148 #define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 3 /* How long to wait before retrying requests */
149 #define DEFAULT_RETRIES 3 /* How many times to try */
150 #define DEFAULT_EXTRAHOPS 3 /* How many hops past a non-responding rtr */
151 #define MAXHOPS 60 /* Don't need more hops than this */
152 #define UNICAST_TTL 255 /* TTL for unicast response */
153 #define MULTICAST_TTL1 127 /* Default TTL for multicast query/response */
154 #define MULTICAST_TTL_INC 32 /* TTL increment for increase after timeout */
155 #define MULTICAST_TTL_MAX 192 /* Maximum TTL allowed (protect low-BW links */
159 #define DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2 5 /* DVMRP msg requesting neighbors */
160 #define DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2 6 /* reply to above */
161 #define DVMRP_NF_DOWN 0x10 /* kernel state of interface */
162 #define DVMRP_NF_DISABLED 0x20 /* administratively disabled */
163 #define MAX_IP_PACKET_LEN 576
164 #define MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN 20
165 #define MAX_IP_HEADER_LEN 60
166 #define MAX_DVMRP_DATA_LEN \
167 ( MAX_IP_PACKET_LEN - MAX_IP_HEADER_LEN - IGMP_MINLEN )
170 u_long qtime; /* Time query was issued */
171 u_long rtime; /* Time response was received */
172 int len; /* Number of reports or length of data */
173 struct igmp igmp; /* IGMP header */
176 struct tr_query q; /* Query/response header */
177 struct tr_resp r[MAXHOPS]; /* Per-hop reports */
179 char d[MAX_DVMRP_DATA_LEN]; /* Neighbor data */
187 char *names[MAXHOPS];
190 * In mrouted 3.3 and 3.4 (and in some Cisco IOS releases),
191 * cache entries can get deleted even if there is traffic
192 * flowing, which will reset the per-source/group counters.
194 #define BUG_RESET 0x01
197 * Also in mrouted 3.3 and 3.4, there's a bug in neighbor
198 * version processing which can cause them to believe that
199 * the neighbor is constantly resetting. This causes them
200 * to constantly delete all their state.
202 #define BUG_RESET2X 0x02
205 * Pre-3.7 mrouted's forget to byte-swap their reports.
207 #define BUG_SWAP 0x04
210 * Pre-3.9 mrouted's forgot a parenthesis in the htonl()
211 * on the time calculation so supply bogus times.
213 #define BUG_BOGUSTIME 0x08
215 #define BUG_NOPRINT (BUG_RESET | BUG_RESET2X)
217 int bugs[MAXHOPS]; /* List of bugs noticed at each hop */
221 struct resp_buf base, incr[2];
222 struct resp_buf *new, *prev;
226 char *names[MAXHOPS];
230 int timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
231 int nqueries = DEFAULT_RETRIES;
235 int multicast = FALSE;
239 int tunstats = FALSE;
241 int extrahops = DEFAULT_EXTRAHOPS;
242 int printstats = TRUE;
248 u_int32 defgrp; /* Default group if not specified */
249 u_int32 query_cast; /* All routers multicast addr */
250 u_int32 resp_cast; /* Mtrace response multicast addr */
252 u_int32 lcl_addr = 0; /* This host address, in NET order */
253 u_int32 dst_netmask = 0; /* netmask to go with qdst */
256 * Query/response parameters, all initialized to zero and set later
257 * to default values or from options.
259 u_int32 qsrc = 0; /* Source address in the query */
260 u_int32 qgrp = 0; /* Group address in the query */
261 u_int32 qdst = 0; /* Destination (receiver) address in query */
262 u_char qno = 0; /* Max number of hops to query */
263 u_int32 raddr = 0; /* Address where response should be sent */
264 int qttl = 0; /* TTL for the query packet */
265 u_char rttl = 0; /* TTL for the response packet */
266 u_int32 gwy = 0; /* User-supplied last-hop router address */
267 u_int32 tdst = 0; /* Address where trace is sent (last-hop) */
269 char s1[19]; /* buffers to hold the string representations */
270 char s2[19]; /* of IP addresses, to be passed to inet_fmt() */
271 char s3[19]; /* or inet_fmts(). */
273 #if !(defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103))
276 extern char * sys_errlist[];
279 #define RECV_BUF_SIZE 8192
280 char *send_buf, *recv_buf;
282 u_int32 allrtrs_group;
283 char router_alert[4]; /* Router Alert IP Option */
288 char eol[4]; /* EOL IP Option */
289 int ip_addlen = 0; /* Workaround for Option bug #2 */
293 * max macro, with weird case to avoid conflicts
295 #define MaX(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
297 typedef int (*callback_t)(int, u_char *, int, struct igmp *, int,
298 struct sockaddr *, int *, struct timeval *);
300 void init_igmp(void);
301 void send_igmp(u_int32 src, u_int32 dst, int type,
302 int code, u_int32 group,
304 int inet_cksum(u_short *addr, u_int len);
305 void k_set_rcvbuf(int bufsize);
306 void k_hdr_include(int boolv);
307 void k_set_ttl(int t);
308 void k_set_loop(int l);
309 void k_set_if(u_int32 ifa);
310 void k_join(u_int32 grp, u_int32 ifa);
311 void k_leave(u_int32 grp, u_int32 ifa);
312 char * inet_fmt(u_int32 addr, char *s);
313 char * inet_fmts(u_int32 addr, u_int32 mask, char *s);
314 char * inet_name(u_int32 addr);
315 u_int32 host_addr(char *name);
316 /* u_int is promoted u_char */
317 char * proto_type(u_int type);
318 char * flag_type(u_int type);
320 u_int32 get_netmask(int s, u_int32 *dst);
321 int get_ttl(struct resp_buf *buf);
322 int t_diff(u_long a, u_long b);
323 u_long byteswap(u_long v);
324 int mtrace_callback(int, u_char *, int, struct igmp *,
325 int, struct sockaddr *, int *,
327 int send_recv(u_int32 dst, int type, int code,
328 int tries, struct resp_buf *save,
329 callback_t callback);
330 void passive_mode(void);
331 char * print_host(u_int32 addr);
332 char * print_host2(u_int32 addr1, u_int32 addr2);
333 void print_trace(int idx, struct resp_buf *buf,
335 int what_kind(struct resp_buf *buf, char *why);
336 char * scale(int *hop);
337 void stat_line(struct tr_resp *r, struct tr_resp *s,
338 int have_next, int *res);
339 void fixup_stats(struct resp_buf *base,
340 struct resp_buf *prev,
341 struct resp_buf *new,
343 int check_thresh(int thresh,
344 struct resp_buf *base,
345 struct resp_buf *prev,
346 struct resp_buf *new);
347 int print_stats(struct resp_buf *base,
348 struct resp_buf *prev,
349 struct resp_buf *new,
352 int path_changed(struct resp_buf *base,
353 struct resp_buf *new);
354 void check_vif_state(void);
356 int main(int argc, char **argv);
357 void dolog(int, int, char *, ...) __printflike(3, 4);
358 static void usage(void);
362 * Open and initialize the igmp socket, and fill in the non-changing
363 * IP header fields in the output packet buffer.
370 recv_buf = (char *)malloc(RECV_BUF_SIZE);
372 dolog(LOG_ERR, 0, "Out of memory allocating recv_buf!");
373 send_buf = (char *)malloc(RECV_BUF_SIZE);
375 dolog(LOG_ERR, 0, "Out of memory allocating send_buf!");
377 if ((igmp_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_IGMP)) < 0)
378 dolog(LOG_ERR, errno, "IGMP socket");
380 k_hdr_include(TRUE); /* include IP header when sending */
381 k_set_rcvbuf(48*1024); /* lots of input buffering */
382 k_set_ttl(1); /* restrict multicasts to one hop */
383 k_set_loop(FALSE); /* disable multicast loopback */
385 ip = (struct ip *)send_buf;
386 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
387 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
390 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_IGMP;
391 ip->ip_ttl = MAXTTL; /* applies to unicasts only */
393 #ifndef INADDR_ALLRTRS_GROUP
394 #define INADDR_ALLRTRS_GROUP 0xe0000002 /* 224.0.0.2 */
396 allrtrs_group = htonl(INADDR_ALLRTRS_GROUP);
398 router_alert[0] = IPOPT_RA; /* Router Alert */
399 router_alert[1] = 4; /* 4 bytes */
406 checkforsolarisbug(void)
408 u_int32 localhost = htonl(0x7f000001);
415 setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, eol, sizeof(eol));
417 * Check if the kernel adds the options length to the packet
418 * length. Send myself an IGMP packet of type 0 (illegal),
419 * with 4 IPOPT_EOL options, my PID (for collision detection)
420 * and 4 bytes of zero (so that the checksum works whether
421 * the 4 bytes of zero get truncated or not).
423 bzero(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN, 8);
424 *(int *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN) = getpid();
425 send_igmp(localhost, localhost, 0, 0, 0, 8);
427 int recvlen, dummy = 0;
429 recvlen = recvfrom(igmp_socket, recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE,
431 /* 8 == 4 bytes of options and 4 bytes of PID */
432 if (recvlen >= MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN + 8) {
433 struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)recv_buf;
437 if (ip->ip_hl != 6 ||
438 ip->ip_p != IPPROTO_IGMP ||
439 ip->ip_src.s_addr != localhost ||
440 ip->ip_dst.s_addr != localhost)
443 igmp = (struct igmp *)(recv_buf + (ip->ip_hl << 2));
444 if (igmp->igmp_group.s_addr != 0)
446 if (igmp->igmp_type != 0 || igmp->igmp_code != 0)
449 p = (int *)((char *)igmp + IGMP_MINLEN);
453 #ifdef RAW_INPUT_IS_RAW
454 ip->ip_len = ntohs(ip->ip_len);
456 if (ip->ip_len == IGMP_MINLEN + 4)
458 else if (ip->ip_len == IGMP_MINLEN + 8)
461 dolog(LOG_ERR, 0, "while checking for Solaris bug: Sent %d bytes and got back %d!", IGMP_MINLEN + 8, ip->ip_len);
470 * Construct an IGMP message in the output packet buffer. The caller may
471 * have already placed data in that buffer, of length 'datalen'. Then send
472 * the message from the interface with IP address 'src' to destination 'dst'.
475 send_igmp(u_int32 src, u_int32 dst, int type, int code, u_int32 group,
478 struct sockaddr_in sdst;
482 static int raset = 0;
486 ip = (struct ip *)send_buf;
487 ip->ip_src.s_addr = src;
488 ip->ip_dst.s_addr = dst;
489 ip->ip_len = MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN + datalen;
490 sendlen = ip->ip_len;
492 ip->ip_len += ip_addlen;
494 #ifdef RAW_OUTPUT_IS_RAW
495 ip->ip_len = htons(ip->ip_len);
498 igmp = (struct igmp *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN);
499 igmp->igmp_type = type;
500 igmp->igmp_code = code;
501 igmp->igmp_group.s_addr = group;
502 igmp->igmp_cksum = 0;
503 igmp->igmp_cksum = inet_cksum((u_short *)igmp,
504 IGMP_MINLEN + datalen);
506 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst))) {
510 if (dst != allrtrs_group)
514 if (sendopts && sendra && !raset) {
515 setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS,
516 router_alert, sizeof(router_alert));
518 } else if (!sendra && raset) {
521 * SunOS5 < 5.6 cannot properly reset the IP_OPTIONS "socket"
522 * option. Instead, set up a string of 4 EOL's.
524 setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS,
527 setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS,
533 bzero(&sdst, sizeof(sdst));
534 sdst.sin_family = AF_INET;
535 #if (defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103))
536 sdst.sin_len = sizeof(sdst);
538 sdst.sin_addr.s_addr = dst;
539 if (sendto(igmp_socket, send_buf, sendlen, 0,
540 (struct sockaddr *)&sdst, sizeof(sdst)) < 0) {
541 dolog(LOG_WARNING, errno, "sendto to %s on %s",
542 inet_fmt(dst, s1), inet_fmt(src, s2));
548 dolog(LOG_DEBUG, 0, "SENT %s from %-15s to %s",
549 type == IGMP_MTRACE ? "mtrace request" : "ask_neighbors",
550 src == INADDR_ANY ? "INADDR_ANY" : inet_fmt(src, s1),
555 * inet_cksum extracted from:
560 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
562 * Modified at Uc Berkeley
565 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
569 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
573 inet_cksum(u_short *addr, u_int len)
575 int nleft = (int)len;
581 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum),
582 * we add sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold
583 * back all the carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower
591 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
593 *(u_char *) (&answer) = *(u_char *)w ;
598 * add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits
600 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
601 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
602 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
607 k_set_rcvbuf(int bufsize)
609 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
610 (char *)&bufsize, sizeof(bufsize)) < 0)
611 dolog(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt SO_RCVBUF %u", bufsize);
616 k_hdr_include(int boolv)
619 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL,
620 (char *)&boolv, sizeof(boolv)) < 0)
621 dolog(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_HDRINCL %u", boolv);
631 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL,
632 (char *)&ttl, sizeof(ttl)) < 0)
633 dolog(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL %u", ttl);
643 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
644 (char *)&loop, sizeof(loop)) < 0)
645 dolog(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP %u", loop);
649 k_set_if(u_int32 ifa)
654 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
655 (char *)&adr, sizeof(adr)) < 0)
656 dolog(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF %s",
661 k_join(u_int32 grp, u_int32 ifa)
665 mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = grp;
666 mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = ifa;
668 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
669 (char *)&mreq, sizeof(mreq)) < 0)
670 dolog(LOG_WARNING, errno, "can't join group %s on interface %s",
671 inet_fmt(grp, s1), inet_fmt(ifa, s2));
676 k_leave(u_int32 grp, u_int32 ifa)
680 mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = grp;
681 mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = ifa;
683 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP,
684 (char *)&mreq, sizeof(mreq)) < 0)
685 dolog(LOG_WARNING, errno, "can't leave group %s on interface %s",
686 inet_fmt(grp, s1), inet_fmt(ifa, s2));
690 * Convert an IP address in u_long (network) format into a printable string.
693 inet_fmt(u_int32 addr, char *s)
698 sprintf(s, "%u.%u.%u.%u", a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3]);
704 * Convert an IP subnet number in u_long (network) format into a printable
705 * string including the netmask as a number of bits.
708 inet_fmts(u_int32 addr, u_int32 mask, char *s)
713 if ((addr == 0) && (mask == 0)) {
714 sprintf(s, "default");
719 bits = 33 - ffs(ntohl(mask));
721 if (m[3] != 0) sprintf(s, "%u.%u.%u.%u/%d", a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3],
723 else if (m[2] != 0) sprintf(s, "%u.%u.%u/%d", a[0], a[1], a[2], bits);
724 else if (m[1] != 0) sprintf(s, "%u.%u/%d", a[0], a[1], bits);
725 else sprintf(s, "%u/%d", a[0], bits);
731 inet_name(u_int32 addr)
735 e = gethostbyaddr(&addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET);
737 return e ? e->h_name : "?";
742 host_addr(char *name)
744 struct hostent *e = NULL;
752 * Undo BSD's favor -- take fewer than 4 octets as net/subnet address
753 * if the name is all numeric.
755 for (i = sizeof(buf) - 7; i > 0; --i) {
756 if (*ip == '.') --dots;
757 else if (*ip == '\0') break;
758 else if (!isdigit(*ip)) dots = 0; /* Not numeric, don't add zeroes */
761 for (i = 0; i < dots; ++i) {
768 e = gethostbyname(name);
769 if (e && (e->h_length == sizeof(addr))) {
770 memcpy((char *)&addr, e->h_addr_list[0], e->h_length);
771 if (e->h_addr_list[1])
772 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: %s has multiple addresses, using %s\n",
773 name, inet_fmt(addr, s1));
775 addr = inet_addr(buf);
776 if (addr == -1 || (IN_MULTICAST(addr) && dots)) {
778 printf("Could not parse %s as host name or address\n", name);
786 proto_type(u_int type)
799 case PROTO_PIM_SPECIAL:
800 return ("PIM/Special");
801 case PROTO_PIM_STATIC:
802 return ("PIM/Static");
803 case PROTO_DVMRP_STATIC:
804 return ("DVMRP/Static");
805 case PROTO_PIM_BGP4PLUS:
806 return ("PIM/BGP4+");
807 case PROTO_CBT_SPECIAL:
808 return ("CBT/Special");
809 case PROTO_CBT_STATIC:
810 return ("CBT/Static");
811 case PROTO_PIM_ASSERT:
812 return ("PIM/Assert");
816 sprintf(buf, "Unknown protocol code %d", type);
823 flag_type(u_int type)
831 return ("Wrong interface");
833 return ("Prune sent upstream");
835 return ("Output pruned");
837 return ("Hit scope boundary");
841 return ("Not forwarding");
843 return ("Reached RP/Core");
845 return ("RPF Interface");
847 return ("Multicast disabled");
849 return ("Next router no mtrace");
851 return ("No space in packet");
852 case TR_ADMIN_PROHIB:
853 return ("Admin. Prohibited");
855 sprintf(buf, "Unknown error code %d", type);
861 * If destination is on a local net, get the netmask, else set the
862 * netmask to all ones. There are two side effects: if the local
863 * address was not explicitly set, and if the destination is on a
864 * local net, use that one; in either case, verify that the local
868 get_netmask(int s, u_int32 *dst)
872 struct ifreq *ifrp, *ifend;
873 u_int32 if_addr, if_mask;
874 u_int32 retval = 0xFFFFFFFF;
878 ifc.ifc_len = num_ifreq * sizeof(struct ifreq);
879 ifc.ifc_buf = malloc(ifc.ifc_len);
880 while (ifc.ifc_buf) {
881 if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0) {
882 perror("ioctl SIOCGIFCONF");
887 * If the buffer was large enough to hold all the addresses
888 * then break out, otherwise increase the buffer size and
891 * The only way to know that we definitely had enough space
892 * is to know that there was enough space for at least one
893 * more struct ifreq. ???
895 if ((num_ifreq * sizeof(struct ifreq)) >=
896 ifc.ifc_len + sizeof(struct ifreq))
900 ifc.ifc_len = num_ifreq * sizeof(struct ifreq);
901 ifc.ifc_buf = realloc(ifc.ifc_buf, ifc.ifc_len);
903 if (ifc.ifc_buf == NULL) {
904 fprintf(stderr, "getting interface list: ran out of memory");
908 ifrp = (struct ifreq *)ifc.ifc_buf;
909 ifend = (struct ifreq *)(ifc.ifc_buf + ifc.ifc_len);
911 * Loop through all of the interfaces.
913 for (; ifrp < ifend && !found; ifrp = (struct ifreq *)((char *)ifrp + n)) {
915 n = ifrp->ifr_addr.sa_len + sizeof(ifrp->ifr_name);
916 if (n < sizeof(*ifrp))
922 * Ignore any interface for an address family other than IP.
924 if (ifrp->ifr_addr.sa_family != AF_INET)
927 if_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifrp->ifr_addr))->sin_addr.s_addr;
928 if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (char *)ifrp) < 0) {
929 fprintf(stderr, "SIOCGIFFLAGS on ");
930 perror(ifrp->ifr_name);
933 if ((ifrp->ifr_flags & (IFF_MULTICAST|IFF_UP|IFF_LOOPBACK)) !=
934 (IFF_MULTICAST|IFF_UP))
938 if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFNETMASK, (char *)ifrp) >= 0) {
939 if_mask = ((struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifrp->ifr_addr))->sin_addr.s_addr;
940 if (if_mask != 0 && (*dst & if_mask) == (if_addr & if_mask)) {
942 if (lcl_addr == 0) lcl_addr = if_addr; /* XXX what about aliases? */
945 if (lcl_addr == if_addr) found = TRUE;
947 if (!found && lcl_addr != 0) {
948 printf("Interface address is not valid\n");
956 * Try to pick a TTL that will get past all the thresholds in the path.
959 get_ttl(struct resp_buf *buf)
965 if (buf && (rno = buf->len) > 0) {
966 b = buf->resps + rno - 1;
971 if (ttl < b->tr_fttl) ttl = b->tr_fttl;
974 ttl += MULTICAST_TTL_INC;
975 if (ttl < MULTICAST_TTL1) ttl = MULTICAST_TTL1;
976 if (ttl > MULTICAST_TTL_MAX) ttl = MULTICAST_TTL_MAX;
978 } else return(MULTICAST_TTL1);
982 * Calculate the difference between two 32-bit NTP timestamps and return
983 * the result in milliseconds.
986 t_diff(u_long a, u_long b)
990 return ((d * 125) >> 13);
994 * Swap bytes for poor little-endian machines that don't byte-swap
999 return ((v << 24) | ((v & 0xff00) << 8) |
1000 ((v >> 8) & 0xff00) | (v >> 24));
1005 * XXX incomplete - need private callback data, too?
1006 * XXX since dst doesn't get passed through?
1009 neighbors_callback(int tmo, u_char *buf, int buflen, struct igmp *igmp,
1010 int igmplen, struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen,
1015 struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1020 if (igmp->igmp_code != DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2)
1024 * Accept DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2 response if it comes from the
1025 * address queried or if that address is one of the local
1026 * addresses in the response.
1028 if (ip->ip_src.s_addr != dst) {
1029 u_int32 *p = (u_int32 *)(igmp + 1);
1030 u_int32 *ep = p + (len >> 2);
1032 u_int32 laddr = *p++;
1033 int n = ntohl(*p++) & 0xFF;
1035 ep = p + 1; /* ensure p < ep after loop */
1048 mtrace_callback(int tmo, u_char *buf, int buflen, struct igmp *igmp,
1049 int igmplen, struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen,
1052 static u_char *savbuf = NULL;
1053 static int savbuflen;
1054 static struct sockaddr *savaddr;
1055 static int savaddrlen;
1056 static struct timeval savts;
1058 int len = (igmplen - QLEN) / RLEN;
1059 struct tr_resp *r = (struct tr_resp *)((struct tr_query *)(igmp + 1) + 1);
1063 * If we timed out with a packet saved, then return that packet.
1064 * send_recv won't send this same packet to the callback again.
1067 bcopy(savbuf, buf, savbuflen);
1070 bcopy(savaddr, addr, savaddrlen);
1072 *addrlen = savaddrlen;
1073 bcopy(&savts, ts, sizeof(savts));
1084 * Check for IOS bug described in CSCdi68628, where a router that does
1085 * not have multicast enabled responds to an mtrace request with a 1-hop
1088 * If there is only one hop reported in the packet,
1089 * And the protocol code is 0,
1090 * And there is no previous hop,
1091 * And the forwarding information is "Not Forwarding",
1092 * And the router is not on the same subnet as the destination of the
1094 * then drop this packet. The "#if 0"'d code saves it and returns
1095 * it on timeout, but timeouts are too common (e.g. routers with
1096 * limited unicast routing tables, etc).
1098 if (len == 1 && r->tr_rproto == 0 && r->tr_rmtaddr == 0 &&
1099 r->tr_rflags == TR_NO_FWD) {
1102 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
1103 if ((r->tr_outaddr & smask) != (qdst & smask)) {
1105 /* XXX should do this silently? */
1106 fprintf(stderr, "mtrace: probably IOS-buggy packet from %s\n",
1107 inet_fmt(((struct sockaddr_in *)addr)->sin_addr.s_addr, s1));
1108 /* Save the packet to return if a timeout occurs. */
1109 savbuf = (u_char *)malloc(buflen);
1110 if (savbuf != NULL) {
1111 bcopy(buf, savbuf, buflen);
1113 savaddr = (struct sockaddr *)malloc(*addrlen);
1114 if (savaddr != NULL) {
1115 bcopy(addr, savaddr, *addrlen);
1116 savaddrlen = *addrlen;
1117 bcopy(ts, &savts, sizeof(savts));
1131 send_recv(u_int32 dst, int type, int code, int tries, struct resp_buf *save,
1132 callback_t callback)
1135 struct timeval tq, tr, tv;
1138 struct tr_query *query, *rquery;
1140 struct sockaddr_in recvaddr;
1141 u_int32 local, group;
1142 int ipdatalen, iphdrlen, igmpdatalen;
1144 int count, recvlen, socklen = sizeof(recvaddr);
1148 if (type == IGMP_MTRACE) {
1150 datalen = sizeof(struct tr_query);
1152 group = htonl(0xff03);
1155 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst))) local = lcl_addr;
1156 else local = INADDR_ANY;
1159 * If the reply address was not explictly specified, start off
1160 * with the standard multicast reply address, or the unicast
1161 * address of this host if the unicast flag was specified.
1162 * Then, if there is no response after trying half the tries
1163 * with multicast, switch to the unicast address of this host
1164 * if the multicast flag was not specified. If the TTL was
1165 * also not specified, set a multicast TTL and increase it
1168 query = (struct tr_query *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN);
1169 query->tr_raddr = raddr ? raddr : unicast ? lcl_addr : resp_cast;
1170 TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, rttl ? rttl :
1171 IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(query->tr_raddr)) ? get_ttl(save) : UNICAST_TTL);
1172 query->tr_src = qsrc;
1173 query->tr_dst = qdst;
1175 for (i = tries ; i > 0; --i) {
1178 if (tries == nqueries && raddr == 0) {
1179 if (i == (nqueries >> 1)) {
1180 if (multicast && unicast) {
1181 query->tr_raddr = resp_cast;
1183 TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, get_ttl(save));
1184 } else if (!multicast) {
1185 query->tr_raddr = lcl_addr;
1186 TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, UNICAST_TTL);
1189 if (i < tries && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(query->tr_raddr)) &&
1191 TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid,
1192 TR_GETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid) + MULTICAST_TTL_INC);
1193 if (TR_GETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid) > MULTICAST_TTL_MAX)
1194 TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, MULTICAST_TTL_MAX);
1199 * Change the qid for each request sent to avoid being confused
1200 * by duplicate responses
1202 oqid = TR_GETQID(query->tr_rttlqid);
1204 TR_SETQID(query->tr_rttlqid, staticqid);
1207 TR_SETQID(query->tr_rttlqid, ((u_int32)lrand48() >> 8));
1209 TR_SETQID(query->tr_rttlqid, ((u_int32)arc4random() >> 8));
1213 * Set timer to calculate delays, then send query
1215 gettimeofday(&tq, 0);
1216 send_igmp(local, dst, type, code, group, datalen);
1219 * Wait for response, discarding false alarms
1222 if (igmp_socket >= FD_SETSIZE)
1223 dolog(LOG_ERR, 0, "descriptor too big");
1225 FD_SET(igmp_socket, &fds);
1226 gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
1227 tv.tv_sec = tq.tv_sec + timeout - tv.tv_sec;
1228 tv.tv_usec = tq.tv_usec - tv.tv_usec;
1229 if (tv.tv_usec < 0) tv.tv_usec += 1000000L, --tv.tv_sec;
1230 if (tv.tv_sec < 0) tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_usec = 0;
1232 count = select(igmp_socket + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
1235 if (errno != EINTR) warn("select");
1237 } else if (count == 0) {
1239 * Timed out. Notify the callback.
1241 if (!callback || (recvlen = (callback)(1, recv_buf, 0, NULL, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&recvaddr, &socklen, &tr)) == 0) {
1248 * Data is available on the socket, so read it.
1250 gettimeofday(&tr, 0);
1251 recvlen = recvfrom(igmp_socket, recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE,
1252 0, (struct sockaddr *)&recvaddr, &socklen);
1256 if (recvlen && errno != EINTR) warn("recvfrom");
1260 if (recvlen < sizeof(struct ip)) {
1261 warnx("packet too short (%u bytes) for IP header", recvlen);
1264 ip = (struct ip *) recv_buf;
1265 if (ip->ip_p == 0) /* ignore cache creation requests */
1268 iphdrlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1269 #ifdef RAW_INPUT_IS_RAW
1270 ipdatalen = ntohs(ip->ip_len);
1272 ipdatalen = ip->ip_len;
1274 if (iphdrlen + ipdatalen != recvlen) {
1275 warnx("packet shorter (%u bytes) than hdr+data len (%u+%u)",
1276 recvlen, iphdrlen, ipdatalen);
1280 igmp = (struct igmp *) (recv_buf + iphdrlen);
1281 igmpdatalen = ipdatalen - IGMP_MINLEN;
1282 if (igmpdatalen < 0) {
1283 warnx("IP data field too short (%u bytes) for IGMP from %s",
1284 ipdatalen, inet_fmt(ip->ip_src.s_addr, s1));
1288 switch (igmp->igmp_type) {
1291 if (type != IGMP_DVMRP || code != DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2)
1293 if (igmp->igmp_code != DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2) continue;
1296 * Accept DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2 response if it comes from the
1297 * address queried or if that address is one of the local
1298 * addresses in the response.
1300 if (ip->ip_src.s_addr != dst) {
1301 u_int32 *p = (u_int32 *)(igmp + 1);
1302 u_int32 *ep = p + (len >> 2);
1304 u_int32 laddr = *p++;
1305 int n = ntohl(*p++) & 0xFF;
1307 ep = p + 1; /* ensure p < ep after loop */
1312 if (p >= ep) continue;
1316 case IGMP_MTRACE: /* For backward compatibility with 3.3 */
1317 case IGMP_MTRACE_RESP:
1318 if (type != IGMP_MTRACE) continue;
1319 if (igmpdatalen <= QLEN) continue;
1320 if ((igmpdatalen - QLEN)%RLEN) {
1321 printf("packet with incomplete responses (%d bytes)\n",
1327 * Ignore responses that don't match query.
1329 rquery = (struct tr_query *)(igmp + 1);
1330 if (rquery->tr_src != qsrc || rquery->tr_dst != qdst)
1332 if (TR_GETQID(rquery->tr_rttlqid) !=
1333 TR_GETQID(query->tr_rttlqid)) {
1334 if (verbose && TR_GETQID(rquery->tr_rttlqid) == oqid)
1338 len = (igmpdatalen - QLEN)/RLEN;
1339 r = (struct tr_resp *)(rquery+1) + len - 1;
1342 * Ignore trace queries passing through this node when
1343 * mtrace is run on an mrouter that is in the path
1344 * (needed only because IGMP_MTRACE is accepted above
1345 * for backward compatibility with multicast release 3.3).
1347 if (igmp->igmp_type == IGMP_MTRACE) {
1350 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
1351 if (len < code && (r->tr_inaddr & smask) != (qsrc & smask)
1352 && r->tr_rmtaddr != 0 && !(r->tr_rflags & 0x80))
1356 * Some routers will return error messages without
1357 * filling in their addresses. We fill in the address
1360 if (r->tr_outaddr == 0)
1361 r->tr_outaddr = recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr;
1364 * A match, we'll keep this one.
1367 warnx("num hops received (%d) exceeds request (%d)",
1370 rquery->tr_raddr = query->tr_raddr; /* Insure these are */
1371 TR_SETTTL(rquery->tr_rttlqid, TR_GETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid));
1372 /* as we sent them */
1380 * We're pretty sure we want to use this packet now,
1381 * but if the caller gave a callback function, it might
1382 * want to handle it instead. Give the callback a chance,
1383 * unless the select timed out (in which case the only way
1384 * to get here is because the callback returned a packet).
1386 if (callback && (count != 0) && ((callback)(0, recv_buf, recvlen, igmp, igmpdatalen, (struct sockaddr*)&recvaddr, &socklen, &tr)) == 0) {
1388 * The callback function didn't like this packet.
1389 * Go try receiving another one.
1395 * Most of the sanity checking done at this point.
1396 * Return this packet we have been waiting for.
1399 save->qtime = ((tq.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) +
1400 (tq.tv_usec << 10) / 15625;
1401 save->rtime = ((tr.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) +
1402 (tr.tv_usec << 10) / 15625;
1404 bcopy((char *)igmp, (char *)&save->igmp, ipdatalen);
1413 * Most of this code is duplicated elsewhere. I'm not sure if
1414 * the duplication is absolutely required or not.
1416 * Ideally, this would keep track of ongoing statistics
1417 * collection and print out statistics. (& keep track
1418 * of h-b-h traces and only print the longest) For now,
1419 * it just snoops on what traces it can.
1429 struct sockaddr_in recvaddr;
1433 int ipdatalen, iphdrlen, igmpdatalen;
1437 struct mtrace *remembered = NULL, *m, *n, **nn;
1441 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr))) k_join(raddr, lcl_addr);
1442 } else k_join(htonl(0xE0000120), lcl_addr);
1445 fflush(stdout); /* make sure previous trace is flushed */
1447 socklen = sizeof(recvaddr);
1448 recvlen = recvfrom(igmp_socket, recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE,
1449 0, (struct sockaddr *)&recvaddr, &socklen);
1450 gettimeofday(&tr,0);
1453 if (recvlen && errno != EINTR) warn("recvfrom");
1457 if (recvlen < sizeof(struct ip)) {
1458 warnx("packet too short (%u bytes) for IP header", recvlen);
1461 ip = (struct ip *) recv_buf;
1462 if (ip->ip_p == 0) /* ignore cache creation requests */
1465 iphdrlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1466 #ifdef RAW_INPUT_IS_RAW
1467 ipdatalen = ntohs(ip->ip_len);
1469 ipdatalen = ip->ip_len;
1471 if (iphdrlen + ipdatalen != recvlen) {
1472 warnx("packet shorter (%u bytes) than hdr+data len (%u+%u)",
1473 recvlen, iphdrlen, ipdatalen);
1477 igmp = (struct igmp *) (recv_buf + iphdrlen);
1478 igmpdatalen = ipdatalen - IGMP_MINLEN;
1479 if (igmpdatalen < 0) {
1480 warnx("IP data field too short (%u bytes) for IGMP from %s",
1481 ipdatalen, inet_fmt(ip->ip_src.s_addr, s1));
1485 switch (igmp->igmp_type) {
1487 case IGMP_MTRACE: /* For backward compatibility with 3.3 */
1488 case IGMP_MTRACE_RESP:
1489 if (igmpdatalen < QLEN) continue;
1490 if ((igmpdatalen - QLEN)%RLEN) {
1491 printf("packet with incorrect datalen\n");
1495 len = (igmpdatalen - QLEN)/RLEN;
1503 base.qtime = ((tr.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) +
1504 (tr.tv_usec << 10) / 15625;
1505 base.rtime = ((tr.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) +
1506 (tr.tv_usec << 10) / 15625;
1508 bcopy((char *)igmp, (char *)&base.igmp, ipdatalen);
1510 * If the user specified which traces to monitor,
1511 * only accept traces that correspond to the
1514 if ((qsrc != 0 && qsrc != base.qhdr.tr_src) ||
1515 (qdst != 0 && qdst != base.qhdr.tr_dst) ||
1516 (qgrp != 0 && qgrp != igmp->igmp_group.s_addr))
1519 /* XXX This should be a hash table */
1520 /* XXX garbage-collection should be more efficient */
1521 for (nn = &remembered, n = *nn, m = 0; n; n = *nn) {
1522 if ((n->base.qhdr.tr_src == base.qhdr.tr_src) &&
1523 (n->base.qhdr.tr_dst == base.qhdr.tr_dst) &&
1524 (n->base.igmp.igmp_group.s_addr == igmp->igmp_group.s_addr)) {
1528 if (tr.tv_sec - n->last.tv_sec > 500) { /* XXX don't hardcode */
1537 now = localtime(&tr_sec);
1538 strftime(timebuf, sizeof(timebuf) - 1, "%b %e %k:%M:%S", now);
1539 printf("Mtrace %s at %s",
1540 len == 0 ? "query" :
1541 igmp->igmp_type == IGMP_MTRACE_RESP ? "response" :
1545 printf(" by %s", inet_fmt(recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, s1));
1546 if (!IN_MULTICAST(base.qhdr.tr_raddr))
1547 printf(", resp to %s", (len == 0 && recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr == base.qhdr.tr_raddr) ? "same" : inet_fmt(base.qhdr.tr_raddr, s1));
1549 printf(", respttl %d", TR_GETTTL(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid));
1550 printf(", qid %06x\n", qid = TR_GETQID(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid));
1551 printf("packet from %s to %s\n",
1552 inet_fmt(ip->ip_src.s_addr, s1),
1553 inet_fmt(ip->ip_dst.s_addr, s2));
1555 printf("from %s to %s via group %s (mxhop=%d)\n",
1556 inet_fmt(base.qhdr.tr_dst, s1), inet_fmt(base.qhdr.tr_src, s2),
1557 inet_fmt(igmp->igmp_group.s_addr, s3), igmp->igmp_code);
1562 r = base.resps + base.len - 1;
1564 * Some routers will return error messages without
1565 * filling in their addresses. We fill in the address
1568 if (r->tr_outaddr == 0)
1569 r->tr_outaddr = recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr;
1572 * If there was a previous trace, it see if this is a
1573 * statistics candidate.
1575 if (m && base.len == m->base.len &&
1576 !(pc = path_changed(&m->base, &base))) {
1578 * Some mtrace responders send multiple copies of the same
1579 * reply. Skip this packet if it's got the same query-id
1582 if (m->lastqid == qid) {
1583 printf("Skipping duplicate reply\n");
1591 bcopy(&base, m->new, sizeof(base));
1593 printf("Results after %d seconds:\n\n",
1594 (int)((m->new->qtime - m->base.qtime) >> 16));
1595 fixup_stats(&m->base, m->prev, m->new, m->bugs);
1596 print_stats(&m->base, m->prev, m->new, m->bugs, m->names);
1598 m->new = &m->incr[(m->nresp & 1)];
1604 m = (struct mtrace *)malloc(sizeof(struct mtrace));
1606 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory!\n");
1609 bzero(m, sizeof(struct mtrace));
1610 m->next = remembered;
1612 bcopy(&tr, &m->last, sizeof(tr));
1615 /* Either it's a hop-by-hop in progress, or the path changed. */
1617 printf("[Path Changed...]\n");
1618 bzero(m->bugs, sizeof(m->bugs));
1620 bcopy(&base, &m->base, sizeof(base));
1622 m->new = &m->incr[0];
1626 print_host(base.qhdr.tr_dst);
1628 print_trace(1, &base, m->names);
1629 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
1630 if ((r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (base.qhdr.tr_src & smask)) {
1631 printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1));
1632 print_host(base.qhdr.tr_src);
1634 } else if (r->tr_rmtaddr != 0) {
1635 printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1));
1636 print_host(r->tr_rmtaddr);
1637 printf(" %s\n", r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER ?
1638 "doesn't support mtrace"
1639 : "is the next hop");
1646 print_host(u_int32 addr)
1648 return print_host2(addr, 0);
1652 * On some routers, one interface has a name and the other doesn't.
1653 * We always print the address of the outgoing interface, but can
1654 * sometimes get the name from the incoming interface. This might be
1655 * confusing but should be slightly more helpful than just a "?".
1658 print_host2(u_int32 addr1, u_int32 addr2)
1663 printf("%s", inet_fmt(addr1, s1));
1666 name = inet_name(addr1);
1667 if (*name == '?' && *(name + 1) == '\0' && addr2 != 0)
1668 name = inet_name(addr2);
1669 printf("%s (%s)", name, inet_fmt(addr1, s1));
1674 * Print responses as received (reverse path from dst to src)
1677 print_trace(int idx, struct resp_buf *buf, char **names)
1686 r = buf->resps + i - 1;
1688 for (; i <= buf->len; ++i, ++r) {
1689 if (idx > 0) printf("%3d ", -i);
1690 name = print_host2(r->tr_outaddr, r->tr_inaddr);
1691 if (r->tr_rflags != TR_NO_RTE)
1692 printf(" %s thresh^ %d", proto_type(r->tr_rproto), r->tr_fttl);
1694 hop = t_diff(ntohl(r->tr_qarr), buf->qtime);
1696 printf(" %d%s", hop, ms);
1698 printf(" %s", flag_type(r->tr_rflags));
1699 if (i > 1 && r->tr_outaddr != (r-1)->tr_rmtaddr) {
1701 print_host((r-1)->tr_rmtaddr);
1703 if (r->tr_rflags != TR_NO_RTE) {
1704 if (r->tr_smask <= 1) /* MASK_TO_VAL() returns 1 for default */
1705 printf(" [default]");
1709 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
1710 printf(" [%s]", inet_fmts(buf->qhdr.tr_src & smask,
1717 names[i-1]=malloc(strlen(name) + 1);
1718 strcpy(names[i-1], name);
1723 * See what kind of router is the next hop
1726 what_kind(struct resp_buf *buf, char *why)
1730 int hops = buf->len;
1731 struct tr_resp *r = buf->resps + hops - 1;
1732 u_int32 next = r->tr_rmtaddr;
1734 retval = send_recv(next, IGMP_DVMRP, DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2, 1, &incr[0], NULL);
1737 u_int32 version = ntohl(incr[0].igmp.igmp_group.s_addr);
1738 u_int32 *p = (u_int32 *)incr[0].ndata;
1739 u_int32 *ep = p + (incr[0].len >> 2);
1740 char *type = "version ";
1743 switch (version & 0xFF) {
1745 type = "proteon/mrouted ";
1753 printf(" [%s%d.%d] %s\n",
1754 type, version & 0xFF, (version >> 8) & 0xFF,
1756 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
1758 u_int32 laddr = *p++;
1759 int flags = (ntohl(*p) & 0xFF00) >> 8;
1760 int n = ntohl(*p++) & 0xFF;
1761 if (!(flags & (DVMRP_NF_DOWN | DVMRP_NF_DISABLED)) &&
1762 (laddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) {
1763 printf("%3d ", -(hops+2));
1772 printf(" %s\n", why);
1780 if (*hop > -1000 && *hop < 10000)
1783 if (*hop > -1000 && *hop < 10000)
1789 * Calculate and print one line of packet loss and packet rate statistics.
1790 * Checks for count of all ones from mrouted 2.3 that doesn't have counters.
1797 stat_line(struct tr_resp *r, struct tr_resp *s, int have_next, int *rst)
1799 int timediff = (ntohl(s->tr_qarr) - ntohl(r->tr_qarr)) >> 16;
1802 int v_out = ntohl(s->tr_vifout) - ntohl(r->tr_vifout);
1803 int g_out = ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt);
1805 char v_str[8], g_str[8];
1806 int vhave = NEITHER;
1807 int ghave = NEITHER;
1808 int gmissing = NEITHER;
1812 if (timediff == 0) {
1814 /* Might be 32 bits of int seconds instead of 16int+16frac */
1815 timediff = ntohl(s->tr_qarr) - ntohl(r->tr_qarr);
1816 if (timediff == 0 || abs(timediff - statint) > statint)
1819 v_pps = v_out / timediff;
1820 g_pps = g_out / timediff;
1822 #define STATS_MISSING(x) ((x) == 0xFFFFFFFF)
1824 if (!STATS_MISSING(s->tr_vifout) && !STATS_MISSING(r->tr_vifout))
1826 if (STATS_MISSING(s->tr_pktcnt) || STATS_MISSING(r->tr_pktcnt))
1828 if (!(*rst & BUG_NOPRINT))
1833 if (!STATS_MISSING(s->tr_vifin) && !STATS_MISSING(r->tr_vifin))
1835 if (STATS_MISSING(s->tr_pktcnt) || STATS_MISSING(r->tr_pktcnt))
1837 if (!(*rst & BUG_NOPRINT))
1842 * Stats can be missing for any number of reasons:
1843 * - The hop may not be capable of collecting stats
1844 * - Traffic may be getting dropped at the previous hop
1845 * and so this hop may not have any state
1847 * We need a stronger heuristic to tell between these
1848 * two cases; in case 1 we don't want to print the stats
1849 * and in case 2 we want to print 100% loss. We used to
1850 * err on the side of not printing, which is less useful
1851 * than printing 100% loss and dealing with it.
1855 * If both hops report as missing, then it's likely that there's just
1856 * no traffic flowing.
1858 * If just one hop is missing, then we really don't have it.
1860 if (gmissing != BOTH)
1864 whochar = have_next ? '^' : ' ';
1867 v_lost = v_out - (ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin));
1868 if (v_out) v_pct = v_lost * 100 / v_out;
1870 if (-20 < v_pct && v_pct < 101 && v_out > 10)
1871 sprintf(v_str, "%3d%%", v_pct);
1872 else if (v_pct < -900 && v_out > 10)
1873 sprintf(v_str, "%3dx", (int)(-v_pct / 100. + 1.));
1874 else if (v_pct <= -20 && v_out > 10)
1875 sprintf(v_str, "%1.1fx", -v_pct / 100. + 1.);
1877 memcpy(v_str, " -- ", 5);
1880 printf("%6d/%-5d=%s", v_lost, v_out, v_str);
1883 printf("%4d pps", v_pps);
1884 if (v_pps && badtime)
1890 v_out = ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin);
1891 v_pps = v_out / timediff;
1897 printf(" %c%-5d ", whochar, v_out);
1899 printf(" %c", whochar);
1900 printf("%4d pps", v_pps);
1901 if (v_pps && badtime)
1907 if (ghave != NEITHER)
1916 whochar = have_next ? '^' : ' ';
1919 g_lost = g_out - (ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt));
1920 if (g_out) g_pct = g_lost * 100 / g_out;
1922 if (-20 < g_pct && g_pct < 101 && g_out > 10)
1923 sprintf(g_str, "%3d%%", g_pct);
1924 else if (g_pct < -900 && g_out > 10)
1925 sprintf(g_str, "%3dx", (int)(-g_pct / 100. + 1.));
1926 else if (g_pct <= -20 && g_out > 10)
1927 sprintf(g_str, "%1.1fx", -g_pct / 100. + 1.);
1929 memcpy(g_str, " -- ", 5);
1931 printf("%s%6d/%-5d=%s%4d pps",
1932 tunstats ? "" : " ", g_lost, g_out, g_str, g_pps);
1933 if (g_pps && badtime)
1940 g_out = ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt);
1941 g_pps = g_out / timediff;
1947 printf("%s ?/%-5d %4d pps",
1948 tunstats ? "" : " ", g_out, g_pps);
1962 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(s->tr_vifin));
1963 printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(s->tr_vifout));
1964 printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt));
1965 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(r->tr_vifin));
1966 printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(r->tr_vifout));
1967 printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt));
1968 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ",
1969 (long)(ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin)));
1970 printf("v_out: %ld ",
1971 (long)(ntohl(s->tr_vifout) - ntohl(r->tr_vifout)));
1972 printf("pkts: %ld ", (long)(ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt)));
1973 printf("time: %d\n", timediff);
1974 printf("\t\t\t\treset: %x hoptime: %lx\n", *rst, ntohl(s->tr_qarr));
1979 * A fixup to check if any pktcnt has been reset, and to fix the
1980 * byteorder bugs in mrouted 3.6 on little-endian machines.
1982 * XXX Since periodic traffic sources are likely to have their
1983 * pktcnt periodically reset, should we save old values when
1984 * the reset occurs to keep slightly better statistics over
1985 * the long term? (e.g. SAP)
1988 fixup_stats(struct resp_buf *base, struct resp_buf *prev, struct resp_buf *new,
1991 int rno = base->len;
1992 struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno;
1993 struct tr_resp *p = prev->resps + rno;
1994 struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno;
1995 int *r = bugs + rno;
1999 /* Check for byte-swappers. Only check on the first trace,
2000 * since long-running traces can wrap around and falsely trigger. */
2001 while (--rno >= 0) {
2003 u_int32 nvifout = ntohl(n->tr_vifout);
2004 u_int32 pvifout = ntohl(p->tr_vifout);
2007 #ifdef TEST_ONLY /*XXX this is still buggy, so disable it for release */
2008 if ((*r & BUG_SWAP) ||
2010 (nvifout - pvifout) > (byteswap(nvifout) - byteswap(pvifout)))) {
2011 if (1 || debug > 2) {
2012 printf("ip %s swaps; b %08x p %08x n %08x\n",
2013 inet_fmt(n->tr_inaddr, s1),
2014 ntohl(b->tr_vifout), pvifout, nvifout);
2016 /* This host sends byteswapped reports; swap 'em */
2017 if (!(*r & BUG_SWAP)) {
2019 b->tr_qarr = byteswap(b->tr_qarr);
2020 b->tr_vifin = byteswap(b->tr_vifin);
2021 b->tr_vifout = byteswap(b->tr_vifout);
2022 b->tr_pktcnt = byteswap(b->tr_pktcnt);
2025 n->tr_qarr = byteswap(n->tr_qarr);
2026 n->tr_vifin = byteswap(n->tr_vifin);
2027 n->tr_vifout = byteswap(n->tr_vifout);
2028 n->tr_pktcnt = byteswap(n->tr_pktcnt);
2032 * A missing parenthesis in mrouted 3.5-3.8's prune.c
2033 * causes extremely bogus time diff's.
2034 * One half of the time calculation was
2035 * inside an htonl() and one half wasn't. Therefore, on
2036 * a little-endian machine, both halves of the calculation
2037 * would get added together in the little end. Thus, the
2038 * low-order 2 bytes are either 0000 (no overflow) or
2039 * 0100 (overflow from the addition).
2041 * Odds are against these particular bit patterns
2042 * happening in both prev and new for actual time values.
2044 if ((*r & BUG_BOGUSTIME) || (((ntohl(n->tr_qarr) & 0xfeff) == 0x0000) &&
2045 ((ntohl(p->tr_qarr) & 0xfeff) == 0x0000))) {
2046 *r |= BUG_BOGUSTIME;
2047 n->tr_qarr = new->rtime;
2048 p->tr_qarr = prev->rtime;
2049 b->tr_qarr = base->rtime;
2054 b = base->resps + rno;
2055 p = prev->resps + rno;
2056 n = new->resps + rno;
2059 while (--rno >= 0) {
2062 * This hop has reset if:
2063 * - There were statistics in the base AND previous pass, AND
2064 * - There are less packets this time than the first time and
2065 * we didn't reset last time, OR
2066 * - There are less packets this time than last time, OR
2067 * - There are no statistics on this pass.
2069 * The "and we didn't reset last time" is necessary in the
2070 * first branch of the OR because if the base is large and
2071 * we reset last time but the constant-resetter-avoidance
2072 * code kicked in so we delayed the copy of prev to base,
2073 * new could still be below base so we trigger the
2074 * constant-resetter code even though it was really only
2077 res = ((b->tr_pktcnt != 0xFFFFFFFF) && (p->tr_pktcnt != 0xFFFFFFFF) &&
2078 ((!(*r & BUG_RESET) && ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) < ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt)) ||
2079 (ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) < ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt)) ||
2080 (n->tr_pktcnt == 0xFFFFFFFF)));
2082 printf("\t\tip=%s, r=%d, res=%d\n", inet_fmt(b->tr_inaddr, s1), *r, res);
2084 printf("\t\tbase=%ld, prev=%ld, new=%ld\n", ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt),
2085 ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt), ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt));
2087 if (*r & BUG_RESET) {
2088 if (res || (*r & BUG_RESET2X)) {
2090 * This router appears to be a 3.4 with that nasty ol'
2091 * neighbor version bug, which causes it to constantly
2092 * reset. Just nuke the statistics for this node, and
2093 * don't even bother giving it the benefit of the
2094 * doubt from now on.
2096 p->tr_pktcnt = b->tr_pktcnt = n->tr_pktcnt;
2100 * This is simply the situation that the original
2101 * fixup_stats was meant to deal with -- that a
2102 * 3.3 or 3.4 router deleted a cache entry while
2103 * traffic was still active.
2113 if (cleanup == 0) return;
2116 * If some hop reset its counters and didn't continue to
2117 * reset, then we pretend that the previous
2118 * trace was the first one.
2121 b = base->resps + rno;
2122 p = prev->resps + rno;
2124 while (--rno >= 0) (--b)->tr_pktcnt = (--p)->tr_pktcnt;
2125 base->qtime = prev->qtime;
2126 base->rtime = prev->rtime;
2130 * Check per-source losses along path and compare with threshold.
2133 check_thresh(int thresh, struct resp_buf *base, struct resp_buf *prev,
2134 struct resp_buf *new)
2136 int rno = base->len - 1;
2137 struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno;
2138 struct tr_resp *p = prev->resps + rno;
2139 struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno;
2143 if ((n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr) ||
2144 (n->tr_outaddr != b->tr_outaddr) ||
2145 (n->tr_rmtaddr != b->tr_rmtaddr))
2146 return 1; /* Route changed */
2148 if (rno-- < 1) break;
2149 g_out = ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt);
2151 g_lost = g_out - (ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt));
2152 if (g_out && ((g_lost * 100 + (g_out >> 1))/ g_out) > thresh) {
2160 * Print responses with statistics for forward path (from src to dst)
2163 print_stats(struct resp_buf *base, struct resp_buf *prev, struct resp_buf *new,
2164 int *bugs, char **names)
2169 int rno = base->len - 1;
2170 struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno;
2171 struct tr_resp *p = prev->resps + rno;
2172 struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno;
2173 int *r = bugs + rno;
2174 u_long resptime = new->rtime;
2175 u_long qarrtime = ntohl(n->tr_qarr);
2176 u_int ttl = MaX(1, n->tr_fttl) + 1;
2177 int first = (base == prev);
2179 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, b->tr_smask);
2180 printf(" Source Response Dest ");
2182 printf("Packet Statistics For Only For Traffic\n");
2184 printf("Overall Packet Statistics For Traffic From\n");
2185 inet_fmt(base->qhdr.tr_src, s1);
2186 printf("%-15s %-15s ",
2187 ((b->tr_inaddr & smask) == (base->qhdr.tr_src & smask)) ?
2189 inet_fmt(base->qhdr.tr_raddr, s2));
2190 inet_fmt(base->igmp.igmp_group.s_addr, s2);
2192 printf("All Multicast Traffic From %s\n", s1);
2194 printf("Packet %s To %s\n", s1, s2);
2195 rtt = t_diff(resptime, new->qtime);
2197 printf(" %c __/ rtt%5d%s ",
2198 (first && !verbose) ? 'v' : '|', rtt, ms);
2200 printf("Lost/Sent = Pct Rate To %s\n", s2);
2202 printf(" Rate Lost/Sent = Pct Rate\n");
2203 if (!first || verbose) {
2204 hop = t_diff(resptime, qarrtime);
2206 printf(" v / hop%5d%s ", hop, ms);
2208 printf("--------------------- --------------------\n");
2210 printf("------- ---------------------\n");
2212 if ((b->tr_inaddr & smask) != (base->qhdr.tr_src & smask) &&
2213 b->tr_rmtaddr != 0) {
2214 printf("%-15s %-14s is the previous hop\n", inet_fmt(b->tr_rmtaddr, s1),
2215 inet_name(b->tr_rmtaddr));
2219 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(n->tr_vifin));
2220 printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(n->tr_vifout));
2221 printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt));
2222 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(b->tr_vifin));
2223 printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(b->tr_vifout));
2224 printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt));
2225 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ",
2226 (long)(ntohl(n->tr_vifin) - ntohl(b->tr_vifin)));
2227 printf("v_out: %ld ",
2228 (long)(ntohl(n->tr_vifout) - ntohl(b->tr_vifout)));
2229 printf("pkts: %ld\n",
2230 (long)(ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt)));
2231 printf("\t\t\t\treset: %x hoptime: %lx\n", *r, (long)ntohl(n->tr_qarr));
2235 if ((n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr) ||
2236 (n->tr_outaddr != b->tr_outaddr) ||
2237 (n->tr_rmtaddr != b->tr_rmtaddr))
2238 return 1; /* Route changed */
2240 if ((n->tr_inaddr != n->tr_outaddr) && n->tr_inaddr)
2241 printf("%-15s\n", inet_fmt(n->tr_inaddr, s1));
2242 printf("%-15s %-14s %s%s\n", inet_fmt(n->tr_outaddr, s1), names[rno],
2243 flag_type(n->tr_rflags),
2244 (*r & BUG_NOPRINT) ? " [reset counters]" : "");
2246 if (rno-- < 1) break;
2248 printf(" %c ^ ttl%5d ", (first && !verbose) ? 'v' : '|',
2250 stat_line(p, n, TRUE, r);
2251 if (!first || verbose) {
2252 resptime = qarrtime;
2253 qarrtime = ntohl((n-1)->tr_qarr);
2254 hop = t_diff(resptime, qarrtime);
2256 printf(" v | hop%5d%s", hop, ms);
2260 stat_line(b, n, TRUE, r);
2264 ttl = MaX(ttl, MaX(1, n->tr_fttl) + base->len - rno);
2267 printf(" %c \\__ ttl%5d ", (first && !verbose) ? 'v' : '|',
2269 stat_line(p, n, FALSE, r);
2270 if (!first || verbose) {
2271 hop = t_diff(qarrtime, new->qtime);
2273 printf(" v \\ hop%5d%s", hop, ms);
2277 stat_line(b, n, FALSE, r);
2279 printf("%-15s %s\n", inet_fmt(base->qhdr.tr_dst, s1),
2280 !passive ? inet_fmt(lcl_addr, s2) : " * * * ");
2281 printf(" Receiver Query Source\n\n");
2286 * Determine whether or not the path has changed.
2289 path_changed(struct resp_buf *base, struct resp_buf *new)
2291 int rno = base->len - 1;
2292 struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno;
2293 struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno;
2295 while (rno-- >= 0) {
2296 if ((n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr) ||
2297 (n->tr_outaddr != b->tr_outaddr) ||
2298 (n->tr_rmtaddr != b->tr_rmtaddr))
2299 return 1; /* Route changed */
2300 if ((b->tr_rflags == TR_NO_RTE) &&
2301 (n->tr_rflags != TR_NO_RTE))
2302 return 1; /* Route got longer? */
2310 /***************************************************************************
2312 ***************************************************************************/
2315 main(int argc, char **argv)
2318 struct sockaddr_in addr;
2319 int addrlen = sizeof(addr);
2322 struct resp_buf *prev, *new;
2326 int hops, nexthop, tries;
2327 u_int32 lastout = 0;
2336 errx(1, "must be root");
2339 * We might get spawned by vat with the audio device open.
2340 * Close everything but stdin, stdout, stderr.
2342 for (i = 3; i < 255; i++)
2349 if (argc == 0) usage();
2351 while (argc > 0 && *argv[0] == '-') {
2352 char *p = *argv++; argc--;
2360 } else if (argc > 0) arg = argv[0];
2362 case 'd': /* Unlisted debug print option */
2363 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2365 if (debug < 0) debug = 0;
2366 if (debug > 3) debug = 3;
2367 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2371 case 'M': /* Use multicast for reponse */
2374 case 'U': /* Use unicast for response */
2377 case 'L': /* Trace w/ loss threshold */
2378 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2379 lossthresh = atoi(arg);
2383 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2388 case 'O': /* Don't use IP options */
2391 case 'P': /* Just watch the path */
2395 case 'Q': /* (undoc.) always use this QID */
2396 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2397 staticqid = atoi(arg);
2400 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2405 case 'T': /* Print confusing tunnel stats */
2408 case 'W': /* Cisco's "weak" mtrace */
2411 case 'V': /* Print version and exit */
2412 fprintf(stderr, "mtrace version 5.2\n");
2415 case 'l': /* Loop updating stats indefinitely */
2418 case 'n': /* Don't reverse map host addresses */
2421 case 'p': /* Passive listen for traces */
2424 case 'v': /* Verbosity */
2427 case 's': /* Short form, don't wait for stats */
2430 case 'w': /* Time to wait for packet arrival */
2431 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2432 timeout = atoi(arg);
2433 if (timeout < 1) timeout = 1;
2434 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2438 case 'f': /* first hop */
2439 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2441 if (qno > MAXHOPS) qno = MAXHOPS;
2442 else if (qno < 1) qno = 0;
2443 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2448 case 'm': /* Max number of hops to trace */
2449 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2451 if (qno > MAXHOPS) qno = MAXHOPS;
2452 else if (qno < 1) qno = 0;
2453 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2457 case 'q': /* Number of query retries */
2458 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2459 nqueries = atoi(arg);
2460 if (nqueries < 1) nqueries = 1;
2461 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2465 case 'g': /* Last-hop gateway (dest of query) */
2466 if (arg && (gwy = host_addr(arg))) {
2467 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2471 case 't': /* TTL for query packet */
2472 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2474 if (qttl < 1) qttl = 1;
2476 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2480 case 'e': /* Extra hops past non-responder */
2481 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2482 extrahops = atoi(arg);
2483 if (extrahops < 0) extrahops = 0;
2484 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2488 case 'r': /* Dest for response packet */
2489 if (arg && (raddr = host_addr(arg))) {
2490 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2494 case 'i': /* Local interface address */
2495 if (arg && (lcl_addr = host_addr(arg))) {
2496 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2500 case 'S': /* Stat accumulation interval */
2501 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2502 statint = atoi(arg);
2503 if (statint < 1) statint = 1;
2504 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2514 if (argc > 0 && (qsrc = host_addr(argv[0]))) { /* Source of path */
2515 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qsrc))) {
2517 /* Should probably rewrite arg parsing at some point, as
2518 * this makes "mtrace -g foo 224.1.2.3 224.2.3.4" valid!... */
2526 if (argc > 0 && (qdst = host_addr(argv[0]))) { /* Dest of path */
2528 if (argc > 0 && (qgrp = host_addr(argv[0]))) { /* Path via group */
2531 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qdst))) {
2532 u_int32 temp = qdst;
2535 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qdst))) usage();
2536 } else if (qgrp && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qgrp))) usage();
2551 checkforsolarisbug();
2555 * Set useful defaults for as many parameters as possible.
2558 defgrp = 0; /* Default to no group */
2559 query_cast = htonl(0xE0000002); /* All routers multicast addr */
2560 resp_cast = htonl(0xE0000120); /* Mtrace response multicast addr */
2564 if (printstats && numstats != 0 && !tunstats) {
2565 /* Stats are useless without a group */
2567 "WARNING: no multicast group specified, so no statistics printed");
2573 "WARNING: group was specified so not performing \"weak\" mtrace");
2577 * Get default local address for multicasts to use in setting defaults.
2579 addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
2580 #if (defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103))
2581 addr.sin_len = sizeof(addr);
2583 addr.sin_addr.s_addr = qgrp ? qgrp : query_cast;
2584 addr.sin_port = htons(2000); /* Any port above 1024 will do */
2587 * Note that getsockname() can return 0 on some systems
2588 * (notably SunOS 5.x, x < 6). This is taken care of in
2589 * get_netmask(). If the default multicast interface (set
2590 * with the route for 224.0.0.0) is not the same as the
2591 * hostname, mtrace -i [if_addr] will have to be used.
2593 if (((udp = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) ||
2594 (connect(udp, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) ||
2595 getsockname(udp, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addrlen) < 0)
2596 err(-1, "determining local address");
2600 * SunOS 5.X prior to SunOS 2.6, getsockname returns 0 for udp socket.
2601 * This call to sysinfo will return the hostname.
2602 * If the default multicast interfface (set with the route
2603 * for 224.0.0.0) is not the same as the hostname,
2604 * mtrace -i [if_addr] will have to be used.
2606 if (addr.sin_addr.s_addr == 0) {
2607 char myhostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
2611 error = sysinfo(SI_HOSTNAME, myhostname, sizeof(myhostname));
2613 err(1, "getting my hostname");
2615 hp = gethostbyname(myhostname);
2616 if (hp == NULL || hp->h_addrtype != AF_INET ||
2617 hp->h_length != sizeof(addr.sin_addr))
2618 err(1, "finding IP address for my hostname");
2620 memcpy((char *)&addr.sin_addr.s_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
2625 * Default destination for path to be queried is the local host.
2626 * When gateway specified, default destination is that gateway
2627 * and default source is local host.
2630 qdst = lcl_addr ? lcl_addr : addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
2631 dst_netmask = get_netmask(udp, &qdst);
2632 if (gwy && (gwy & dst_netmask) != (qdst & dst_netmask) &&
2633 !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(gwy)))
2636 if (qsrc == 0 && gwy)
2637 qsrc = lcl_addr ? lcl_addr : addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
2641 dst_netmask = get_netmask(udp, &qdst);
2643 if (lcl_addr == 0) lcl_addr = addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
2646 * Initialize the seed for random query identifiers.
2648 gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
2649 seed = tv.tv_usec ^ lcl_addr;
2655 * Protect against unicast queries to mrouted versions that might crash.
2656 * Also use the obsolete "can mtrace" neighbor bit to warn about
2657 * older implementations.
2659 if (gwy && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(gwy)))
2660 if (send_recv(gwy, IGMP_DVMRP, DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2, 1, &incr[0], NULL)) {
2661 int flags = ntohl(incr[0].igmp.igmp_group.s_addr);
2662 int version = flags & 0xFFFF;
2663 int info = (flags & 0xFF0000) >> 16;
2665 if (version == 0x0303 || version == 0x0503) {
2666 printf("Don't use -g to address an mrouted 3.%d, it might crash\n",
2667 (version >> 8) & 0xFF);
2670 if ((info & 0x08) == 0) {
2673 printf(" probably doesn't support mtrace, trying anyway...\n");
2677 printf("Mtrace from %s to %s via group %s\n",
2678 inet_fmt(qsrc, s1), inet_fmt(qdst, s2), inet_fmt(qgrp, s3));
2680 if ((qdst & dst_netmask) == (qsrc & dst_netmask))
2681 fprintf(stderr, "mtrace: Source & receiver appear to be directly connected\n");
2684 * If the response is to be a multicast address, make sure we
2685 * are listening on that multicast address.
2688 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr))) k_join(raddr, lcl_addr);
2689 } else k_join(resp_cast, lcl_addr);
2691 memset(&base, 0, sizeof(base));
2694 * If the destination is on the local net, the last-hop router can
2695 * be found by multicast to the all-routers multicast group.
2696 * Otherwise, use the group address that is the subject of the
2697 * query since by definition the last-hop router will be a member.
2698 * Set default TTLs for local remote multicasts.
2701 if ((qdst & dst_netmask) == (lcl_addr & dst_netmask)) tdst = query_cast;
2704 if (tdst == 0 && qgrp == 0)
2705 errx(1, "mtrace: weak mtrace requires -g if destination is not local.\n");
2707 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(tdst))) {
2708 k_set_loop(1); /* If I am running on a router, I need to hear this */
2709 if (tdst == query_cast) k_set_ttl(qttl ? qttl : 1);
2710 else k_set_ttl(qttl ? qttl : MULTICAST_TTL1);
2714 * Try a query at the requested number of hops or MAXHOPS if unspecified.
2719 printf("Querying full reverse path... ");
2725 printf("Querying full reverse path, starting at hop %d...", qno);
2727 printf("Querying reverse path, maximum %d hops... ", qno);
2734 recvlen = send_recv(tdst, IGMP_MTRACE, hops, tries, &base, mtrace_callback);
2737 * If the initial query was successful, print it. Otherwise, if
2738 * the query max hop count is the default of zero, loop starting
2739 * from one until there is no response for extrahops more hops. The
2740 * extra hops allow getting past an mtrace-capable mrouter that can't
2741 * send multicast packets because all phyints are disabled.
2747 print_trace(1, &base, names);
2748 r = base.resps + base.len - 1;
2749 if (r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER || r->tr_rflags == TR_NO_SPACE ||
2750 (qno != 0 && r->tr_rmtaddr != 0 && !fflag)) {
2751 printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1));
2752 what_kind(&base, r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER ?
2753 "doesn't support mtrace"
2754 : "is the next hop");
2757 nexthop = hops = qno;
2760 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
2761 if ((r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) {
2762 printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1));
2767 } else if (qno == 0) {
2769 printf("switching to hop-by-hop:\n 0 ");
2773 for (hops = 1, nexthop = 1; hops <= MAXHOPS; ++hops) {
2774 printf("%3d ", -hops);
2778 * After a successful first hop, try switching to the unicast
2779 * address of the last-hop router instead of multicasting the
2780 * trace query. This should be safe for mrouted versions 3.3
2781 * and 3.5 because there is a long route timeout with metric
2782 * infinity before a route disappears. Switching to unicast
2783 * reduces the amount of multicast traffic and avoids a bug
2784 * with duplicate suppression in mrouted 3.5.
2786 if (hops == 2 && gwy == 0 && lastout != 0 &&
2787 (recvlen = send_recv(lastout, IGMP_MTRACE, hops, 1, &base, mtrace_callback)))
2789 else recvlen = send_recv(tdst, IGMP_MTRACE, hops, nqueries, &base, mtrace_callback);
2792 /*if (hops == 1) break;*/
2793 if (hops == nexthop) {
2796 } else if (what_kind(&base, "didn't respond")) {
2797 /* the ask_neighbors determined that the
2798 * not-responding router is the first-hop. */
2803 } else if (hops < nexthop + extrahops) {
2806 printf("...giving up\n");
2811 if (base.len == hops &&
2812 (hops == 1 || (base.resps+nexthop-2)->tr_outaddr == lastout)) {
2813 if (hops == nexthop) {
2814 print_trace(-hops, &base, names);
2816 printf("\nResuming...\n");
2817 print_trace(nexthop, &base, names);
2820 if (base.len < hops) {
2822 * A shorter trace than requested means a fatal error
2823 * occurred along the path, or that the route changed
2826 * If the trace is longer than the last one we received,
2827 * then we are resuming from a skipped router (but there
2828 * is still probably a problem).
2830 * If the trace is shorter than the last one we
2831 * received, then the route must have changed (and
2832 * there is still probably a problem).
2834 if (nexthop <= base.len) {
2835 printf("\nResuming...\n");
2836 print_trace(nexthop, &base, names);
2837 } else if (nexthop > base.len + 1) {
2839 printf("\nRoute must have changed...\n");
2840 print_trace(1, &base, names);
2844 * The last hop address is not the same as it was.
2845 * If we didn't know the last hop then we just
2846 * got the first response from a hop-by-hop trace;
2847 * if we did know the last hop then
2848 * the route probably changed underneath us.
2852 printf("\nRoute must have changed...\n");
2854 printf("\nResuming...\n");
2855 print_trace(1, &base, names);
2859 r = base.resps + base.len - 1;
2860 lastout = r->tr_outaddr;
2862 if (base.len < hops ||
2863 r->tr_rmtaddr == 0 ||
2864 (r->tr_rflags & 0x80)) {
2865 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
2866 if (r->tr_rmtaddr) {
2867 if (hops != nexthop) {
2868 printf("\n%3d ", -(base.len+1));
2870 what_kind(&base, r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER ?
2871 "doesn't support mtrace" :
2872 "would be the next hop");
2873 /* XXX could do segmented trace if TR_NO_SPACE */
2874 } else if (r->tr_rflags == TR_NO_ERR &&
2875 (r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) {
2876 printf("%3d ", -(hops + 1));
2887 if (base.rtime == 0) {
2888 printf("Timed out receiving responses\n");
2889 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(tdst)))
2890 if (tdst == query_cast)
2891 printf("Perhaps no local router has a route for source %s\n",
2892 inet_fmt(qsrc, s1));
2894 printf("Perhaps receiver %s is not a member of group %s,\n\
2895 or no router local to it has a route for source %s,\n\
2896 or multicast at ttl %d doesn't reach its last-hop router for that source\n",
2897 inet_fmt(qdst, s2), inet_fmt(qgrp, s3), inet_fmt(qsrc, s1),
2898 qttl ? qttl : MULTICAST_TTL1);
2902 printf("Round trip time %d ms; ", t_diff(base.rtime, base.qtime));
2904 struct tr_resp *n = base.resps + base.len - 1;
2905 u_int ttl = n->tr_fttl + 1;
2910 ttl = MaX(ttl, MaX(1, n->tr_fttl) + base.len - rno);
2912 printf("total ttl of %d required.\n\n",ttl);
2916 * Use the saved response which was the longest one received,
2917 * and make additional probes after delay to measure loss.
2919 raddr = base.qhdr.tr_raddr;
2920 rttl = TR_GETTTL(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid);
2921 gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
2922 waittime = statint - (((tv.tv_sec + JAN_1970) & 0xFFFF) - (base.qtime >> 16));
2924 new = &incr[numstats&1];
2927 * Zero out bug-avoidance counters
2929 memset(bugs, 0, sizeof(bugs));
2932 printf("Monitoring path..");
2934 while (numstats--) {
2935 if (waittime < 1) printf("\n");
2937 if (printstats && (lossthresh == 0 || printed)) {
2938 printf("Waiting to accumulate statistics...");
2943 sleep((unsigned)waittime);
2946 rno = hopbyhop ? base.len : qno ? qno : MAXHOPS;
2947 recvlen = send_recv(tdst, IGMP_MTRACE, rno, nqueries, new, mtrace_callback);
2950 printf("Timed out.\n");
2958 if (base.len != new->len || path_changed(&base, new)) {
2959 printf("%s", base.len == new->len ? "Route changed" :
2960 "Trace length doesn't match");
2962 printf(" after %d seconds",
2963 (int)((new->qtime - base.qtime) >> 16));
2966 print_trace(1, new, names);
2968 bcopy(new, &base, sizeof(base));
2969 nexthop = hops = new->len;
2970 printf("Continuing with hop-by-hop...\n");
2975 if (new->igmp.igmp_group.s_addr != qgrp ||
2976 new->qhdr.tr_src != qsrc || new->qhdr.tr_dst != qdst)
2977 printf("\nWARNING: trace modified en route; statistics may be incorrect\n");
2978 fixup_stats(&base, prev, new, bugs);
2979 if ((lossthresh == 0) || check_thresh(lossthresh, &base, prev, new)) {
2980 printf("Results after %d seconds",
2981 (int)((new->qtime - base.qtime) >> 16));
2983 printf(" (this trace %d seconds)",
2984 (int)((new->qtime - prev->qtime) >> 16));
2987 struct tm *qr = localtime(&t);
2989 printf(" qid 0x%06x at %2d:%02d:%02d",
2990 TR_GETQID(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid),
2991 qr->tm_hour, qr->tm_min, qr->tm_sec);
2995 if (print_stats(&base, prev, new, bugs, names)) {
2996 printf("This should have been detected earlier, but ");
2997 printf("Route changed:\n");
2998 goto printandcontinue;
3003 new = &incr[numstats&1];
3008 * If the response was multicast back, leave the group
3011 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr))) k_leave(raddr, lcl_addr);
3012 } else k_leave(resp_cast, lcl_addr);
3020 fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n",
3021 "usage: mtrace [-MUOPTWVlnpvs] [-e extra_hops] [-f first_hop] [-i if_addr]",
3022 " [-g gateway] [-m max_hops] [-q nqueries] [-r resp_dest]",
3023 " [-S statint] [-t ttl] [-w wait] source [receiver] [group]");
3028 check_vif_state(void)
3030 dolog(LOG_WARNING, errno, "sendto");
3034 * Log errors and other messages to stderr, according to the severity
3035 * of the message and the current debug level. For errors of severity
3036 * LOG_ERR or worse, terminate the program.
3039 dolog(int severity, int syserr, char *format, ...)
3044 va_start(ap, format);
3047 case 0: if (severity > LOG_WARNING) return;
3048 case 1: if (severity > LOG_NOTICE) return;
3049 case 2: if (severity > LOG_INFO ) return;
3052 if (severity == LOG_WARNING)
3053 strcpy(fmt, "warning - ");
3054 strncat(fmt, format, sizeof(fmt)-strlen(fmt));
3055 fmt[sizeof(fmt)-1]='\0';
3056 vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
3058 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
3059 else if (syserr < sys_nerr)
3060 fprintf(stderr, ": %s\n", sys_errlist[syserr]);
3062 fprintf(stderr, ": errno %d\n", syserr);
3064 if (severity <= LOG_ERR) exit(1);