crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c

   1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.210 2011/04/18 00:46:05 djm Exp $ */
   2 /*
   3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
   4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
   5  *                    All rights reserved
   6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
   7  *
   8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
   9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
  10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
  11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
  12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
  13  */
  14
  15 #include "includes.h"
  16
  17 #include <sys/types.h>
  18 #include <sys/socket.h>
  19 #include <sys/stat.h>
  20 #include <sys/param.h>
  21
  22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
  23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
  24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
  25
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <fcntl.h>
  28 #include <netdb.h>
  29 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
  30 # include <paths.h>
  31 #endif
  32 #include <pwd.h>
  33 #include <stdarg.h>
  34 #include <stdio.h>
  35 #include <stdlib.h>
  36 #include <string.h>
  37 #include <unistd.h>
  38
  39 #include "xmalloc.h"
  40 #include "key.h"
  41 #include "rsa.h"
  42 #include "authfile.h"
  43 #include "uuencode.h"
  44 #include "buffer.h"
  45 #include "pathnames.h"
  46 #include "log.h"
  47 #include "misc.h"
  48 #include "match.h"
  49 #include "hostfile.h"
  50 #include "dns.h"
  51 #include "ssh2.h"
  52 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
  53
  54 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
  55 #define DEFAULT_BITS            2048
  56 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA        1024
  57 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA      256
  58 u_int32_t bits = 0;
  59
  60 /*
  61  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
  62  * set on the command line.
  63  */
  64 int change_passphrase = 0;
  65
  66 /*
  67  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
  68  * on the command line.
  69  */
  70 int change_comment = 0;
  71
  72 int quiet = 0;
  73
  74 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
  75
  76 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
  77 int hash_hosts = 0;
  78 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
  79 int find_host = 0;
  80 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
  81 int delete_host = 0;
  82
  83 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
  84 int show_cert = 0;
  85
  86 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
  87 int print_fingerprint = 0;
  88 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
  89
  90 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
  91 char identity_file[1024];
  92 int have_identity = 0;
  93
  94 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
  95 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
  96
  97 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
  98 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
  99
 100 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
 101 char *identity_comment = NULL;
 102
 103 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
 104 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
 105
 106 /* Certificate serial number */
 107 long long cert_serial = 0;
 108
 109 /* Key type when certifying */
 110 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
 111
 112 /* "key ID" of signed key */
 113 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
 114
 115 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
 116 char *cert_principals = NULL;
 117
 118 /* Validity period for certificates */
 119 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
 120 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
 121
 122 /* Certificate options */
 123 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD   (1)
 124 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD       (1<<1)
 125 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD        (1<<2)
 126 #define CERTOPT_PTY             (1<<3)
 127 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
 128 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
 129                          CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
 130 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
 131 char *certflags_command = NULL;
 132 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
 133
 134 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
 135 int convert_to = 0;
 136 int convert_from = 0;
 137 enum {
 138         FMT_RFC4716,
 139         FMT_PKCS8,
 140         FMT_PEM
 141 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
 142 int print_public = 0;
 143 int print_generic = 0;
 144
 145 char *key_type_name = NULL;
 146
 147 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
 148 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
 149
 150 /* argv0 */
 151 extern char *__progname;
 152
 153 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 154
 155 /* moduli.c */
 156 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
 157 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t);
 158
 159 static void
 160 type_bits_valid(int type, u_int32_t *bitsp)
 161 {
 162         u_int maxbits;
 163
 164         if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
 165                 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
 166                 exit(1);
 167         }
 168         if (*bitsp == 0) {
 169                 if (type == KEY_DSA)
 170                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
 171                 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA)
 172                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
 173                 else
 174                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
 175         }
 176         maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
 177             OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
 178         if (*bitsp > maxbits) {
 179                 fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
 180                 exit(1);
 181         }
 182         if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
 183                 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
 184         else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && *bitsp < 768)
 185                 fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
 186         else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && key_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
 187                 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
 188                     "256, 384 or 521 bits");
 189 }
 190
 191 static void
 192 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
 193 {
 194         char buf[1024];
 195         char *name = NULL;
 196
 197         if (key_type_name == NULL)
 198                 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 199         else {
 200                 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
 201                 case KEY_RSA1:
 202                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
 203                         break;
 204                 case KEY_DSA_CERT:
 205                 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
 206                 case KEY_DSA:
 207                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
 208                         break;
 209 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 210                 case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
 211                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 212                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
 213                         break;
 214 #endif
 215                 case KEY_RSA_CERT:
 216                 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
 217                 case KEY_RSA:
 218                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 219                         break;
 220                 default:
 221                         fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
 222                         exit(1);
 223                         break;
 224                 }
 225         }
 226         snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
 227         fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
 228         if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
 229                 exit(1);
 230         buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
 231         if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
 232                 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
 233         have_identity = 1;
 234 }
 235
 236 static Key *
 237 load_identity(char *filename)
 238 {
 239         char *pass;
 240         Key *prv;
 241
 242         prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
 243         if (prv == NULL) {
 244                 if (identity_passphrase)
 245                         pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
 246                 else
 247                         pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
 248                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 249                 prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
 250                 memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
 251                 xfree(pass);
 252         }
 253         return prv;
 254 }
 255
 256 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN            "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 257 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END              "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 258 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN           "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
 259 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC       0x3f6ff9eb
 260
 261 static void
 262 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
 263 {
 264         u_int len;
 265         u_char *blob;
 266         char comment[61];
 267
 268         if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
 269                 fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
 270                 exit(1);
 271         }
 272         /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
 273         snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
 274             "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
 275             key_size(k), key_type(k),
 276             pw->pw_name, hostname);
 277
 278         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
 279         fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
 280         dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
 281         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
 282         key_free(k);
 283         xfree(blob);
 284         exit(0);
 285 }
 286
 287 static void
 288 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
 289 {
 290         switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
 291         case KEY_RSA:
 292                 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
 293                         fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
 294                 break;
 295         case KEY_DSA:
 296                 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
 297                         fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
 298                 break;
 299 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 300         case KEY_ECDSA:
 301                 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
 302                         fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
 303                 break;
 304 #endif
 305         default:
 306                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
 307         }
 308         exit(0);
 309 }
 310
 311 static void
 312 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
 313 {
 314         switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
 315         case KEY_RSA:
 316                 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
 317                         fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
 318                 break;
 319 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 320         case KEY_DSA:
 321                 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
 322                         fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
 323                 break;
 324 #endif
 325         /* XXX ECDSA? */
 326         default:
 327                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
 328         }
 329         exit(0);
 330 }
 331
 332 static void
 333 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
 334 {
 335         Key *k;
 336         struct stat st;
 337
 338         if (!have_identity)
 339                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 340         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 341                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 342         if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
 343                 if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
 344                         fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
 345                         exit(1);
 346                 }
 347         }
 348         if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
 349                 fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
 350                 exit(1);
 351         }
 352
 353         switch (convert_format) {
 354         case FMT_RFC4716:
 355                 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
 356                 break;
 357         case FMT_PKCS8:
 358                 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
 359                 break;
 360         case FMT_PEM:
 361                 do_convert_to_pem(k);
 362                 break;
 363         default:
 364                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 365         }
 366         exit(0);
 367 }
 368
 369 static void
 370 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
 371 {
 372         u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
 373         u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
 374
 375         if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
 376                 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
 377                     "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
 378         if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
 379                 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
 380         buffer_consume(b, bytes);
 381 }
 382
 383 static Key *
 384 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
 385 {
 386         Buffer b;
 387         Key *key = NULL;
 388         char *type, *cipher;
 389         u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
 390         int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
 391         u_int slen;
 392         u_long e;
 393
 394         buffer_init(&b);
 395         buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
 396
 397         magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
 398         if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
 399                 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
 400                 buffer_free(&b);
 401                 return NULL;
 402         }
 403         i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 404         type   = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
 405         cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
 406         i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 407         i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 408         i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 409         debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
 410         if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
 411                 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
 412                 xfree(cipher);
 413                 buffer_free(&b);
 414                 xfree(type);
 415                 return NULL;
 416         }
 417         xfree(cipher);
 418
 419         if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
 420                 ktype = KEY_DSA;
 421         } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
 422                 ktype = KEY_RSA;
 423         } else {
 424                 buffer_free(&b);
 425                 xfree(type);
 426                 return NULL;
 427         }
 428         key = key_new_private(ktype);
 429         xfree(type);
 430
 431         switch (key->type) {
 432         case KEY_DSA:
 433                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
 434                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
 435                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
 436                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
 437                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
 438                 break;
 439         case KEY_RSA:
 440                 e = buffer_get_char(&b);
 441                 debug("e %lx", e);
 442                 if (e < 30) {
 443                         e <<= 8;
 444                         e += buffer_get_char(&b);
 445                         debug("e %lx", e);
 446                         e <<= 8;
 447                         e += buffer_get_char(&b);
 448                         debug("e %lx", e);
 449                 }
 450                 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
 451                         buffer_free(&b);
 452                         key_free(key);
 453                         return NULL;
 454                 }
 455                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
 456                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
 457                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
 458                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
 459                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
 460                 rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
 461                 break;
 462         }
 463         rlen = buffer_len(&b);
 464         if (rlen != 0)
 465                 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
 466                     "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
 467         buffer_free(&b);
 468
 469         /* try the key */
 470         key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
 471         key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
 472         xfree(sig);
 473         return key;
 474 }
 475
 476 static int
 477 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
 478 {
 479         int c;
 480         size_t pos = 0;
 481
 482         line[0] = '\0';
 483         while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
 484                 if (pos >= len - 1) {
 485                         fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
 486                         exit(1);
 487                 }
 488                 switch (c) {
 489                 case '\r':
 490                         c = fgetc(fp);
 491                         if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
 492                                 fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 493                                 exit(1);
 494                         }
 495                         return pos;
 496                 case '\n':
 497                         return pos;
 498                 }
 499                 line[pos++] = c;
 500                 line[pos] = '\0';
 501         }
 502         /* We reached EOF */
 503         return -1;
 504 }
 505
 506 static void
 507 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
 508 {
 509         int blen;
 510         u_int len;
 511         char line[1024];
 512         u_char blob[8096];
 513         char encoded[8096];
 514         int escaped = 0;
 515         FILE *fp;
 516
 517         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 518                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 519         encoded[0] = '\0';
 520         while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
 521                 if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
 522                         escaped++;
 523                 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
 524                     strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
 525                         if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
 526                                 *private = 1;
 527                         if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
 528                                 break;
 529                         }
 530                         /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
 531                         continue;
 532                 }
 533                 if (escaped) {
 534                         escaped--;
 535                         /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
 536                         continue;
 537                 }
 538                 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
 539         }
 540         len = strlen(encoded);
 541         if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
 542             (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
 543             (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
 544             (encoded[len-3] == '='))
 545                 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
 546         blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
 547         if (blen < 0) {
 548                 fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
 549                 exit(1);
 550         }
 551         *k = *private ?
 552             do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
 553             key_from_blob(blob, blen);
 554         if (*k == NULL) {
 555                 fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
 556                 exit(1);
 557         }
 558         fclose(fp);
 559 }
 560
 561 static void
 562 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
 563 {
 564         EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
 565         FILE *fp;
 566
 567         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 568                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 569         if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
 570                 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
 571                     identity_file);
 572         }
 573         fclose(fp);
 574         switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
 575         case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
 576                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 577                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 578                 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
 579                 break;
 580         case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
 581                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 582                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 583                 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
 584                 break;
 585 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 586         case EVP_PKEY_EC:
 587                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 588                 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
 589                 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
 590                 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = key_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
 591                 break;
 592 #endif
 593         default:
 594                 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
 595                     EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
 596         }
 597         EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
 598         return;
 599 }
 600
 601 static void
 602 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
 603 {
 604         FILE *fp;
 605         RSA *rsa;
 606 #ifdef notyet
 607         DSA *dsa;
 608 #endif
 609
 610         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 611                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 612         if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 613                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 614                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 615                 (*k)->rsa = rsa;
 616                 fclose(fp);
 617                 return;
 618         }
 619 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 620         rewind(fp);
 621         if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 622                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 623                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 624                 (*k)->dsa = dsa;
 625                 fclose(fp);
 626                 return;
 627         }
 628         /* XXX ECDSA */
 629 #endif
 630         fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
 631 }
 632
 633 static void
 634 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
 635 {
 636         Key *k = NULL;
 637         int private = 0, ok = 0;
 638         struct stat st;
 639
 640         if (!have_identity)
 641                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 642         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 643                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 644
 645         switch (convert_format) {
 646         case FMT_RFC4716:
 647                 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
 648                 break;
 649         case FMT_PKCS8:
 650                 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
 651                 break;
 652         case FMT_PEM:
 653                 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
 654                 break;
 655         default:
 656                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 657         }
 658
 659         if (!private)
 660                 ok = key_write(k, stdout);
 661                 if (ok)
 662                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 663         else {
 664                 switch (k->type) {
 665                 case KEY_DSA:
 666                         ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
 667                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 668                         break;
 669 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 670                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 671                         ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
 672                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 673                         break;
 674 #endif
 675                 case KEY_RSA:
 676                         ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
 677                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 678                         break;
 679                 default:
 680                         fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
 681                             key_type(k));
 682                 }
 683         }
 684
 685         if (!ok) {
 686                 fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
 687                 exit(1);
 688         }
 689         key_free(k);
 690         exit(0);
 691 }
 692
 693 static void
 694 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
 695 {
 696         Key *prv;
 697         struct stat st;
 698
 699         if (!have_identity)
 700                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 701         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 702                 perror(identity_file);
 703                 exit(1);
 704         }
 705         prv = load_identity(identity_file);
 706         if (prv == NULL) {
 707                 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
 708                 exit(1);
 709         }
 710         if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
 711                 fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
 712         key_free(prv);
 713         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 714         exit(0);
 715 }
 716
 717 static void
 718 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
 719 {
 720 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
 721         Key **keys = NULL;
 722         int i, nkeys;
 723
 724         pkcs11_init(0);
 725         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
 726         if (nkeys <= 0)
 727                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
 728         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
 729                 key_write(keys[i], stdout);
 730                 key_free(keys[i]);
 731                 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 732         }
 733         xfree(keys);
 734         pkcs11_terminate();
 735         exit(0);
 736 #else
 737         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
 738 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
 739 }
 740
 741 static void
 742 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
 743 {
 744         FILE *f;
 745         Key *public;
 746         char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
 747         int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
 748         enum fp_rep rep;
 749         enum fp_type fptype;
 750         struct stat st;
 751
 752         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 753         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 754
 755         if (!have_identity)
 756                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 757         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 758                 perror(identity_file);
 759                 exit(1);
 760         }
 761         public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
 762         if (public != NULL) {
 763                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 764                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 765                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
 766                     key_type(public));
 767                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 768                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 769                 key_free(public);
 770                 xfree(comment);
 771                 xfree(ra);
 772                 xfree(fp);
 773                 exit(0);
 774         }
 775         if (comment) {
 776                 xfree(comment);
 777                 comment = NULL;
 778         }
 779
 780         if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 781                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 782
 783         while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
 784                 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
 785                         error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
 786                             num + 1, line);
 787                         skip = 1;
 788                         continue;
 789                 }
 790                 num++;
 791                 if (skip) {
 792                         skip = 0;
 793                         continue;
 794                 }
 795                 *cp = '\0';
 796
 797                 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
 798                 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
 799                         ;
 800                 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
 801                         continue;
 802                 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
 803                 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
 804                         int quoted = 0;
 805                         comment = cp;
 806                         for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
 807                             *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
 808                                 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
 809                                         cp++;   /* Skip both */
 810                                 else if (*cp == '"')
 811                                         quoted = !quoted;
 812                         }
 813                         if (!*cp)
 814                                 continue;
 815                         *cp++ = '\0';
 816                 }
 817                 ep = cp;
 818                 public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
 819                 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
 820                         cp = ep;
 821                         key_free(public);
 822                         public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 823                         if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
 824                                 key_free(public);
 825                                 continue;
 826                         }
 827                 }
 828                 comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
 829                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 830                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 831                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
 832                     comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
 833                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 834                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 835                 xfree(ra);
 836                 xfree(fp);
 837                 key_free(public);
 838                 invalid = 0;
 839         }
 840         fclose(f);
 841
 842         if (invalid) {
 843                 printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
 844                 exit(1);
 845         }
 846         exit(0);
 847 }
 848
 849 static void
 850 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
 851 {
 852         struct {
 853                 char *key_type;
 854                 char *key_type_display;
 855                 char *path;
 856         } key_types[] = {
 857                 { "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
 858                 { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
 859                 { "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
 860                 { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
 861                 { NULL, NULL, NULL }
 862         };
 863
 864         int first = 0;
 865         struct stat st;
 866         Key *private, *public;
 867         char comment[1024];
 868         int i, type, fd;
 869         FILE *f;
 870
 871         for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
 872                 if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
 873                         continue;
 874                 if (errno != ENOENT) {
 875                         printf("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
 876                             strerror(errno));
 877                         first = 0;
 878                         continue;
 879                 }
 880
 881                 if (first == 0) {
 882                         first = 1;
 883                         printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
 884                 }
 885                 printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
 886                 fflush(stdout);
 887                 arc4random_stir();
 888                 type = key_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
 889                 strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
 890                 bits = 0;
 891                 type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
 892                 private = key_generate(type, bits);
 893                 if (private == NULL) {
 894                         fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
 895                         first = 0;
 896                         continue;
 897                 }
 898                 public  = key_from_private(private);
 899                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
 900                     hostname);
 901                 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, "", comment)) {
 902                         printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
 903                         key_free(private);
 904                         key_free(public);
 905                         first = 0;
 906                         continue;
 907                 }
 908                 key_free(private);
 909                 arc4random_stir();
 910                 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
 911                 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
 912                 if (fd == -1) {
 913                         printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n",
 914                             identity_file);
 915                         key_free(public);
 916                         first = 0;
 917                         continue;
 918                 }
 919                 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
 920                 if (f == NULL) {
 921                         printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
 922                         key_free(public);
 923                         first = 0;
 924                         continue;
 925                 }
 926                 if (!key_write(public, f)) {
 927                         fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
 928                         key_free(public);
 929                         first = 0;
 930                         continue;
 931                 }
 932                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
 933                 fclose(f);
 934                 key_free(public);
 935
 936         }
 937         if (first != 0)
 938                 printf("\n");
 939 }
 940
 941 static void
 942 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
 943 {
 944         if (print_fingerprint) {
 945                 enum fp_rep rep;
 946                 enum fp_type fptype;
 947                 char *fp, *ra;
 948
 949                 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 950                 rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 951                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 952                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 953                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
 954                     key_type(public));
 955                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 956                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 957                 xfree(ra);
 958                 xfree(fp);
 959         } else {
 960                 if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
 961                         fatal("hash_host failed");
 962                 fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
 963                 if (!key_write(public, f))
 964                         fatal("key_write failed");
 965                 fprintf(f, "\n");
 966         }
 967 }
 968
 969 static void
 970 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
 971 {
 972         FILE *in, *out = stdout;
 973         Key *pub;
 974         char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
 975         char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
 976         int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
 977         int ca;
 978
 979         if (!have_identity) {
 980                 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
 981                 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
 982                     sizeof(identity_file))
 983                         fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
 984                 xfree(cp);
 985                 have_identity = 1;
 986         }
 987         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 988                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 989
 990         /*
 991          * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
 992          * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
 993          */
 994         if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
 995                 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
 996                     strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
 997                     strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
 998                     strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
 999                         fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1000                 umask(077);
1001                 if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1002                         fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1003                 if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
1004                         c = errno;
1005                         unlink(tmp);
1006                         fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
1007                 }
1008                 inplace = 1;
1009         }
1010
1011         while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
1012                 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
1013                         error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
1014                         skip = 1;
1015                         invalid = 1;
1016                         continue;
1017                 }
1018                 num++;
1019                 if (skip) {
1020                         skip = 0;
1021                         continue;
1022                 }
1023                 *cp = '\0';
1024
1025                 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
1026                 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1027                         ;
1028                 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
1029                         if (inplace)
1030                                 fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
1031                         continue;
1032                 }
1033                 /* Check whether this is a CA key */
1034                 if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
1035                     (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
1036                     cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
1037                         ca = 1;
1038                         cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
1039                 } else
1040                         ca = 0;
1041
1042                 /* Find the end of the host name portion. */
1043                 for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
1044                         ;
1045
1046                 if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
1047                         error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
1048                             num, line);
1049                         invalid = 1;
1050                         continue;
1051                 }
1052                 *kp++ = '\0';
1053                 kp2 = kp;
1054
1055                 pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
1056                 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1057                         kp = kp2;
1058                         key_free(pub);
1059                         pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
1060                         if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1061                                 error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
1062                                     num, line);
1063                                 key_free(pub);
1064                                 invalid = 1;
1065                                 continue;
1066                         }
1067                 }
1068
1069                 if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
1070                         if (find_host || delete_host) {
1071                                 cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
1072                                 if (cp2 == NULL) {
1073                                         error("line %d: invalid hashed "
1074                                             "name: %.64s...", num, line);
1075                                         invalid = 1;
1076                                         continue;
1077                                 }
1078                                 c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
1079                                 if (find_host && c) {
1080                                         printf("# Host %s found: "
1081                                             "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1082                                             num, key_type(pub),
1083                                             ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1084                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1085                                 }
1086                                 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
1087                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1088                         } else if (hash_hosts)
1089                                 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1090                 } else {
1091                         if (find_host || delete_host) {
1092                                 c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
1093                                     strlen(cp)) == 1);
1094                                 if (find_host && c) {
1095                                         printf("# Host %s found: "
1096                                             "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1097                                             num, key_type(pub),
1098                                             ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1099                                         printhost(out, name, pub,
1100                                             ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
1101                                 }
1102                                 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
1103                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1104                         } else if (hash_hosts) {
1105                                 for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
1106                                     cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
1107                                     cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
1108                                         if (ca) {
1109                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1110                                                     "ignoring CA key for host: "
1111                                                     "%.64s\n", cp2);
1112                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1113                                         } else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
1114                                             strlen(cp2)) {
1115                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1116                                                     "ignoring host name with "
1117                                                     "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
1118                                                     cp2);
1119                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1120                                         } else
1121                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
1122                                 }
1123                                 has_unhashed = 1;
1124                         }
1125                 }
1126                 key_free(pub);
1127         }
1128         fclose(in);
1129
1130         if (invalid) {
1131                 fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
1132                     identity_file);
1133                 if (inplace) {
1134                         fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1135                             "file because of errors\n");
1136                         fclose(out);
1137                         unlink(tmp);
1138                 }
1139                 exit(1);
1140         }
1141
1142         if (inplace) {
1143                 fclose(out);
1144
1145                 /* Backup existing file */
1146                 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1147                         fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1148                 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1149                         fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1150                             strerror(errno));
1151                 /* Move new one into place */
1152                 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1153                         error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1154                             strerror(errno));
1155                         unlink(tmp);
1156                         unlink(old);
1157                         exit(1);
1158                 }
1159
1160                 fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1161                 fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1162                 if (has_unhashed) {
1163                         fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1164                             "entries\n", old);
1165                         fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1166                             "of hostnames\n");
1167                 }
1168         }
1169
1170         exit(0);
1171 }
1172
1173 /*
1174  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1175  * for the current user.
1176  */
1177 static void
1178 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1179 {
1180         char *comment;
1181         char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1182         struct stat st;
1183         Key *private;
1184
1185         if (!have_identity)
1186                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1187         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1188                 perror(identity_file);
1189                 exit(1);
1190         }
1191         /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1192         private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1193         if (private == NULL) {
1194                 if (identity_passphrase)
1195                         old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1196                 else
1197                         old_passphrase =
1198                             read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1199                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1200                 private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1201                     &comment);
1202                 memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
1203                 xfree(old_passphrase);
1204                 if (private == NULL) {
1205                         printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1206                         exit(1);
1207                 }
1208         }
1209         printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1210
1211         /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1212         if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1213                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1214                 passphrase2 = NULL;
1215         } else {
1216                 passphrase1 =
1217                         read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1218                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1219                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1220                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1221
1222                 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1223                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1224                         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1225                         memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1226                         xfree(passphrase1);
1227                         xfree(passphrase2);
1228                         printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1229                         exit(1);
1230                 }
1231                 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1232                 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1233                 xfree(passphrase2);
1234         }
1235
1236         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1237         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
1238                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1239                 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1240                 xfree(passphrase1);
1241                 key_free(private);
1242                 xfree(comment);
1243                 exit(1);
1244         }
1245         /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1246         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1247         xfree(passphrase1);
1248         key_free(private);               /* Destroys contents */
1249         xfree(comment);
1250
1251         printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1252         exit(0);
1253 }
1254
1255 /*
1256  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1257  */
1258 static int
1259 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1260 {
1261         Key *public;
1262         char *comment = NULL;
1263         struct stat st;
1264
1265         if (fname == NULL)
1266                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1267         if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1268                 if (errno == ENOENT)
1269                         return 0;
1270                 perror(fname);
1271                 exit(1);
1272         }
1273         public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1274         if (public != NULL) {
1275                 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1276                 key_free(public);
1277                 xfree(comment);
1278                 return 1;
1279         }
1280         if (comment)
1281                 xfree(comment);
1282
1283         printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1284         exit(1);
1285 }
1286
1287 /*
1288  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1289  */
1290 static void
1291 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1292 {
1293         char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1294         Key *private;
1295         Key *public;
1296         struct stat st;
1297         FILE *f;
1298         int fd;
1299
1300         if (!have_identity)
1301                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1302         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1303                 perror(identity_file);
1304                 exit(1);
1305         }
1306         private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1307         if (private == NULL) {
1308                 if (identity_passphrase)
1309                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1310                 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1311                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1312                 else
1313                         passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1314                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1315                 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1316                 private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1317                 if (private == NULL) {
1318                         memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1319                         xfree(passphrase);
1320                         printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1321                         exit(1);
1322                 }
1323         } else {
1324                 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1325         }
1326         if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1327                 fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1328                 key_free(private);
1329                 exit(1);
1330         }
1331         printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1332
1333         if (identity_comment) {
1334                 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1335         } else {
1336                 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1337                 fflush(stdout);
1338                 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1339                         memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1340                         key_free(private);
1341                         exit(1);
1342                 }
1343                 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1344         }
1345
1346         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1347         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
1348                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1349                 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1350                 xfree(passphrase);
1351                 key_free(private);
1352                 xfree(comment);
1353                 exit(1);
1354         }
1355         memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1356         xfree(passphrase);
1357         public = key_from_private(private);
1358         key_free(private);
1359
1360         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1361         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1362         if (fd == -1) {
1363                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1364                 exit(1);
1365         }
1366         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1367         if (f == NULL) {
1368                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1369                 exit(1);
1370         }
1371         if (!key_write(public, f))
1372                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1373         key_free(public);
1374         fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1375         fclose(f);
1376
1377         xfree(comment);
1378
1379         printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1380         exit(0);
1381 }
1382
1383 static const char *
1384 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1385 {
1386         char from[32], to[32];
1387         static char ret[64];
1388         time_t tt;
1389         struct tm *tm;
1390
1391         *from = *to = '\0';
1392         if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1393                 return "forever";
1394
1395         if (valid_from != 0) {
1396                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1397                 tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1398                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1399                 strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1400         }
1401         if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1402                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1403                 tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1404                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1405                 strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1406         }
1407
1408         if (valid_from == 0) {
1409                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1410                 return ret;
1411         }
1412         if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1413                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1414                 return ret;
1415         }
1416
1417         snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1418         return ret;
1419 }
1420
1421 static void
1422 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1423 {
1424         debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1425         buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1426         buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1427 }
1428
1429 static void
1430 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1431 {
1432         Buffer b;
1433
1434         debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1435         buffer_init(&b);
1436         buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1437
1438         buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1439         buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1440
1441         buffer_free(&b);
1442 }
1443
1444 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL        1
1445 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS      2
1446 static void
1447 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1448 {
1449         buffer_clear(c);
1450         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1451             certflags_command != NULL)
1452                 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1453         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1454             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1455                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1456         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1457             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1458                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1459         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1460             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1461                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1462         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1463             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1464                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1465         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1466             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1467                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1468         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1469             certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1470                 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1471 }
1472
1473 static Key *
1474 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1475 {
1476 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1477         Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1478         int i, nkeys;
1479
1480         if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1481                 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1482
1483         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1484         debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1485         if (nkeys <= 0)
1486                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1487         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1488                 if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1489                         private = keys[i];
1490                         continue;
1491                 }
1492                 key_free(keys[i]);
1493         }
1494         xfree(keys);
1495         key_free(public);
1496         return private;
1497 #else
1498         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1499 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1500 }
1501
1502 static void
1503 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1504 {
1505         int i, fd;
1506         u_int n;
1507         Key *ca, *public;
1508         char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1509         FILE *f;
1510         int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1511
1512         if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1513                 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1514                 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1515                 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1516                         v00 = 1;
1517                         break;
1518                 case KEY_UNSPEC:
1519                         if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1520                                 v00 = 1;
1521                                 break;
1522                         } else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1523                                 break;
1524                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
1525                 default:
1526                         fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1527                         exit(1);
1528                 }
1529         }
1530
1531         pkcs11_init(1);
1532         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1533         if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1534                 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1535                         fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1536         } else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1537                 fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1538         xfree(tmp);
1539
1540         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1541                 /* Split list of principals */
1542                 n = 0;
1543                 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1544                         otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1545                         plist = NULL;
1546                         for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1547                                 plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1548                                 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1549                                         fatal("Empty principal name");
1550                         }
1551                         xfree(otmp);
1552                 }
1553
1554                 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1555                 if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1556                         fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1557                 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1558                     public->type != KEY_ECDSA)
1559                         fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1560                             __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1561
1562                 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1563                 if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1564                         fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1565                 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1566                 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1567                 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1568                 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1569                 public->cert->principals = plist;
1570                 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1571                 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1572                 if (v00) {
1573                         prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1574                             OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1575                 } else {
1576                         prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1577                             OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1578                         prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
1579                             OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1580                 }
1581                 public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1582
1583                 if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1584                         fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1585
1586                 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1587                         *cp = '\0';
1588                 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1589                 xfree(tmp);
1590
1591                 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1592                         fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1593                             strerror(errno));
1594                 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1595                         fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1596                 if (!key_write(public, f))
1597                         fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1598                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1599                 fclose(f);
1600
1601                 if (!quiet) {
1602                         logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1603                             "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1604                             out, public->cert->key_id,
1605                             (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1606                             cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1607                             cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1608                             fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1609                 }
1610
1611                 key_free(public);
1612                 xfree(out);
1613         }
1614         pkcs11_terminate();
1615         exit(0);
1616 }
1617
1618 static u_int64_t
1619 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1620 {
1621         int64_t mul, secs;
1622
1623         mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1624
1625         if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1626                 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1627         if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1628                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1629         return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1630 }
1631
1632 static u_int64_t
1633 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1634 {
1635         struct tm tm;
1636         time_t tt;
1637         char buf[32], *fmt;
1638
1639         /*
1640          * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1641          * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1642          * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1643          */
1644         switch (strlen(s)) {
1645         case 8:
1646                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1647                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1648                 break;
1649         case 14:
1650                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1651                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1652                     s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1653                 break;
1654         default:
1655                 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1656         }
1657
1658         bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
1659         if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1660                 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1661         if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1662                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1663         return (u_int64_t)tt;
1664 }
1665
1666 static void
1667 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1668 {
1669         char *from, *to;
1670         time_t now = time(NULL);
1671         int64_t secs;
1672
1673         /* +timespec relative to now */
1674         if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1675                 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1676                         fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1677                 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1678                 /*
1679                  * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1680                  * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1681                  */
1682                 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1683                 return;
1684         }
1685
1686         /*
1687          * from:to, where
1688          * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1689          *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1690          */
1691         from = xstrdup(timespec);
1692         to = strchr(from, ':');
1693         if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1694                 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1695         *to++ = '\0';
1696
1697         if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1698                 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1699         else
1700                 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1701
1702         if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1703                 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
1704         else
1705                 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1706
1707         if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1708                 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1709         xfree(from);
1710 }
1711
1712 static void
1713 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1714 {
1715         char *val;
1716
1717         if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1718                 certflags_flags = 0;
1719         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1720                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1721         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1722                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1723         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1724                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1725         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1726                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1727         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1728                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1729         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1730                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1731         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1732                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1733         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1734                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1735         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1736                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1737         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1738                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1739         else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1740                 val = opt + 14;
1741                 if (*val == '\0')
1742                         fatal("Empty force-command option");
1743                 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1744                         fatal("force-command already specified");
1745                 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1746         } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1747                 val = opt + 15;
1748                 if (*val == '\0')
1749                         fatal("Empty source-address option");
1750                 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1751                         fatal("source-address already specified");
1752                 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1753                         fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1754                 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1755         } else
1756                 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1757 }
1758
1759 static void
1760 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1761 {
1762         u_char *name, *data;
1763         u_int dlen;
1764         Buffer options, option;
1765
1766         buffer_init(&options);
1767         buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1768
1769         buffer_init(&option);
1770         while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1771                 name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1772                 data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1773                 buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1774                 printf("                %s", name);
1775                 if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1776                     (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1777                     strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1778                     strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1779                     strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1780                     strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1781                         printf("\n");
1782                 else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1783                     (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1784                     strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1785                         data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
1786                         printf(" %s\n", data);
1787                         xfree(data);
1788                 } else {
1789                         printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1790                             buffer_len(&option));
1791                         buffer_clear(&option);
1792                 }
1793                 xfree(name);
1794                 if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1795                         fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1796         }
1797         buffer_free(&option);
1798         buffer_free(&options);
1799 }
1800
1801 static void
1802 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1803 {
1804         Key *key;
1805         struct stat st;
1806         char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1807         u_int i, v00;
1808
1809         if (!have_identity)
1810                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1811         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1812                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1813         if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1814                 fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1815         if (!key_is_cert(key))
1816                 fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1817         v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1818
1819         key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1820         ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1821             SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1822
1823         printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1824         printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1825             key_cert_type(key));
1826         printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1827         printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1828             key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1829         printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1830         if (!v00) {
1831                 printf("        Serial: %llu\n",
1832                     (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1833         }
1834         printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1835             fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1836         printf("        Principals: ");
1837         if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1838                 printf("(none)\n");
1839         else {
1840                 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1841                         printf("\n                %s",
1842                             key->cert->principals[i]);
1843                 printf("\n");
1844         }
1845         printf("        Critical Options: ");
1846         if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
1847                 printf("(none)\n");
1848         else {
1849                 printf("\n");
1850                 show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1851         }
1852         if (!v00) {
1853                 printf("        Extensions: ");
1854                 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1855                         printf("(none)\n");
1856                 else {
1857                         printf("\n");
1858                         show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1859                 }
1860         }
1861         exit(0);
1862 }
1863
1864 static void
1865 usage(void)
1866 {
1867         fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
1868         fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
1869         fprintf(stderr, "  -A          Generate non-existent host keys for all key types.\n");
1870         fprintf(stderr, "  -a trials   Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1871         fprintf(stderr, "  -B          Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
1872         fprintf(stderr, "  -b bits     Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
1873         fprintf(stderr, "  -C comment  Provide new comment.\n");
1874         fprintf(stderr, "  -c          Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
1875 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1876         fprintf(stderr, "  -D pkcs11   Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
1877 #endif
1878         fprintf(stderr, "  -e          Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
1879         fprintf(stderr, "  -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
1880         fprintf(stderr, "  -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
1881         fprintf(stderr, "  -G file     Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1882         fprintf(stderr, "  -g          Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
1883         fprintf(stderr, "  -H          Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
1884         fprintf(stderr, "  -h          Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
1885         fprintf(stderr, "  -I key_id   Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
1886         fprintf(stderr, "  -i          Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
1887         fprintf(stderr, "  -L          Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
1888         fprintf(stderr, "  -l          Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
1889         fprintf(stderr, "  -M memory   Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1890         fprintf(stderr, "  -m key_fmt  Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
1891         fprintf(stderr, "  -N phrase   Provide new passphrase.\n");
1892         fprintf(stderr, "  -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
1893         fprintf(stderr, "  -O option   Specify a certificate option.\n");
1894         fprintf(stderr, "  -P phrase   Provide old passphrase.\n");
1895         fprintf(stderr, "  -p          Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
1896         fprintf(stderr, "  -q          Quiet.\n");
1897         fprintf(stderr, "  -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
1898         fprintf(stderr, "  -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
1899         fprintf(stderr, "  -S start    Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1900         fprintf(stderr, "  -s ca_key   Certify keys with CA key.\n");
1901         fprintf(stderr, "  -T file     Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1902         fprintf(stderr, "  -t type     Specify type of key to create.\n");
1903         fprintf(stderr, "  -V from:to  Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
1904         fprintf(stderr, "  -v          Verbose.\n");
1905         fprintf(stderr, "  -W gen      Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1906         fprintf(stderr, "  -y          Read private key file and print public key.\n");
1907         fprintf(stderr, "  -z serial   Specify a serial number.\n");
1908
1909         exit(1);
1910 }
1911
1912 /*
1913  * Main program for key management.
1914  */
1915 int
1916 main(int argc, char **argv)
1917 {
1918         char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1919         char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *rr_hostname = NULL;
1920         Key *private, *public;
1921         struct passwd *pw;
1922         struct stat st;
1923         int opt, type, fd;
1924         u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
1925         int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
1926         int gen_all_hostkeys = 0;
1927         BIGNUM *start = NULL;
1928         FILE *f;
1929         const char *errstr;
1930
1931         extern int optind;
1932         extern char *optarg;
1933
1934         /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
1935         sanitise_stdfd();
1936
1937         __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
1938
1939         OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
1940         log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1941
1942         seed_rng();
1943
1944         /* we need this for the home * directory.  */
1945         pw = getpwuid(getuid());
1946         if (!pw) {
1947                 printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
1948                 exit(1);
1949         }
1950         if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
1951                 perror("gethostname");
1952                 exit(1);
1953         }
1954
1955         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "AegiqpclBHLhvxXyF:b:f:t:D:I:P:m:N:n:"
1956             "O:C:r:g:R:T:G:M:S:s:a:V:W:z:")) != -1) {
1957                 switch (opt) {
1958                 case 'A':
1959                         gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
1960                         break;
1961                 case 'b':
1962                         bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
1963                         if (errstr)
1964                                 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
1965                                         optarg, errstr);
1966                         break;
1967                 case 'F':
1968                         find_host = 1;
1969                         rr_hostname = optarg;
1970                         break;
1971                 case 'H':
1972                         hash_hosts = 1;
1973                         break;
1974                 case 'I':
1975                         cert_key_id = optarg;
1976                         break;
1977                 case 'R':
1978                         delete_host = 1;
1979                         rr_hostname = optarg;
1980                         break;
1981                 case 'L':
1982                         show_cert = 1;
1983                         break;
1984                 case 'l':
1985                         print_fingerprint = 1;
1986                         break;
1987                 case 'B':
1988                         print_bubblebabble = 1;
1989                         break;
1990                 case 'm':
1991                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
1992                             strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
1993                                 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
1994                                 break;
1995                         }
1996                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
1997                                 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
1998                                 break;
1999                         }
2000                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2001                                 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2002                                 break;
2003                         }
2004                         fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2005                 case 'n':
2006                         cert_principals = optarg;
2007                         break;
2008                 case 'p':
2009                         change_passphrase = 1;
2010                         break;
2011                 case 'c':
2012                         change_comment = 1;
2013                         break;
2014                 case 'f':
2015                         if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
2016                             sizeof(identity_file))
2017                                 fatal("Identity filename too long");
2018                         have_identity = 1;
2019                         break;
2020                 case 'g':
2021                         print_generic = 1;
2022                         break;
2023                 case 'P':
2024                         identity_passphrase = optarg;
2025                         break;
2026                 case 'N':
2027                         identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2028                         break;
2029                 case 'O':
2030                         add_cert_option(optarg);
2031                         break;
2032                 case 'C':
2033                         identity_comment = optarg;
2034                         break;
2035                 case 'q':
2036                         quiet = 1;
2037                         break;
2038                 case 'e':
2039                 case 'x':
2040                         /* export key */
2041                         convert_to = 1;
2042                         break;
2043                 case 'h':
2044                         cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2045                         certflags_flags = 0;
2046                         break;
2047                 case 'i':
2048                 case 'X':
2049                         /* import key */
2050                         convert_from = 1;
2051                         break;
2052                 case 'y':
2053                         print_public = 1;
2054                         break;
2055                 case 's':
2056                         ca_key_path = optarg;
2057                         break;
2058                 case 't':
2059                         key_type_name = optarg;
2060                         break;
2061                 case 'D':
2062                         pkcs11provider = optarg;
2063                         break;
2064                 case 'v':
2065                         if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2066                                 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2067                         else {
2068                                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2069                                     log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2070                                         log_level++;
2071                         }
2072                         break;
2073                 case 'r':
2074                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2075                         break;
2076                 case 'W':
2077                         generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2078                             UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2079                         if (errstr)
2080                                 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
2081                                         optarg, errstr);
2082                         break;
2083                 case 'a':
2084                         trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2085                         if (errstr)
2086                                 fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
2087                                         optarg, errstr);
2088                         break;
2089                 case 'M':
2090                         memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2091                         if (errstr)
2092                                 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2093                         break;
2094                 case 'G':
2095                         do_gen_candidates = 1;
2096                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2097                             sizeof(out_file))
2098                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
2099                         break;
2100                 case 'T':
2101                         do_screen_candidates = 1;
2102                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2103                             sizeof(out_file))
2104                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
2105                         break;
2106                 case 'S':
2107                         /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2108                         if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2109                                 fatal("Invalid start point.");
2110                         break;
2111                 case 'V':
2112                         parse_cert_times(optarg);
2113                         break;
2114                 case 'z':
2115                         cert_serial = strtonum(optarg, 0, LLONG_MAX, &errstr);
2116                         if (errstr)
2117                                 fatal("Invalid serial number: %s", errstr);
2118                         break;
2119                 case '?':
2120                 default:
2121                         usage();
2122                 }
2123         }
2124
2125         /* reinit */
2126         log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2127
2128         argv += optind;
2129         argc -= optind;
2130
2131         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2132                 if (argc < 1) {
2133                         printf("Too few arguments.\n");
2134                         usage();
2135                 }
2136         } else if (argc > 0) {
2137                 printf("Too many arguments.\n");
2138                 usage();
2139         }
2140         if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2141                 printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
2142                 usage();
2143         }
2144         if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2145                 printf("Cannot use -l with -D or -R.\n");
2146                 usage();
2147         }
2148         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2149                 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2150                         fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2151                 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2152         }
2153         if (show_cert)
2154                 do_show_cert(pw);
2155         if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2156                 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2157         if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2158                 do_fingerprint(pw);
2159         if (change_passphrase)
2160                 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2161         if (change_comment)
2162                 do_change_comment(pw);
2163         if (convert_to)
2164                 do_convert_to(pw);
2165         if (convert_from)
2166                 do_convert_from(pw);
2167         if (print_public)
2168                 do_print_public(pw);
2169         if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2170                 unsigned int n = 0;
2171
2172                 if (have_identity) {
2173                         n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2174                             identity_file, rr_hostname);
2175                         if (n == 0) {
2176                                 perror(identity_file);
2177                                 exit(1);
2178                         }
2179                         exit(0);
2180                 } else {
2181
2182                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2183                             _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2184                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2185                             _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2186
2187                         if (n == 0)
2188                                 fatal("no keys found.");
2189                         exit(0);
2190                 }
2191         }
2192         if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2193                 do_download(pw);
2194
2195         if (do_gen_candidates) {
2196                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2197
2198                 if (out == NULL) {
2199                         error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2200                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2201                         return (1);
2202                 }
2203                 if (bits == 0)
2204                         bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2205                 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2206                         fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2207
2208                 return (0);
2209         }
2210
2211         if (do_screen_candidates) {
2212                 FILE *in;
2213                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2214
2215                 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2216                         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2217                                 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2218                                     "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2219                                     strerror(errno));
2220                         }
2221                 } else
2222                         in = stdin;
2223
2224                 if (out == NULL) {
2225                         fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2226                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2227                 }
2228                 if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted) != 0)
2229                         fatal("modulus screening failed");
2230                 return (0);
2231         }
2232
2233         if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2234                 do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2235                 return (0);
2236         }
2237
2238         arc4random_stir();
2239
2240         if (key_type_name == NULL)
2241                 key_type_name = "rsa";
2242
2243         type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2244         type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
2245
2246         if (!quiet)
2247                 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2248         private = key_generate(type, bits);
2249         if (private == NULL) {
2250                 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2251                 exit(1);
2252         }
2253         public  = key_from_private(private);
2254
2255         if (!have_identity)
2256                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2257
2258         /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2259         snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2260             pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2261         if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2262                 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2263                         if (errno != ENOENT) {
2264                                 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2265                                     strerror(errno));
2266                         } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2267                                 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2268                                     dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2269                         } else if (!quiet)
2270                                 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2271                 }
2272         }
2273         /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2274         if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2275                 char yesno[3];
2276                 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2277                 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2278                 fflush(stdout);
2279                 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2280                         exit(1);
2281                 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2282                         exit(1);
2283         }
2284         /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2285         if (identity_passphrase)
2286                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2287         else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2288                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2289         else {
2290 passphrase_again:
2291                 passphrase1 =
2292                         read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2293                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2294                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2295                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2296                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2297                         /*
2298                          * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2299                          * retry.
2300                          */
2301                         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2302                         memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2303                         xfree(passphrase1);
2304                         xfree(passphrase2);
2305                         printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2306                         goto passphrase_again;
2307                 }
2308                 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2309                 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2310                 xfree(passphrase2);
2311         }
2312
2313         if (identity_comment) {
2314                 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2315         } else {
2316                 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2317                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2318         }
2319
2320         /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2321         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
2322                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2323                 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2324                 xfree(passphrase1);
2325                 exit(1);
2326         }
2327         /* Clear the passphrase. */
2328         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2329         xfree(passphrase1);
2330
2331         /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2332         key_free(private);
2333         arc4random_stir();
2334
2335         if (!quiet)
2336                 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2337
2338         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2339         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2340         if (fd == -1) {
2341                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2342                 exit(1);
2343         }
2344         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2345         if (f == NULL) {
2346                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2347                 exit(1);
2348         }
2349         if (!key_write(public, f))
2350                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2351         fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2352         fclose(f);
2353
2354         if (!quiet) {
2355                 char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2356                 char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2357                     SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2358                 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2359                     identity_file);
2360                 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2361                 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2362                 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2363                 printf("%s\n", ra);
2364                 xfree(ra);
2365                 xfree(fp);
2366         }
2367
2368         key_free(public);
2369         exit(0);
2370 }