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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
40 .Nd layout of filesystems
42 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
43 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
45 root directory of the filesystem
47 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
49 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
51 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
53 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
56 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
59 loadable kernel modules;
64 block and character device files
66 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
68 file descriptor files;
73 system configuration files and scripts
75 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
77 bluetooth configuration files
79 default system configuration files;
86 .\"Firmware image files;
90 local timezone information;
94 Sendmail control files
96 mtree configuration files;
100 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
103 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
108 ppp configuration files;
112 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
116 OpenSSH configuration files;
120 OpenSSL configuration files
122 Files relevant to system upgrades
124 uucp configuration files;
129 HOME directories of non-root users
131 empty directory commonly used by
132 system administrators as a temporary mount point
134 pseudo file system directory (on
143 root's HOME directory
145 system programs and administration utilities
146 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
148 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
151 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
153 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
155 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
157 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
159 useful and semi-frivolous programs
161 standard C include files
163 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
165 C include files for Internet service protocols
169 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
171 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
173 The SCSI device on top of CAM
177 C include files for programming various
181 Include Files for various emulation layers
184 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
191 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
197 C include files for libmilter,
198 the sendmail mail filter API
200 C include files for libprop
202 machine-specific C include files
206 misc network C include files
212 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
216 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
220 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
222 kernel key-management service
230 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
232 Objective C include files
234 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
236 Packet Capture (libpcap) headers;
242 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
244 get a line from a user, with editing;
248 remote procedure calls;
252 definition of RPC service structures; see
258 system C include files (kernel data structures)
260 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
262 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
282 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
284 a.out archive libraries
286 shared libraries for compatibility
288 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
290 a.out backward compatibility libraries
293 OpenSSL dynamic engines
297 misc. utility data files
299 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
301 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils221/" -compact
304 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
313 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
321 utilities and filters for LP print system;
331 restricted shell for sendmail;
341 local executables, libraries, etc.
344 the general layout sketched out by
351 directory (directly under
356 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
362 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
366 default destination directory for the
371 the general layout sketched out by
378 directory (directly under
383 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
391 collection (optional).
393 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
395 architecture-independent files
397 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
399 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
407 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
409 words from Webster's 2nd International
419 miscellaneous documentation
420 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa legal/" -compact
422 License files for vendor supplied firmware
426 various examples for users and programmers
428 ASCII text files used by various games
430 device description file for device name
432 internationalization databases; see
435 GNU Info hypertext system
437 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
445 macros for use with the me macro package;
449 misc system-wide ASCII text files
451 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
453 terminal characteristics database;
463 national language support files;
468 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
474 sendmail configuration files;
478 example . (dot) files for new accounts
483 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
491 console keyboard maps;
501 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
510 text processing macros;
516 localization support and utilities for
519 timezone configuration information;
526 third-party, and/or local source files
528 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa nrelease/" -compact
530 source code for files in
533 source code for contributed software
535 source code for contributed cryptography software
537 source code for files in
540 source code for files in
543 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
545 source code for files in
548 source code for files in
551 source code for files in
554 files required to produce a
558 source code for files in
561 build directory for files in
569 tools used for maintenance and testing of
572 source code for files in
575 source code for files in
580 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
582 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
584 system accounting files
586 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
588 execution accounting file;
594 timed command scheduling files;
598 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
600 directory containing job files
602 directory containing output spool files
608 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
617 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
625 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
627 empty directory used by
629 for privilege separation
631 misc. game status and score files
633 per PFS (pseudo file system) snapshots directory for
637 misc. system log files
639 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
649 system messages database;
653 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
658 filesystem quota information files
660 system information files describing various info about
661 system since it was booted
663 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
667 group for command connection sockets; see
670 database of current users;
683 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
685 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
687 undelivered submission mail queue;
691 undelivered mail queue;
697 the anonymous ftp root directory
699 undelivered mail queue;
703 line printer spooling directories
709 public uucp temporary directory
713 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
715 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
717 the directory where recovery files are stored
725 This manual page documents the default
727 filesystem layout, but
728 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
729 administrator's discretion.
730 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
745 manual page appeared in