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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.18 2008/01/13 17:56:03 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd layout of filesystems
43 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
44 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
46 root directory of the filesystem
48 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
50 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
52 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
54 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
58 block and character device files
60 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa MAKEDEV" -compact
62 script for creating device files;
66 file descriptor files;
71 system configuration files and scripts
73 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
75 bluetooth configuration files
77 default system configuration files;
85 isdn4bsd configuration files;
89 local timezone information;
93 Sendmail control files
95 mtree configuration files;
99 named configuration files;
103 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
106 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
111 ppp configuration files;
115 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
119 OpenSSH configuration files;
123 OpenSSL configuration files
125 uucp configuration files;
130 HOME directories of non-root users
132 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
135 empty directory commonly used by
136 system administrators as a temporary mount point
138 loadable kernel modules;
147 root's HOME directory
149 system programs and administration utilities
150 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
152 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
155 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
157 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
159 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
161 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
163 useful and semi-frivolous programs
165 standard C include files
167 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
169 C include files for Internet service protocols
173 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
175 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
177 The SCSI device on top of CAM
181 C include files for programming various
185 Include Files for various emulation layers
188 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
194 ISC utility library libisc include files
197 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
203 C include files for libmilter,
204 the sendmail mail filter API
206 machine-specific C include files
210 misc network C include files
218 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
222 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
226 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
228 kernel key-management service
238 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
240 Objective C include files
242 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
246 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
248 get a line from a user, with editing;
252 remote procedure calls;
256 definition of RPC service structures; see
262 system C include files (kernel data structures)
264 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
266 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
286 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
288 a.out archive libraries
290 shared libraries for compatibility
292 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
294 a.out backward compatibility libraries
299 misc. utility data files
301 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
303 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
307 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
313 various prebuilt lint libraries;
317 Character set conversion tables
319 holds the download firmware images
323 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
325 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils217/" -compact
327 utilities and filters for LP print system;
332 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
346 restricted shell for sendmail;
356 local executables, libraries, etc.
359 the general layout sketched out by
363 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under
368 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
374 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
378 default destination directory for the
383 the general layout sketched out by
387 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under
392 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
400 collection (optional).
402 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
404 architecture-independent files
406 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
408 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
416 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
418 words from Webster's 2nd International
428 various examples for users and programmers
430 ASCII text files used by various games
432 device description file for device name
434 GNU Info hypertext system
438 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
446 macros for use with the me macro package;
450 misc system-wide ASCII text files
452 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
454 terminal characteristics database;
464 national language support files;
468 sendmail configuration files;
472 example . (dot) files for new accounts
477 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
485 console keyboard maps;
495 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
500 text processing macros;
506 localization support and utilities for
509 timezone configuration information;
516 third-party, and/or local source files
518 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
520 source code for files in
523 source code for contributed software
525 source code for contributed cryptography software
527 source code for files in
530 source code for files in
533 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
535 source code for files in
538 source code for kerberos version 5
540 source code for files in
543 source code for files in
546 files required to produce a
550 source code for files in
553 build directory for files in
561 tools used for maintenance and testing of
564 source code for files in
567 source code for files in
572 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
574 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
576 system accounting files
578 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
580 execution accounting file;
586 timed command scheduling files;
590 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
592 directory containing job files
594 directory containing output spool files
600 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
609 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
617 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
619 empty directory used by
621 for privilege separation
623 misc. game status and score files
625 kerberos server databases; see
628 misc. system log files
630 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
640 system messages database;
644 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
649 filesystem quota information files
651 system information files describing various info about
652 system since it was booted
654 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
658 group for command connection sockets; see
661 database of current users;
674 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
676 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
678 undelivered submission mail queue;
684 the anonymous ftp root directory
686 undelivered mail queue;
690 line printer spooling directories
696 public uucp temporary directory
700 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
702 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
704 the directory where recovery files are stored
712 This manual page documents the default
714 filesystem layout, but
715 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
716 administrator's discretion.
717 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
732 manual page appeared in