Initial import from FreeBSD RELENG_4:

[dragonfly.git] / sys / vm / vm_page.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * The Mach Operating System project at Carnegie-Mellon University.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed by the University of
 *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *      from: @(#)vm_page.c     7.4 (Berkeley) 5/7/91
 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/vm/vm_page.c,v 1.147.2.18 2002/03/10 05:03:19 alc Exp $
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1987, 1990 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Authors: Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 * rights to redistribute these changes.
 */

/*
 *      Resident memory management module.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>
#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_object.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
#include <vm/vm_pager.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>

static void     vm_page_queue_init (void);
static vm_page_t vm_page_select_cache (vm_object_t, vm_pindex_t);

/*
 *      Associated with page of user-allocatable memory is a
 *      page structure.
 */

static struct vm_page **vm_page_buckets; /* Array of buckets */
static int vm_page_bucket_count;        /* How big is array? */
static int vm_page_hash_mask;           /* Mask for hash function */
static volatile int vm_page_bucket_generation;

struct vpgqueues vm_page_queues[PQ_COUNT];

static void
vm_page_queue_init(void) {
        int i;

        for(i=0;i<PQ_L2_SIZE;i++) {
                vm_page_queues[PQ_FREE+i].cnt = &cnt.v_free_count;
        }
        vm_page_queues[PQ_INACTIVE].cnt = &cnt.v_inactive_count;

        vm_page_queues[PQ_ACTIVE].cnt = &cnt.v_active_count;
        vm_page_queues[PQ_HOLD].cnt = &cnt.v_active_count;
        for(i=0;i<PQ_L2_SIZE;i++) {
                vm_page_queues[PQ_CACHE+i].cnt = &cnt.v_cache_count;
        }
        for(i=0;i<PQ_COUNT;i++) {
                TAILQ_INIT(&vm_page_queues[i].pl);
        }
}

vm_page_t vm_page_array = 0;
int vm_page_array_size = 0;
long first_page = 0;
int vm_page_zero_count = 0;

static __inline int vm_page_hash (vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex);
static void vm_page_free_wakeup (void);

/*
 *      vm_set_page_size:
 *
 *      Sets the page size, perhaps based upon the memory
 *      size.  Must be called before any use of page-size
 *      dependent functions.
 */
void
vm_set_page_size(void)
{
        if (cnt.v_page_size == 0)
                cnt.v_page_size = PAGE_SIZE;
        if (((cnt.v_page_size - 1) & cnt.v_page_size) != 0)
                panic("vm_set_page_size: page size not a power of two");
}

/*
 *      vm_add_new_page:
 *
 *      Add a new page to the freelist for use by the system.
 *      Must be called at splhigh().
 */
vm_page_t
vm_add_new_page(vm_offset_t pa)
{
        vm_page_t m;

        ++cnt.v_page_count;
        ++cnt.v_free_count;
        m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa);
        m->phys_addr = pa;
        m->flags = 0;
        m->pc = (pa >> PAGE_SHIFT) & PQ_L2_MASK;
        m->queue = m->pc + PQ_FREE;
        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&vm_page_queues[m->queue].pl, m, pageq);
        vm_page_queues[m->queue].lcnt++;
        return (m);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_startup:
 *
 *      Initializes the resident memory module.
 *
 *      Allocates memory for the page cells, and
 *      for the object/offset-to-page hash table headers.
 *      Each page cell is initialized and placed on the free list.
 */

vm_offset_t
vm_page_startup(vm_offset_t starta, vm_offset_t enda, vm_offset_t vaddr)
{
        vm_offset_t mapped;
        struct vm_page **bucket;
        vm_size_t npages, page_range;
        vm_offset_t new_end;
        int i;
        vm_offset_t pa;
        int nblocks;
        vm_offset_t last_pa;

        /* the biggest memory array is the second group of pages */
        vm_offset_t end;
        vm_offset_t biggestone, biggestsize;

        vm_offset_t total;

        total = 0;
        biggestsize = 0;
        biggestone = 0;
        nblocks = 0;
        vaddr = round_page(vaddr);

        for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1]; i += 2) {
                phys_avail[i] = round_page(phys_avail[i]);
                phys_avail[i + 1] = trunc_page(phys_avail[i + 1]);
        }

        for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1]; i += 2) {
                int size = phys_avail[i + 1] - phys_avail[i];

                if (size > biggestsize) {
                        biggestone = i;
                        biggestsize = size;
                }
                ++nblocks;
                total += size;
        }

        end = phys_avail[biggestone+1];

        /*
         * Initialize the queue headers for the free queue, the active queue
         * and the inactive queue.
         */

        vm_page_queue_init();

        /*
         * Allocate (and initialize) the hash table buckets.
         *
         * The number of buckets MUST BE a power of 2, and the actual value is
         * the next power of 2 greater than the number of physical pages in
         * the system.  
         *
         * We make the hash table approximately 2x the number of pages to
         * reduce the chain length.  This is about the same size using the 
         * singly-linked list as the 1x hash table we were using before 
         * using TAILQ but the chain length will be smaller.
         *
         * Note: This computation can be tweaked if desired.
         */
        vm_page_buckets = (struct vm_page **)vaddr;
        bucket = vm_page_buckets;
        if (vm_page_bucket_count == 0) {
                vm_page_bucket_count = 1;
                while (vm_page_bucket_count < atop(total))
                        vm_page_bucket_count <<= 1;
        }
        vm_page_bucket_count <<= 1;
        vm_page_hash_mask = vm_page_bucket_count - 1;

        /*
         * Validate these addresses.
         */
        new_end = end - vm_page_bucket_count * sizeof(struct vm_page *);
        new_end = trunc_page(new_end);
        mapped = round_page(vaddr);
        vaddr = pmap_map(mapped, new_end, end,
            VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
        vaddr = round_page(vaddr);
        bzero((caddr_t) mapped, vaddr - mapped);

        for (i = 0; i < vm_page_bucket_count; i++) {
                *bucket = NULL;
                bucket++;
        }

        /*
         * Compute the number of pages of memory that will be available for
         * use (taking into account the overhead of a page structure per
         * page).
         */

        first_page = phys_avail[0] / PAGE_SIZE;

        page_range = phys_avail[(nblocks - 1) * 2 + 1] / PAGE_SIZE - first_page;
        npages = (total - (page_range * sizeof(struct vm_page)) -
            (end - new_end)) / PAGE_SIZE;

        end = new_end;
        /*
         * Initialize the mem entry structures now, and put them in the free
         * queue.
         */
        vm_page_array = (vm_page_t) vaddr;
        mapped = vaddr;

        /*
         * Validate these addresses.
         */

        new_end = trunc_page(end - page_range * sizeof(struct vm_page));
        mapped = pmap_map(mapped, new_end, end,
            VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);

        /*
         * Clear all of the page structures
         */
        bzero((caddr_t) vm_page_array, page_range * sizeof(struct vm_page));
        vm_page_array_size = page_range;

        /*
         * Construct the free queue(s) in descending order (by physical
         * address) so that the first 16MB of physical memory is allocated
         * last rather than first.  On large-memory machines, this avoids
         * the exhaustion of low physical memory before isa_dmainit has run.
         */
        cnt.v_page_count = 0;
        cnt.v_free_count = 0;
        for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1] && npages > 0; i += 2) {
                pa = phys_avail[i];
                if (i == biggestone)
                        last_pa = new_end;
                else
                        last_pa = phys_avail[i + 1];
                while (pa < last_pa && npages-- > 0) {
                        vm_add_new_page(pa);
                        pa += PAGE_SIZE;
                }
        }
        return (mapped);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_hash:
 *
 *      Distributes the object/offset key pair among hash buckets.
 *
 *      NOTE:  This macro depends on vm_page_bucket_count being a power of 2.
 *      This routine may not block.
 *
 *      We try to randomize the hash based on the object to spread the pages
 *      out in the hash table without it costing us too much.
 */
static __inline int
vm_page_hash(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
{
        int i = ((uintptr_t)object + pindex) ^ object->hash_rand;

        return(i & vm_page_hash_mask);
}

void
vm_page_unhold(vm_page_t mem)
{
        --mem->hold_count;
        KASSERT(mem->hold_count >= 0, ("vm_page_unhold: hold count < 0!!!"));
        if (mem->hold_count == 0 && mem->queue == PQ_HOLD)
                vm_page_free_toq(mem);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_insert:         [ internal use only ]
 *
 *      Inserts the given mem entry into the object and object list.
 *
 *      The pagetables are not updated but will presumably fault the page
 *      in if necessary, or if a kernel page the caller will at some point
 *      enter the page into the kernel's pmap.  We are not allowed to block
 *      here so we *can't* do this anyway.
 *
 *      The object and page must be locked, and must be splhigh.
 *      This routine may not block.
 */

void
vm_page_insert(vm_page_t m, vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
{
        struct vm_page **bucket;

        if (m->object != NULL)
                panic("vm_page_insert: already inserted");

        /*
         * Record the object/offset pair in this page
         */

        m->object = object;
        m->pindex = pindex;

        /*
         * Insert it into the object_object/offset hash table
         */

        bucket = &vm_page_buckets[vm_page_hash(object, pindex)];
        m->hnext = *bucket;
        *bucket = m;
        vm_page_bucket_generation++;

        /*
         * Now link into the object's list of backed pages.
         */

        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object->memq, m, listq);
        object->generation++;

        /*
         * show that the object has one more resident page.
         */

        object->resident_page_count++;

        /*
         * Since we are inserting a new and possibly dirty page,
         * update the object's OBJ_WRITEABLE and OBJ_MIGHTBEDIRTY flags.
         */
        if (m->flags & PG_WRITEABLE)
                vm_object_set_writeable_dirty(object);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_remove:
 *                              NOTE: used by device pager as well -wfj
 *
 *      Removes the given mem entry from the object/offset-page
 *      table and the object page list, but do not invalidate/terminate
 *      the backing store.
 *
 *      The object and page must be locked, and at splhigh.
 *      The underlying pmap entry (if any) is NOT removed here.
 *      This routine may not block.
 */

void
vm_page_remove(vm_page_t m)
{
        vm_object_t object;

        if (m->object == NULL)
                return;

        if ((m->flags & PG_BUSY) == 0) {
                panic("vm_page_remove: page not busy");
        }

        /*
         * Basically destroy the page.
         */

        vm_page_wakeup(m);

        object = m->object;

        /*
         * Remove from the object_object/offset hash table.  The object
         * must be on the hash queue, we will panic if it isn't
         *
         * Note: we must NULL-out m->hnext to prevent loops in detached
         * buffers with vm_page_lookup().
         */

        {
                struct vm_page **bucket;

                bucket = &vm_page_buckets[vm_page_hash(m->object, m->pindex)];
                while (*bucket != m) {
                        if (*bucket == NULL)
                                panic("vm_page_remove(): page not found in hash");
                        bucket = &(*bucket)->hnext;
                }
                *bucket = m->hnext;
                m->hnext = NULL;
                vm_page_bucket_generation++;
        }

        /*
         * Now remove from the object's list of backed pages.
         */

        TAILQ_REMOVE(&object->memq, m, listq);

        /*
         * And show that the object has one fewer resident page.
         */

        object->resident_page_count--;
        object->generation++;

        m->object = NULL;
}

/*
 *      vm_page_lookup:
 *
 *      Returns the page associated with the object/offset
 *      pair specified; if none is found, NULL is returned.
 *
 *      NOTE: the code below does not lock.  It will operate properly if
 *      an interrupt makes a change, but the generation algorithm will not 
 *      operate properly in an SMP environment where both cpu's are able to run
 *      kernel code simultaneously.
 *
 *      The object must be locked.  No side effects.
 *      This routine may not block.
 *      This is a critical path routine
 */

vm_page_t
vm_page_lookup(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
{
        vm_page_t m;
        struct vm_page **bucket;
        int generation;

        /*
         * Search the hash table for this object/offset pair
         */

retry:
        generation = vm_page_bucket_generation;
        bucket = &vm_page_buckets[vm_page_hash(object, pindex)];
        for (m = *bucket; m != NULL; m = m->hnext) {
                if ((m->object == object) && (m->pindex == pindex)) {
                        if (vm_page_bucket_generation != generation)
                                goto retry;
                        return (m);
                }
        }
        if (vm_page_bucket_generation != generation)
                goto retry;
        return (NULL);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_rename:
 *
 *      Move the given memory entry from its
 *      current object to the specified target object/offset.
 *
 *      The object must be locked.
 *      This routine may not block.
 *
 *      Note: this routine will raise itself to splvm(), the caller need not. 
 *
 *      Note: swap associated with the page must be invalidated by the move.  We
 *            have to do this for several reasons:  (1) we aren't freeing the
 *            page, (2) we are dirtying the page, (3) the VM system is probably
 *            moving the page from object A to B, and will then later move
 *            the backing store from A to B and we can't have a conflict.
 *
 *      Note: we *always* dirty the page.  It is necessary both for the
 *            fact that we moved it, and because we may be invalidating
 *            swap.  If the page is on the cache, we have to deactivate it
 *            or vm_page_dirty() will panic.  Dirty pages are not allowed
 *            on the cache.
 */

void
vm_page_rename(vm_page_t m, vm_object_t new_object, vm_pindex_t new_pindex)
{
        int s;

        s = splvm();
        vm_page_remove(m);
        vm_page_insert(m, new_object, new_pindex);
        if (m->queue - m->pc == PQ_CACHE)
                vm_page_deactivate(m);
        vm_page_dirty(m);
        splx(s);
}

/*
 * vm_page_unqueue_nowakeup:
 *
 *      vm_page_unqueue() without any wakeup
 *
 *      This routine must be called at splhigh().
 *      This routine may not block.
 */

void
vm_page_unqueue_nowakeup(vm_page_t m)
{
        int queue = m->queue;
        struct vpgqueues *pq;
        if (queue != PQ_NONE) {
                pq = &vm_page_queues[queue];
                m->queue = PQ_NONE;
                TAILQ_REMOVE(&pq->pl, m, pageq);
                (*pq->cnt)--;
                pq->lcnt--;
        }
}

/*
 * vm_page_unqueue:
 *
 *      Remove a page from its queue.
 *
 *      This routine must be called at splhigh().
 *      This routine may not block.
 */

void
vm_page_unqueue(vm_page_t m)
{
        int queue = m->queue;
        struct vpgqueues *pq;
        if (queue != PQ_NONE) {
                m->queue = PQ_NONE;
                pq = &vm_page_queues[queue];
                TAILQ_REMOVE(&pq->pl, m, pageq);
                (*pq->cnt)--;
                pq->lcnt--;
                if ((queue - m->pc) == PQ_CACHE) {
                        if (vm_paging_needed())
                                pagedaemon_wakeup();
                }
        }
}

#if PQ_L2_SIZE > 1

/*
 *      vm_page_list_find:
 *
 *      Find a page on the specified queue with color optimization.
 *
 *      The page coloring optimization attempts to locate a page
 *      that does not overload other nearby pages in the object in
 *      the cpu's L1 or L2 caches.  We need this optimization because 
 *      cpu caches tend to be physical caches, while object spaces tend 
 *      to be virtual.
 *
 *      This routine must be called at splvm().
 *      This routine may not block.
 *
 *      This routine may only be called from the vm_page_list_find() macro
 *      in vm_page.h
 */
vm_page_t
_vm_page_list_find(int basequeue, int index)
{
        int i;
        vm_page_t m = NULL;
        struct vpgqueues *pq;

        pq = &vm_page_queues[basequeue];

        /*
         * Note that for the first loop, index+i and index-i wind up at the
         * same place.  Even though this is not totally optimal, we've already
         * blown it by missing the cache case so we do not care.
         */

        for(i = PQ_L2_SIZE / 2; i > 0; --i) {
                if ((m = TAILQ_FIRST(&pq[(index + i) & PQ_L2_MASK].pl)) != NULL)
                        break;

                if ((m = TAILQ_FIRST(&pq[(index - i) & PQ_L2_MASK].pl)) != NULL)
                        break;
        }
        return(m);
}

#endif

/*
 *      vm_page_select_cache:
 *
 *      Find a page on the cache queue with color optimization.  As pages
 *      might be found, but not applicable, they are deactivated.  This
 *      keeps us from using potentially busy cached pages.
 *
 *      This routine must be called at splvm().
 *      This routine may not block.
 */
vm_page_t
vm_page_select_cache(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
{
        vm_page_t m;

        while (TRUE) {
                m = vm_page_list_find(
                    PQ_CACHE,
                    (pindex + object->pg_color) & PQ_L2_MASK,
                    FALSE
                );
                if (m && ((m->flags & (PG_BUSY|PG_UNMANAGED)) || m->busy ||
                               m->hold_count || m->wire_count)) {
                        vm_page_deactivate(m);
                        continue;
                }
                return m;
        }
}

/*
 *      vm_page_select_free:
 *
 *      Find a free or zero page, with specified preference.  We attempt to
 *      inline the nominal case and fall back to _vm_page_select_free() 
 *      otherwise.
 *
 *      This routine must be called at splvm().
 *      This routine may not block.
 */

static __inline vm_page_t
vm_page_select_free(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, boolean_t prefer_zero)
{
        vm_page_t m;

        m = vm_page_list_find(
                PQ_FREE,
                (pindex + object->pg_color) & PQ_L2_MASK,
                prefer_zero
        );
        return(m);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_alloc:
 *
 *      Allocate and return a memory cell associated
 *      with this VM object/offset pair.
 *
 *      page_req classes:
 *      VM_ALLOC_NORMAL         normal process request
 *      VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM         system *really* needs a page
 *      VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT      interrupt time request
 *      VM_ALLOC_ZERO           zero page
 *
 *      Object must be locked.
 *      This routine may not block.
 *
 *      Additional special handling is required when called from an
 *      interrupt (VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT).  We are not allowed to mess with
 *      the page cache in this case.
 */

vm_page_t
vm_page_alloc(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int page_req)
{
        vm_page_t m = NULL;
        int s;

        KASSERT(!vm_page_lookup(object, pindex),
                ("vm_page_alloc: page already allocated"));

        /*
         * The pager is allowed to eat deeper into the free page list.
         */

        if ((curproc == pageproc) && (page_req != VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT)) {
                page_req = VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM;
        };

        s = splvm();

loop:
        if (cnt.v_free_count > cnt.v_free_reserved) {
                /*
                 * Allocate from the free queue if there are plenty of pages
                 * in it.
                 */
                if (page_req == VM_ALLOC_ZERO)
                        m = vm_page_select_free(object, pindex, TRUE);
                else
                        m = vm_page_select_free(object, pindex, FALSE);
        } else if (
            (page_req == VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM && 
             cnt.v_cache_count == 0 && 
             cnt.v_free_count > cnt.v_interrupt_free_min) ||
            (page_req == VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT && cnt.v_free_count > 0)
        ) {
                /*
                 * Interrupt or system, dig deeper into the free list.
                 */
                m = vm_page_select_free(object, pindex, FALSE);
        } else if (page_req != VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT) {
                /*
                 * Allocatable from cache (non-interrupt only).  On success,
                 * we must free the page and try again, thus ensuring that
                 * cnt.v_*_free_min counters are replenished.
                 */
                m = vm_page_select_cache(object, pindex);
                if (m == NULL) {
                        splx(s);
#if defined(DIAGNOSTIC)
                        if (cnt.v_cache_count > 0)
                                printf("vm_page_alloc(NORMAL): missing pages on cache queue: %d\n", cnt.v_cache_count);
#endif
                        vm_pageout_deficit++;
                        pagedaemon_wakeup();
                        return (NULL);
                }
                KASSERT(m->dirty == 0, ("Found dirty cache page %p", m));
                vm_page_busy(m);
                vm_page_protect(m, VM_PROT_NONE);
                vm_page_free(m);
                goto loop;
        } else {
                /*
                 * Not allocatable from cache from interrupt, give up.
                 */
                splx(s);
                vm_pageout_deficit++;
                pagedaemon_wakeup();
                return (NULL);
        }

        /*
         *  At this point we had better have found a good page.
         */

        KASSERT(
            m != NULL,
            ("vm_page_alloc(): missing page on free queue\n")
        );

        /*
         * Remove from free queue
         */

        vm_page_unqueue_nowakeup(m);

        /*
         * Initialize structure.  Only the PG_ZERO flag is inherited.
         */

        if (m->flags & PG_ZERO) {
                vm_page_zero_count--;
                m->flags = PG_ZERO | PG_BUSY;
        } else {
                m->flags = PG_BUSY;
        }
        m->wire_count = 0;
        m->hold_count = 0;
        m->act_count = 0;
        m->busy = 0;
        m->valid = 0;
        KASSERT(m->dirty == 0, ("vm_page_alloc: free/cache page %p was dirty", m));

        /*
         * vm_page_insert() is safe prior to the splx().  Note also that
         * inserting a page here does not insert it into the pmap (which
         * could cause us to block allocating memory).  We cannot block 
         * anywhere.
         */

        vm_page_insert(m, object, pindex);

        /*
         * Don't wakeup too often - wakeup the pageout daemon when
         * we would be nearly out of memory.
         */
        if (vm_paging_needed())
                pagedaemon_wakeup();

        splx(s);

        return (m);
}

/*
 *      vm_wait:        (also see VM_WAIT macro)
 *
 *      Block until free pages are available for allocation
 *      - Called in various places before memory allocations.
 */

void
vm_wait(void)
{
        int s;

        s = splvm();
        if (curproc == pageproc) {
                vm_pageout_pages_needed = 1;
                tsleep(&vm_pageout_pages_needed, PSWP, "VMWait", 0);
        } else {
                if (!vm_pages_needed) {
                        vm_pages_needed = 1;
                        wakeup(&vm_pages_needed);
                }
                tsleep(&cnt.v_free_count, PVM, "vmwait", 0);
        }
        splx(s);
}

/*
 *      vm_waitpfault:  (also see VM_WAITPFAULT macro)
 *
 *      Block until free pages are available for allocation
 *      - Called only in vm_fault so that processes page faulting
 *        can be easily tracked.
 *      - Sleeps at a lower priority than vm_wait() so that vm_wait()ing
 *        processes will be able to grab memory first.  Do not change
 *        this balance without careful testing first.
 */

void
vm_waitpfault(void)
{
        int s;

        s = splvm();
        if (!vm_pages_needed) {
                vm_pages_needed = 1;
                wakeup(&vm_pages_needed);
        }
        tsleep(&cnt.v_free_count, PUSER, "pfault", 0);
        splx(s);
}

/*
 *      vm_await:       (also see VM_AWAIT macro)
 *
 *      asleep on an event that will signal when free pages are available
 *      for allocation.
 */

void
vm_await(void)
{
        int s;

        s = splvm();
        if (curproc == pageproc) {
                vm_pageout_pages_needed = 1;
                asleep(&vm_pageout_pages_needed, PSWP, "vmwait", 0);
        } else {
                if (!vm_pages_needed) {
                        vm_pages_needed++;
                        wakeup(&vm_pages_needed);
                }
                asleep(&cnt.v_free_count, PVM, "vmwait", 0);
        }
        splx(s);
}

#if 0
/*
 *      vm_page_sleep:
 *
 *      Block until page is no longer busy.
 */

int
vm_page_sleep(vm_page_t m, char *msg, char *busy) 
{
        int slept = 0;
        if ((busy && *busy) || (m->flags & PG_BUSY)) {
                int s;
                s = splvm();
                if ((busy && *busy) || (m->flags & PG_BUSY)) {
                        vm_page_flag_set(m, PG_WANTED);
                        tsleep(m, PVM, msg, 0);
                        slept = 1;
                }
                splx(s);
        }
        return slept;
}

#endif

#if 0

/*
 *      vm_page_asleep:
 *
 *      Similar to vm_page_sleep(), but does not block.  Returns 0 if
 *      the page is not busy, or 1 if the page is busy.
 *
 *      This routine has the side effect of calling asleep() if the page
 *      was busy (1 returned).
 */

int
vm_page_asleep(vm_page_t m, char *msg, char *busy) 
{
        int slept = 0;
        if ((busy && *busy) || (m->flags & PG_BUSY)) {
                int s;
                s = splvm();
                if ((busy && *busy) || (m->flags & PG_BUSY)) {
                        vm_page_flag_set(m, PG_WANTED);
                        asleep(m, PVM, msg, 0);
                        slept = 1;
                }
                splx(s);
        }
        return slept;
}

#endif

/*
 *      vm_page_activate:
 *
 *      Put the specified page on the active list (if appropriate).
 *      Ensure that act_count is at least ACT_INIT but do not otherwise
 *      mess with it.
 *
 *      The page queues must be locked.
 *      This routine may not block.
 */
void
vm_page_activate(vm_page_t m)
{
        int s;

        s = splvm();
        if (m->queue != PQ_ACTIVE) {
                if ((m->queue - m->pc) == PQ_CACHE)
                        cnt.v_reactivated++;

                vm_page_unqueue(m);

                if (m->wire_count == 0 && (m->flags & PG_UNMANAGED) == 0) {
                        m->queue = PQ_ACTIVE;
                        vm_page_queues[PQ_ACTIVE].lcnt++;
                        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&vm_page_queues[PQ_ACTIVE].pl, m, pageq);
                        if (m->act_count < ACT_INIT)
                                m->act_count = ACT_INIT;
                        cnt.v_active_count++;
                }
        } else {
                if (m->act_count < ACT_INIT)
                        m->act_count = ACT_INIT;
        }

        splx(s);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_free_wakeup:
 *
 *      Helper routine for vm_page_free_toq() and vm_page_cache().  This
 *      routine is called when a page has been added to the cache or free
 *      queues.
 *
 *      This routine may not block.
 *      This routine must be called at splvm()
 */
static __inline void
vm_page_free_wakeup(void)
{
        /*
         * if pageout daemon needs pages, then tell it that there are
         * some free.
         */
        if (vm_pageout_pages_needed &&
            cnt.v_cache_count + cnt.v_free_count >= cnt.v_pageout_free_min) {
                wakeup(&vm_pageout_pages_needed);
                vm_pageout_pages_needed = 0;
        }
        /*
         * wakeup processes that are waiting on memory if we hit a
         * high water mark. And wakeup scheduler process if we have
         * lots of memory. this process will swapin processes.
         */
        if (vm_pages_needed && !vm_page_count_min()) {
                vm_pages_needed = 0;
                wakeup(&cnt.v_free_count);
        }
}

/*
 *      vm_page_free_toq:
 *
 *      Returns the given page to the PQ_FREE list,
 *      disassociating it with any VM object.
 *
 *      Object and page must be locked prior to entry.
 *      This routine may not block.
 */

void
vm_page_free_toq(vm_page_t m)
{
        int s;
        struct vpgqueues *pq;
        vm_object_t object = m->object;

        s = splvm();

        cnt.v_tfree++;

        if (m->busy || ((m->queue - m->pc) == PQ_FREE)) {
                printf(
                "vm_page_free: pindex(%lu), busy(%d), PG_BUSY(%d), hold(%d)\n",
                    (u_long)m->pindex, m->busy, (m->flags & PG_BUSY) ? 1 : 0,
                    m->hold_count);
                if ((m->queue - m->pc) == PQ_FREE)
                        panic("vm_page_free: freeing free page");
                else
                        panic("vm_page_free: freeing busy page");
        }

        /*
         * unqueue, then remove page.  Note that we cannot destroy
         * the page here because we do not want to call the pager's
         * callback routine until after we've put the page on the
         * appropriate free queue.
         */

        vm_page_unqueue_nowakeup(m);
        vm_page_remove(m);

        /*
         * If fictitious remove object association and
         * return, otherwise delay object association removal.
         */

        if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0) {
                splx(s);
                return;
        }

        m->valid = 0;
        vm_page_undirty(m);

        if (m->wire_count != 0) {
                if (m->wire_count > 1) {
                        panic("vm_page_free: invalid wire count (%d), pindex: 0x%lx",
                                m->wire_count, (long)m->pindex);
                }
                panic("vm_page_free: freeing wired page\n");
        }

        /*
         * If we've exhausted the object's resident pages we want to free
         * it up.
         */

        if (object && 
            (object->type == OBJT_VNODE) &&
            ((object->flags & OBJ_DEAD) == 0)
        ) {
                struct vnode *vp = (struct vnode *)object->handle;

                if (vp && VSHOULDFREE(vp))
                        vfree(vp);
        }

        /*
         * Clear the UNMANAGED flag when freeing an unmanaged page.
         */

        if (m->flags & PG_UNMANAGED) {
            m->flags &= ~PG_UNMANAGED;
        } else {
#ifdef __alpha__
            pmap_page_is_free(m);
#endif
        }

        if (m->hold_count != 0) {
                m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
                m->queue = PQ_HOLD;
        } else
                m->queue = PQ_FREE + m->pc;
        pq = &vm_page_queues[m->queue];
        pq->lcnt++;
        ++(*pq->cnt);

        /*
         * Put zero'd pages on the end ( where we look for zero'd pages
         * first ) and non-zerod pages at the head.
         */

        if (m->flags & PG_ZERO) {
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pq->pl, m, pageq);
                ++vm_page_zero_count;
        } else {
                TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&pq->pl, m, pageq);
        }

        vm_page_free_wakeup();

        splx(s);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_unmanage:
 *
 *      Prevent PV management from being done on the page.  The page is
 *      removed from the paging queues as if it were wired, and as a 
 *      consequence of no longer being managed the pageout daemon will not
 *      touch it (since there is no way to locate the pte mappings for the
 *      page).  madvise() calls that mess with the pmap will also no longer
 *      operate on the page.
 *
 *      Beyond that the page is still reasonably 'normal'.  Freeing the page
 *      will clear the flag.
 *
 *      This routine is used by OBJT_PHYS objects - objects using unswappable
 *      physical memory as backing store rather then swap-backed memory and
 *      will eventually be extended to support 4MB unmanaged physical 
 *      mappings.
 */

void
vm_page_unmanage(vm_page_t m)
{
        int s;

        s = splvm();
        if ((m->flags & PG_UNMANAGED) == 0) {
                if (m->wire_count == 0)
                        vm_page_unqueue(m);
        }
        vm_page_flag_set(m, PG_UNMANAGED);
        splx(s);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_wire:
 *
 *      Mark this page as wired down by yet
 *      another map, removing it from paging queues
 *      as necessary.
 *
 *      The page queues must be locked.
 *      This routine may not block.
 */
void
vm_page_wire(vm_page_t m)
{
        int s;

        /*
         * Only bump the wire statistics if the page is not already wired,
         * and only unqueue the page if it is on some queue (if it is unmanaged
         * it is already off the queues).
         */
        s = splvm();
        if (m->wire_count == 0) {
                if ((m->flags & PG_UNMANAGED) == 0)
                        vm_page_unqueue(m);
                cnt.v_wire_count++;
        }
        m->wire_count++;
        KASSERT(m->wire_count != 0,
            ("vm_page_wire: wire_count overflow m=%p", m));

        splx(s);
        vm_page_flag_set(m, PG_MAPPED);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_unwire:
 *
 *      Release one wiring of this page, potentially
 *      enabling it to be paged again.
 *
 *      Many pages placed on the inactive queue should actually go
 *      into the cache, but it is difficult to figure out which.  What
 *      we do instead, if the inactive target is well met, is to put
 *      clean pages at the head of the inactive queue instead of the tail.
 *      This will cause them to be moved to the cache more quickly and
 *      if not actively re-referenced, freed more quickly.  If we just
 *      stick these pages at the end of the inactive queue, heavy filesystem
 *      meta-data accesses can cause an unnecessary paging load on memory bound 
 *      processes.  This optimization causes one-time-use metadata to be
 *      reused more quickly.
 *
 *      BUT, if we are in a low-memory situation we have no choice but to
 *      put clean pages on the cache queue.
 *
 *      A number of routines use vm_page_unwire() to guarantee that the page
 *      will go into either the inactive or active queues, and will NEVER
 *      be placed in the cache - for example, just after dirtying a page.
 *      dirty pages in the cache are not allowed.
 *
 *      The page queues must be locked.
 *      This routine may not block.
 */
void
vm_page_unwire(vm_page_t m, int activate)
{
        int s;

        s = splvm();

        if (m->wire_count > 0) {
                m->wire_count--;
                if (m->wire_count == 0) {
                        cnt.v_wire_count--;
                        if (m->flags & PG_UNMANAGED) {
                                ;
                        } else if (activate) {
                                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&vm_page_queues[PQ_ACTIVE].pl, m, pageq);
                                m->queue = PQ_ACTIVE;
                                vm_page_queues[PQ_ACTIVE].lcnt++;
                                cnt.v_active_count++;
                        } else {
                                vm_page_flag_clear(m, PG_WINATCFLS);
                                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&vm_page_queues[PQ_INACTIVE].pl, m, pageq);
                                m->queue = PQ_INACTIVE;
                                vm_page_queues[PQ_INACTIVE].lcnt++;
                                cnt.v_inactive_count++;
                        }
                }
        } else {
                panic("vm_page_unwire: invalid wire count: %d\n", m->wire_count);
        }
        splx(s);
}


/*
 * Move the specified page to the inactive queue.  If the page has
 * any associated swap, the swap is deallocated.
 *
 * Normally athead is 0 resulting in LRU operation.  athead is set
 * to 1 if we want this page to be 'as if it were placed in the cache',
 * except without unmapping it from the process address space.
 *
 * This routine may not block.
 */
static __inline void
_vm_page_deactivate(vm_page_t m, int athead)
{
        int s;

        /*
         * Ignore if already inactive.
         */
        if (m->queue == PQ_INACTIVE)
                return;

        s = splvm();
        if (m->wire_count == 0 && (m->flags & PG_UNMANAGED) == 0) {
                if ((m->queue - m->pc) == PQ_CACHE)
                        cnt.v_reactivated++;
                vm_page_flag_clear(m, PG_WINATCFLS);
                vm_page_unqueue(m);
                if (athead)
                        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&vm_page_queues[PQ_INACTIVE].pl, m, pageq);
                else
                        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&vm_page_queues[PQ_INACTIVE].pl, m, pageq);
                m->queue = PQ_INACTIVE;
                vm_page_queues[PQ_INACTIVE].lcnt++;
                cnt.v_inactive_count++;
        }
        splx(s);
}

void
vm_page_deactivate(vm_page_t m)
{
    _vm_page_deactivate(m, 0);
}

/*
 * vm_page_try_to_cache:
 *
 * Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success
 */
int
vm_page_try_to_cache(vm_page_t m)
{
        if (m->dirty || m->hold_count || m->busy || m->wire_count ||
            (m->flags & (PG_BUSY|PG_UNMANAGED))) {
                return(0);
        }
        vm_page_test_dirty(m);
        if (m->dirty)
                return(0);
        vm_page_cache(m);
        return(1);
}

/*
 * vm_page_try_to_free()
 *
 *      Attempt to free the page.  If we cannot free it, we do nothing.
 *      1 is returned on success, 0 on failure.
 */

int
vm_page_try_to_free(vm_page_t m)
{
        if (m->dirty || m->hold_count || m->busy || m->wire_count ||
            (m->flags & (PG_BUSY|PG_UNMANAGED))) {
                return(0);
        }
        vm_page_test_dirty(m);
        if (m->dirty)
                return(0);
        vm_page_busy(m);
        vm_page_protect(m, VM_PROT_NONE);
        vm_page_free(m);
        return(1);
}


/*
 * vm_page_cache
 *
 * Put the specified page onto the page cache queue (if appropriate).
 *
 * This routine may not block.
 */
void
vm_page_cache(vm_page_t m)
{
        int s;

        if ((m->flags & (PG_BUSY|PG_UNMANAGED)) || m->busy || m->wire_count) {
                printf("vm_page_cache: attempting to cache busy page\n");
                return;
        }
        if ((m->queue - m->pc) == PQ_CACHE)
                return;

        /*
         * Remove all pmaps and indicate that the page is not
         * writeable or mapped.
         */

        vm_page_protect(m, VM_PROT_NONE);
        if (m->dirty != 0) {
                panic("vm_page_cache: caching a dirty page, pindex: %ld",
                        (long)m->pindex);
        }
        s = splvm();
        vm_page_unqueue_nowakeup(m);
        m->queue = PQ_CACHE + m->pc;
        vm_page_queues[m->queue].lcnt++;
        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&vm_page_queues[m->queue].pl, m, pageq);
        cnt.v_cache_count++;
        vm_page_free_wakeup();
        splx(s);
}

/*
 * vm_page_dontneed
 *
 *      Cache, deactivate, or do nothing as appropriate.  This routine
 *      is typically used by madvise() MADV_DONTNEED.
 *
 *      Generally speaking we want to move the page into the cache so
 *      it gets reused quickly.  However, this can result in a silly syndrome
 *      due to the page recycling too quickly.  Small objects will not be
 *      fully cached.  On the otherhand, if we move the page to the inactive
 *      queue we wind up with a problem whereby very large objects 
 *      unnecessarily blow away our inactive and cache queues.
 *
 *      The solution is to move the pages based on a fixed weighting.  We
 *      either leave them alone, deactivate them, or move them to the cache,
 *      where moving them to the cache has the highest weighting.
 *      By forcing some pages into other queues we eventually force the
 *      system to balance the queues, potentially recovering other unrelated
 *      space from active.  The idea is to not force this to happen too
 *      often.
 */

void
vm_page_dontneed(vm_page_t m)
{
        static int dnweight;
        int dnw;
        int head;

        dnw = ++dnweight;

        /*
         * occassionally leave the page alone
         */

        if ((dnw & 0x01F0) == 0 ||
            m->queue == PQ_INACTIVE || 
            m->queue - m->pc == PQ_CACHE
        ) {
                if (m->act_count >= ACT_INIT)
                        --m->act_count;
                return;
        }

        if (m->dirty == 0)
                vm_page_test_dirty(m);

        if (m->dirty || (dnw & 0x0070) == 0) {
                /*
                 * Deactivate the page 3 times out of 32.
                 */
                head = 0;
        } else {
                /*
                 * Cache the page 28 times out of every 32.  Note that
                 * the page is deactivated instead of cached, but placed
                 * at the head of the queue instead of the tail.
                 */
                head = 1;
        }
        _vm_page_deactivate(m, head);
}

/*
 * Grab a page, waiting until we are waken up due to the page
 * changing state.  We keep on waiting, if the page continues
 * to be in the object.  If the page doesn't exist, allocate it.
 *
 * This routine may block.
 */
vm_page_t
vm_page_grab(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int allocflags)
{

        vm_page_t m;
        int s, generation;

retrylookup:
        if ((m = vm_page_lookup(object, pindex)) != NULL) {
                if (m->busy || (m->flags & PG_BUSY)) {
                        generation = object->generation;

                        s = splvm();
                        while ((object->generation == generation) &&
                                        (m->busy || (m->flags & PG_BUSY))) {
                                vm_page_flag_set(m, PG_WANTED | PG_REFERENCED);
                                tsleep(m, PVM, "pgrbwt", 0);
                                if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_RETRY) == 0) {
                                        splx(s);
                                        return NULL;
                                }
                        }
                        splx(s);
                        goto retrylookup;
                } else {
                        vm_page_busy(m);
                        return m;
                }
        }

        m = vm_page_alloc(object, pindex, allocflags & ~VM_ALLOC_RETRY);
        if (m == NULL) {
                VM_WAIT;
                if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_RETRY) == 0)
                        return NULL;
                goto retrylookup;
        }

        return m;
}

/*
 * Mapping function for valid bits or for dirty bits in
 * a page.  May not block.
 *
 * Inputs are required to range within a page.
 */

__inline int
vm_page_bits(int base, int size)
{
        int first_bit;
        int last_bit;

        KASSERT(
            base + size <= PAGE_SIZE,
            ("vm_page_bits: illegal base/size %d/%d", base, size)
        );

        if (size == 0)          /* handle degenerate case */
                return(0);

        first_bit = base >> DEV_BSHIFT;
        last_bit = (base + size - 1) >> DEV_BSHIFT;

        return ((2 << last_bit) - (1 << first_bit));
}

/*
 *      vm_page_set_validclean:
 *
 *      Sets portions of a page valid and clean.  The arguments are expected
 *      to be DEV_BSIZE aligned but if they aren't the bitmap is inclusive
 *      of any partial chunks touched by the range.  The invalid portion of
 *      such chunks will be zero'd.
 *
 *      This routine may not block.
 *
 *      (base + size) must be less then or equal to PAGE_SIZE.
 */
void
vm_page_set_validclean(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
{
        int pagebits;
        int frag;
        int endoff;

        if (size == 0)  /* handle degenerate case */
                return;

        /*
         * If the base is not DEV_BSIZE aligned and the valid
         * bit is clear, we have to zero out a portion of the
         * first block.
         */

        if ((frag = base & ~(DEV_BSIZE - 1)) != base &&
            (m->valid & (1 << (base >> DEV_BSHIFT))) == 0
        ) {
                pmap_zero_page_area(
                    VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m),
                    frag,
                    base - frag
                );
        }

        /*
         * If the ending offset is not DEV_BSIZE aligned and the 
         * valid bit is clear, we have to zero out a portion of
         * the last block.
         */

        endoff = base + size;

        if ((frag = endoff & ~(DEV_BSIZE - 1)) != endoff &&
            (m->valid & (1 << (endoff >> DEV_BSHIFT))) == 0
        ) {
                pmap_zero_page_area(
                    VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m),
                    endoff,
                    DEV_BSIZE - (endoff & (DEV_BSIZE - 1))
                );
        }

        /*
         * Set valid, clear dirty bits.  If validating the entire
         * page we can safely clear the pmap modify bit.  We also
         * use this opportunity to clear the PG_NOSYNC flag.  If a process
         * takes a write fault on a MAP_NOSYNC memory area the flag will
         * be set again.
         *
         * We set valid bits inclusive of any overlap, but we can only
         * clear dirty bits for DEV_BSIZE chunks that are fully within
         * the range.
         */

        pagebits = vm_page_bits(base, size);
        m->valid |= pagebits;
#if 0   /* NOT YET */
        if ((frag = base & (DEV_BSIZE - 1)) != 0) {
                frag = DEV_BSIZE - frag;
                base += frag;
                size -= frag;
                if (size < 0)
                    size = 0;
        }
        pagebits = vm_page_bits(base, size & (DEV_BSIZE - 1));
#endif
        m->dirty &= ~pagebits;
        if (base == 0 && size == PAGE_SIZE) {
                pmap_clear_modify(m);
                vm_page_flag_clear(m, PG_NOSYNC);
        }
}

#if 0

void
vm_page_set_dirty(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
{
        m->dirty |= vm_page_bits(base, size);
}

#endif

void
vm_page_clear_dirty(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
{
        m->dirty &= ~vm_page_bits(base, size);
}

/*
 *      vm_page_set_invalid:
 *
 *      Invalidates DEV_BSIZE'd chunks within a page.  Both the
 *      valid and dirty bits for the effected areas are cleared.
 *
 *      May not block.
 */
void
vm_page_set_invalid(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
{
        int bits;

        bits = vm_page_bits(base, size);
        m->valid &= ~bits;
        m->dirty &= ~bits;
        m->object->generation++;
}

/*
 * vm_page_zero_invalid()
 *
 *      The kernel assumes that the invalid portions of a page contain 
 *      garbage, but such pages can be mapped into memory by user code.
 *      When this occurs, we must zero out the non-valid portions of the
 *      page so user code sees what it expects.
 *
 *      Pages are most often semi-valid when the end of a file is mapped 
 *      into memory and the file's size is not page aligned.
 */

void
vm_page_zero_invalid(vm_page_t m, boolean_t setvalid)
{
        int b;
        int i;

        /*
         * Scan the valid bits looking for invalid sections that
         * must be zerod.  Invalid sub-DEV_BSIZE'd areas ( where the
         * valid bit may be set ) have already been zerod by
         * vm_page_set_validclean().
         */

        for (b = i = 0; i <= PAGE_SIZE / DEV_BSIZE; ++i) {
                if (i == (PAGE_SIZE / DEV_BSIZE) || 
                    (m->valid & (1 << i))
                ) {
                        if (i > b) {
                                pmap_zero_page_area(
                                    VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m), 
                                    b << DEV_BSHIFT,
                                    (i - b) << DEV_BSHIFT
                                );
                        }
                        b = i + 1;
                }
        }

        /*
         * setvalid is TRUE when we can safely set the zero'd areas
         * as being valid.  We can do this if there are no cache consistency
         * issues.  e.g. it is ok to do with UFS, but not ok to do with NFS.
         */

        if (setvalid)
                m->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
}

/*
 *      vm_page_is_valid:
 *
 *      Is (partial) page valid?  Note that the case where size == 0
 *      will return FALSE in the degenerate case where the page is
 *      entirely invalid, and TRUE otherwise.
 *
 *      May not block.
 */

int
vm_page_is_valid(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
{
        int bits = vm_page_bits(base, size);

        if (m->valid && ((m->valid & bits) == bits))
                return 1;
        else
                return 0;
}

/*
 * update dirty bits from pmap/mmu.  May not block.
 */

void
vm_page_test_dirty(vm_page_t m)
{
        if ((m->dirty != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) && pmap_is_modified(m)) {
                vm_page_dirty(m);
        }
}

/*
 * This interface is for merging with malloc() someday.
 * Even if we never implement compaction so that contiguous allocation
 * works after initialization time, malloc()'s data structures are good
 * for statistics and for allocations of less than a page.
 */
void *
contigmalloc1(
        unsigned long size,     /* should be size_t here and for malloc() */
        struct malloc_type *type,
        int flags,
        unsigned long low,
        unsigned long high,
        unsigned long alignment,
        unsigned long boundary,
        vm_map_t map)
{
        int i, s, start;
        vm_offset_t addr, phys, tmp_addr;
        int pass;
        vm_page_t pga = vm_page_array;

        size = round_page(size);
        if (size == 0)
                panic("contigmalloc1: size must not be 0");
        if ((alignment & (alignment - 1)) != 0)
                panic("contigmalloc1: alignment must be a power of 2");
        if ((boundary & (boundary - 1)) != 0)
                panic("contigmalloc1: boundary must be a power of 2");

        start = 0;
        for (pass = 0; pass <= 1; pass++) {
                s = splvm();
again:
                /*
                 * Find first page in array that is free, within range, aligned, and
                 * such that the boundary won't be crossed.
                 */
                for (i = start; i < cnt.v_page_count; i++) {
                        int pqtype;
                        phys = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(&pga[i]);
                        pqtype = pga[i].queue - pga[i].pc;
                        if (((pqtype == PQ_FREE) || (pqtype == PQ_CACHE)) &&
                            (phys >= low) && (phys < high) &&
                            ((phys & (alignment - 1)) == 0) &&
                            (((phys ^ (phys + size - 1)) & ~(boundary - 1)) == 0))
                                break;
                }

                /*
                 * If the above failed or we will exceed the upper bound, fail.
                 */
                if ((i == cnt.v_page_count) ||
                        ((VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(&pga[i]) + size) > high)) {
                        vm_page_t m, next;

again1:
                        for (m = TAILQ_FIRST(&vm_page_queues[PQ_INACTIVE].pl);
                                m != NULL;
                                m = next) {

                                KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_INACTIVE,
                                        ("contigmalloc1: page %p is not PQ_INACTIVE", m));

                                next = TAILQ_NEXT(m, pageq);
                                if (vm_page_sleep_busy(m, TRUE, "vpctw0"))
                                        goto again1;
                                vm_page_test_dirty(m);
                                if (m->dirty) {
                                        if (m->object->type == OBJT_VNODE) {
                                                vn_lock(m->object->handle, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY, curproc);
                                                vm_object_page_clean(m->object, 0, 0, OBJPC_SYNC);
                                                VOP_UNLOCK(m->object->handle, 0, curproc);
                                                goto again1;
                                        } else if (m->object->type == OBJT_SWAP ||
                                                                m->object->type == OBJT_DEFAULT) {
                                                vm_pageout_flush(&m, 1, 0);
                                                goto again1;
                                        }
                                }
                                if ((m->dirty == 0) && (m->busy == 0) && (m->hold_count == 0))
                                        vm_page_cache(m);
                        }

                        for (m = TAILQ_FIRST(&vm_page_queues[PQ_ACTIVE].pl);
                                m != NULL;
                                m = next) {

                                KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_ACTIVE,
                                        ("contigmalloc1: page %p is not PQ_ACTIVE", m));

                                next = TAILQ_NEXT(m, pageq);
                                if (vm_page_sleep_busy(m, TRUE, "vpctw1"))
                                        goto again1;
                                vm_page_test_dirty(m);
                                if (m->dirty) {
                                        if (m->object->type == OBJT_VNODE) {
                                                vn_lock(m->object->handle, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY, curproc);
                                                vm_object_page_clean(m->object, 0, 0, OBJPC_SYNC);
                                                VOP_UNLOCK(m->object->handle, 0, curproc);
                                                goto again1;
                                        } else if (m->object->type == OBJT_SWAP ||
                                                                m->object->type == OBJT_DEFAULT) {
                                                vm_pageout_flush(&m, 1, 0);
                                                goto again1;
                                        }
                                }
                                if ((m->dirty == 0) && (m->busy == 0) && (m->hold_count == 0))
                                        vm_page_cache(m);
                        }

                        splx(s);
                        continue;
                }
                start = i;

                /*
                 * Check successive pages for contiguous and free.
                 */
                for (i = start + 1; i < (start + size / PAGE_SIZE); i++) {
                        int pqtype;
                        pqtype = pga[i].queue - pga[i].pc;
                        if ((VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(&pga[i]) !=
                            (VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(&pga[i - 1]) + PAGE_SIZE)) ||
                            ((pqtype != PQ_FREE) && (pqtype != PQ_CACHE))) {
                                start++;
                                goto again;
                        }
                }

                for (i = start; i < (start + size / PAGE_SIZE); i++) {
                        int pqtype;
                        vm_page_t m = &pga[i];

                        pqtype = m->queue - m->pc;
                        if (pqtype == PQ_CACHE) {
                                vm_page_busy(m);
                                vm_page_free(m);
                        }
                        vm_page_unqueue_nowakeup(m);
                        m->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
                        if (m->flags & PG_ZERO)
                                vm_page_zero_count--;
                        m->flags = 0;
                        KASSERT(m->dirty == 0, ("contigmalloc1: page %p was dirty", m));
                        m->wire_count = 0;
                        m->busy = 0;
                        m->object = NULL;
                }

                /*
                 * We've found a contiguous chunk that meets are requirements.
                 * Allocate kernel VM, unfree and assign the physical pages to it and
                 * return kernel VM pointer.
                 */
                vm_map_lock(map);
                if (vm_map_findspace(map, vm_map_min(map), size, &addr) !=
                    KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        /*
                         * XXX We almost never run out of kernel virtual
                         * space, so we don't make the allocated memory
                         * above available.
                         */
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
                        splx(s);
                        return (NULL);
                }
                vm_object_reference(kernel_object);
                vm_map_insert(map, kernel_object, addr - VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS,
                    addr, addr + size, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
                vm_map_unlock(map);

                tmp_addr = addr;
                for (i = start; i < (start + size / PAGE_SIZE); i++) {
                        vm_page_t m = &pga[i];
                        vm_page_insert(m, kernel_object,
                                OFF_TO_IDX(tmp_addr - VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS));
                        tmp_addr += PAGE_SIZE;
                }
                vm_map_pageable(map, addr, addr + size, FALSE);

                splx(s);
                return ((void *)addr);
        }
        return NULL;
}

void *
contigmalloc(
        unsigned long size,     /* should be size_t here and for malloc() */
        struct malloc_type *type,
        int flags,
        unsigned long low,
        unsigned long high,
        unsigned long alignment,
        unsigned long boundary)
{
        return contigmalloc1(size, type, flags, low, high, alignment, boundary,
                             kernel_map);
}

void
contigfree(void *addr, unsigned long size, struct malloc_type *type)
{
        kmem_free(kernel_map, (vm_offset_t)addr, size);
}

vm_offset_t
vm_page_alloc_contig(
        vm_offset_t size,
        vm_offset_t low,
        vm_offset_t high,
        vm_offset_t alignment)
{
        return ((vm_offset_t)contigmalloc1(size, M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT, low, high,
                                          alignment, 0ul, kernel_map));
}

#include "opt_ddb.h"
#ifdef DDB
#include <sys/kernel.h>

#include <ddb/ddb.h>

DB_SHOW_COMMAND(page, vm_page_print_page_info)
{
        db_printf("cnt.v_free_count: %d\n", cnt.v_free_count);
        db_printf("cnt.v_cache_count: %d\n", cnt.v_cache_count);
        db_printf("cnt.v_inactive_count: %d\n", cnt.v_inactive_count);
        db_printf("cnt.v_active_count: %d\n", cnt.v_active_count);
        db_printf("cnt.v_wire_count: %d\n", cnt.v_wire_count);
        db_printf("cnt.v_free_reserved: %d\n", cnt.v_free_reserved);
        db_printf("cnt.v_free_min: %d\n", cnt.v_free_min);
        db_printf("cnt.v_free_target: %d\n", cnt.v_free_target);
        db_printf("cnt.v_cache_min: %d\n", cnt.v_cache_min);
        db_printf("cnt.v_inactive_target: %d\n", cnt.v_inactive_target);
}

DB_SHOW_COMMAND(pageq, vm_page_print_pageq_info)
{
        int i;
        db_printf("PQ_FREE:");
        for(i=0;i<PQ_L2_SIZE;i++) {
                db_printf(" %d", vm_page_queues[PQ_FREE + i].lcnt);
        }
        db_printf("\n");
                
        db_printf("PQ_CACHE:");
        for(i=0;i<PQ_L2_SIZE;i++) {
                db_printf(" %d", vm_page_queues[PQ_CACHE + i].lcnt);
        }
        db_printf("\n");

        db_printf("PQ_ACTIVE: %d, PQ_INACTIVE: %d\n",
                vm_page_queues[PQ_ACTIVE].lcnt,
                vm_page_queues[PQ_INACTIVE].lcnt);
}
#endif /* DDB */