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32 .\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/last/last.1,v 1.6.2.8 2003/02/25 20:31:18 trhodes Exp $
40 .Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys
63 utility will either list the sessions of specified
68 in reverse time order,
69 or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
70 Each line of output contains
71 the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
72 hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
74 If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
79 The following options are available:
80 .Bl -tag -width indent-two
86 Specify the snapshot date and time.
87 All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will
89 This may be used with the
91 option to derive the results from stored
94 When this argument is provided, all other options except for
99 The argument should be in the form
101 .Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY
106 where each pair of letters represents the following:
108 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
110 The first two digits of the year (the century).
112 The second two digits of the year.
119 between 69 and 99 results in a
126 Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
128 Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
130 Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
132 Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
134 Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.
141 letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current
145 letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
149 instead of the default,
153 names may be names or internet numbers.
155 Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the
156 default days, hours and minutes.
160 Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
164 .Dq Li "last -t tty03" .
166 Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the
167 default days, hours and minutes.
169 Report the year in the session start time.
172 If multiple arguments are given,
173 and a snapshot time is not specified,
174 the information which applies to any of the
175 arguments is printed, e.g.,
176 .Dq Li "last root -t console"
179 sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
181 users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
184 all logins and logouts.
188 logs in at reboots of the system, thus
190 will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
194 is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
196 If interrupted with a quit signal
199 far the search has progressed and then continues.
201 .Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact
210 If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
211 that a logout record won't be written to the
216 will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".