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40 .Nd maintain program dependencies
55 .Op Ar variable Ns No = Ns Ar value
60 utility is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other programs.
61 Its input is a list of specifications
62 describing dependency relationships between the generation of
68 that can be found in either the current directory or a special object directory
71 will be read for this list of specifications.
74 can be found, it is also read (see
77 This manual page is intended as a reference document only.
78 For a more thorough introduction to
80 and makefiles, please refer to
81 .%T "Make \- A Tutorial" .
83 The options are as follows:
86 Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per command and
87 by executing the commands to make the sources of a dependency line in sequence.
88 This is turned on by default unless
98 to be 1, in the global context.
100 Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of
102 are to print debugging information.
105 is one or more of the following:
108 Print all possible debugging information;
109 equivalent to specifying all of the debugging flags.
111 Print debugging information about archive searching and caching.
113 Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
115 Print debugging information about directory searching and caching.
117 Print debugging information about the execution of for loops.
121 Print the input graph before making anything.
123 Print the input graph after making everything, or before exiting
126 Print debugging information about running multiple shells.
128 Print commands in Makefiles regardless of whether or not they are prefixed
129 by @ or other "quiet" flags.
130 Also known as "loud" behavior.
132 Print debugging information about making targets, including modification
135 Print debugging information about suffix-transformation rules.
137 Print debugging information about target list maintenance.
139 Print debugging information about variable assignment.
142 Specify a variable whose environment value (if any) will override
143 macro assignments within makefiles.
145 Specify that environment values override macro assignments within
146 makefiles for all variables.
148 Specify a makefile to read instead of the default
156 standard input is read.
157 Multiple makefiles may be specified, and are read in the order specified.
158 .It Fl I Ar directory
159 Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included makefiles.
160 The system makefile directory (or directories, see the
162 option) is automatically included as part of this list.
164 Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile.
165 Equivalent to specifying
167 before each command line in the makefile.
169 Specify the maximum number of jobs that
171 may have running at any one time.
172 Turns compatibility mode off, unless the
174 flag is also specified.
176 Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on those targets
177 that do not depend on the target whose creation caused the error.
178 .It Fl m Ar directory
179 Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles included
181 Multiple directories can be added to form a search path.
182 This path will override the default system include path:
184 Furthermore, the system include path will be appended to the search path used
185 for "..."-style inclusions (see the
189 Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not actually
192 Collate the output of a given job and display it only when the job finishes,
193 instead of mixing the output of parallel jobs together.
194 This option has no effect unless
198 Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets are
199 up-to-date and 1, otherwise.
201 Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
203 Stop processing when an error is encountered.
205 This is needed to negate the
207 option during recursive builds.
209 Do not echo any commands as they are executed.
210 Equivalent to specifying
212 before each command line in the makefile.
214 Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile, create it
215 or update its modification time to make it appear up-to-date.
221 in the global context.
222 Do not build any targets.
223 Multiple instances of this option may be specified;
224 the variables will be printed one per line,
225 with a blank line for each null or undefined variable.
228 For multi-job makes, this will cause file banners to be generated.
232 option to print the values of variables,
233 do not recursively expand the values.
234 .It Ar variable Ns No = Ns Ar value
235 Set the value of the variable
241 There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
242 specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
243 conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
245 In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
246 them with a backslash
248 The trailing newline character and initial whitespace on the following
249 line are compressed into a single space.
250 .Sh FILE DEPENDENCY SPECIFICATIONS
251 Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero
253 This creates a relationship where the targets
256 and are usually created from them.
257 The exact relationship between the target and the source is determined
258 by the operator that separates them.
259 The three operators are as follows:
262 A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less than
263 those of any of its sources.
264 Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
266 The target is removed if
270 Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
271 examined and re-created as necessary.
272 Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
274 The target is removed if
278 If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created.
279 Otherwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources has
280 been modified more recently than the target.
281 Sources for a target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this
283 The target will not be removed if
288 Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard expressions
299 may only be used as part of the final
300 component of the target or source, and must be used to describe existing
304 need not necessarily be used to describe existing files.
305 Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as done in the shell.
307 Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, normally
308 used to create the target.
309 Each of the commands in this script
311 be preceded by a tab.
312 While any target may appear on a dependency line, only one of these
313 dependencies may be followed by a creation script, unless the
317 If the first or first two characters of the command line are
321 the command is treated specially.
324 causes the command not to be echoed before it is executed.
327 causes any non-zero exit status of the command line to be ignored.
328 .Sh VARIABLE ASSIGNMENTS
331 are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradition,
332 consist of all upper-case letters.
333 The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
337 Assign the value to the variable.
338 Any previous value is overridden.
340 Append the value to the current value of the variable.
342 Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
344 Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
346 Normally, expansion is not done until the variable is referenced.
348 Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and assign
349 the result to the variable.
350 Any newlines in the result are replaced with spaces.
353 Any whitespace before the assigned
355 is removed; if the value is being appended, a single space is inserted
356 between the previous contents of the variable and the appended value.
358 Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either
363 and preceding it with
366 If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surrounding
367 braces or parentheses are not required.
368 This shorter form is not recommended.
370 Variable substitution occurs at two distinct times, depending on where
371 the variable is being used.
372 Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
373 Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
376 The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing precedence)
379 .It Environment variables
380 Variables defined as part of
384 Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
385 .It Command line variables
386 Variables defined as part of the command line.
388 Variables that are defined specific to a certain target.
389 The seven local variables are as follows:
390 .Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
392 The list of all sources for this target; also known as
395 The name of the archive file; also known as
398 The name/path of the source from which the target is to be transformed
401 source); also known as
404 The name of the archive member; also known as
407 The list of sources for this target that were deemed out-of-date; also
411 The file prefix of the file, containing only the file portion, no suffix
412 or preceding directory components; also known as
415 The name of the target; also known as
428 are permitted for backward
429 compatibility and are not recommended.
439 permitted for compatibility with
441 makefiles and are not recommended.
443 Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency lines
444 because they expand to the proper value for each target on the line.
455 sets or knows about the following internal variables or environment
457 .Bl -tag -width MAKEFLAGS
463 expands to a single dollar
469 .Pq Va argv Ns Op 0 .
471 A path to the directory where
478 to the canonical path given by
481 A path to the directory where the targets are built.
484 searches for an alternate directory to place target files.
485 It will attempt to change into this special directory
486 and will search this directory for makefiles
487 not found in the current directory.
488 The following directories are tried in order:
492 ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}/`pwd`
503 The first directory that
505 successfully changes into is used.
510 is set in the environment but
512 is unable to change into the corresponding directory,
513 then the current directory is used
514 without checking the remainder of the list.
515 If they are undefined and
517 is unable to change into any of the remaining three directories,
518 then the current directory is used.
520 The environment variable
522 may contain anything that
526 Its contents are stored in
530 Anything specified on
532 command line is appended to the
534 variable which is then
535 entered into the environment as
537 for all programs which
543 provided for backward compatibility.
545 Alternate path to the current directory.
546 Supported if built with WANT_ENV_PWD defined.
550 to the canonical path given by
552 However, if the environment variable
554 is set and gives a path to the current directory, then
562 is always set to the value of
564 for all programs which
570 is currently building.
580 Name of the machine architecture
582 is running on, obtained from the
584 environment variable, or through
588 Name of the machine architecture
590 was compiled for, defined at compilation time.
592 Makefiles may assign a colon-delimited list of directories to
594 These directories will be searched for source files by
598 has finished parsing all input makefiles.
601 Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
604 is whitespace-delimited sequence of characters).
605 The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
607 .Dl {variable[:modifier[:...]]}
609 Each modifier begins with a colon and one of the following
611 The colon may be escaped with a backslash
615 .It Cm C No \&/ Ar pattern Xo
616 .No \&/ Ar replacement
622 modifier is just like the
624 modifier except that the old and new strings, instead of being
625 simple strings, are an extended regular expression (see
630 Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern in
631 each word of the value is changed.
634 modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one word; the
636 modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many instances of the
637 search pattern as occur in the word or words it is found in.
642 are orthogonal; the former specifies whether multiple words are
643 potentially affected, the latter whether multiple substitutions can
644 potentially occur within each affected word.
646 Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
648 Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last component.
650 Converts variable to lower-case letters.
651 .It Cm M Ns Ar pattern
652 Select only those words that match the rest of the modifier.
653 The standard shell wildcard characters
660 The wildcard characters may be escaped with a backslash
662 .It Cm N Ns Ar pattern
665 but selects all words which do not match
666 the rest of the modifier.
668 Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be passed
669 safely through recursive invocations of
672 Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
674 .It Cm S No \&/ Ar old_string Xo
675 .No \&/ Ar new_string
679 Modify the first occurrence of
681 in each word of the variable's value, replacing it with
685 is appended to the last slash of the pattern, all occurrences
686 in each word are replaced.
692 is anchored at the beginning of each word.
695 ends with a dollar sign
697 it is anchored at the end of each word.
704 Any character may be used as a delimiter for the parts of the modifier
706 The anchoring, ampersand, and delimiter characters may be escaped with a
710 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
714 with the single exception that a backslash is used to prevent the expansion
717 not a preceding dollar sign as is usual.
719 Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
720 .It Ar old_string=new_string
723 style variable substitution.
724 It must be the last modifier specified.
729 do not contain the pattern matching character
731 then it is assumed that they are
732 anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or entire
733 words may be replaced.
741 Converts variable to upper-case letters.
743 .Sh DIRECTIVES, CONDITIONALS, AND FOR LOOPS
744 Directives, conditionals, and for loops reminiscent
745 of the C programming language are provided in
747 All such structures are identified by a line beginning with a single
751 The following directives are supported:
753 .It Ic \&.include Ar <file>
754 .It Ic \&.include Ar \*qfile\*q
755 Include the specified makefile.
756 Variables between the angle brackets
757 or double quotes are expanded to form the file name.
759 are used, the included makefile is expected to be in the system
761 If double quotes are used, the including
762 makefile's directory and any directories specified using the
764 option are searched before the system
766 .It Ic \&.undef Ar variable
767 Un-define the specified global variable.
768 Only global variables may be un-defined.
769 .It Ic \&.error Ar message
770 Terminate processing of the makefile immediately.
772 makefile, the line on which the error was encountered and the specified
773 message are printed to standard output and
775 terminates with exit code 1.
776 Variables in the message are expanded.
779 Conditionals are used to determine which parts of the Makefile
781 They are used similarly to the conditionals supported
782 by the C pre-processor.
783 The following conditionals are supported:
787 .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar expression
788 .Op Ar operator expression ...
790 Test the value of an expression.
793 .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
794 .Op Ar operator variable ...
796 Test the value of a variable.
799 .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
800 .Op Ar operator variable ...
802 Test the value of a variable.
805 .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
806 .Op Ar operator target ...
808 Test the target being built.
811 .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
812 .Op Ar operator target ...
814 Test the target being built.
816 Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
819 .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar expression
820 .Op Ar operator expression ...
828 .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
829 .Op Ar operator variable ...
837 .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
838 .Op Ar operator variable ...
846 .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
847 .Op Ar operator target ...
855 .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
856 .Op Ar operator target ...
863 End the body of the conditional.
868 may be any one of the following:
869 .Bl -tag -width "Cm XX"
875 of higher precedence than
881 will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to determine
883 Parentheses may be used to change the order of evaluation.
886 may be used to logically negate an entire
888 It is of higher precedence than
893 may be any of the following:
896 Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if the variable
899 Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
900 was specified as part of
902 command line or was declared the default target (either implicitly or
905 before the line containing the conditional.
907 Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true if
908 the expansion of the variable would result in an empty string.
910 Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the file exists.
911 The file is searched for on the system search path (see
914 Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
920 may also be an arithmetic or string comparison.
921 Variable expansion is
922 performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the integral
924 A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if it is
925 preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not supported.
926 The standard C relational operators are all supported.
928 variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a
932 operator is not an integral value, then
933 string comparison is performed between the expanded
935 If no relational operator is given, it is assumed that the expanded
936 variable is being compared against 0.
940 is evaluating one of these conditional expressions, and it encounters
941 a word it doesn't recognize, either the
945 expression is applied to it, depending on the form of the conditional.
952 expression is applied.
953 Similarly, if the form is
959 expression is applied.
961 If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile continues
963 If it evaluates to false, the following lines are skipped.
964 In both cases this continues until a
970 For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
971 The syntax of a for loop is:
973 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
974 .It Ic .for Ar variable Ic in Ar expression
981 is evaluated, it is split into words.
985 is successively set to each word, and substituted in the
987 inside the body of the for loop.
989 Comments begin with a hash
991 character, anywhere but in a shell
992 command line, and continue to the end of the line.
996 Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this target, exactly
997 as if they all were preceded by a dash
1000 Execute the commands associated with this target even if the
1004 options were specified.
1005 Normally used to mark recursive
1010 selects the first target it encounters as the default target to be built
1011 if no target was specified.
1012 This source prevents this target from being selected.
1014 If a target is marked with this attribute and
1016 can't figure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1017 the file isn't needed or already exists.
1021 is interrupted, it removes any partially made targets.
1022 This source prevents the target from being removed.
1024 Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target, exactly
1025 as if they all were preceded by an at sign
1028 Turn the target into
1031 When the target is used as a source for another target, the other target
1032 acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1036 If the target already has commands, the
1038 target's commands are appended
1043 source is appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede it are
1044 made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1046 detected and targets that form loops will be silently ignored.
1048 .Sh "SPECIAL TARGETS"
1049 Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be
1050 the only target specified.
1053 Any command lines attached to this target are executed before anything
1058 rule for any target (that was used only as a
1061 can't figure out any other way to create.
1062 Only the shell script is used.
1065 variable of a target that inherits
1068 to the target's own name.
1070 Any command lines attached to this target are executed after everything
1073 Mark each of the sources with the
1076 If no sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1080 A list of suffixes that indicate files that can be included in a source
1082 The suffix must have already been declared with
1084 any suffix so declared will have the directories on its search path (see
1088 special variable, each preceded by a
1094 is interrupted, the commands for this target will be executed.
1096 This does for libraries what
1098 does for include files, except that the flag used is
1101 If no target is specified when
1103 is invoked, this target will be built.
1104 This is always set, either
1105 explicitly, or implicitly when
1107 selects the default target, to give the user a way to refer to the default
1108 target on the command line.
1110 This target provides a way to specify flags for
1112 when the makefile is used.
1113 The flags are as if typed to the shell, though the
1117 .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1118 .\" .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1119 .\" The named targets are executed in non parallel mode. If no targets are
1120 .\" specified, then all targets are executed in non parallel mode.
1122 Disable parallel mode.
1124 Same as above, for compatibility with other pmake variants.
1126 The named targets are made in sequence.
1127 .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1128 .\" .It Ic .PARALLEL
1129 .\" The named targets are executed in parallel mode. If no targets are
1130 .\" specified, then all targets are executed in parallel mode.
1132 The sources are directories which are to be searched for files not
1133 found in the current directory.
1134 If no sources are specified, any previously specified directories are
1136 Where possible, use of
1138 is preferred over use of the
1141 .It Ic .PATH\fIsuffix\fR
1142 The sources are directories which are to be searched for suffixed files
1143 not found in the current directory.
1147 first searches the suffixed search path, before reverting to the default
1148 path if the file is not found there.
1149 This form is required for
1157 attribute to any specified sources.
1158 Targets with this attribute are always
1159 considered to be out of date.
1163 attribute to any specified sources.
1164 If no sources are specified, the
1166 attribute is applied to every
1171 attribute to any specified sources.
1172 If no sources are specified, the
1174 attribute is applied to every
1175 command in the file.
1177 Each source specifies a suffix to
1179 If no sources are specified, any previous specified suffices are deleted.
1188 This was removed for POSIX compatibility.
1189 The internal variable
1191 is set to the same value as
1193 support for this may be removed in the future.
1195 Most of the more esoteric features of
1197 should probably be avoided for greater compatibility.
1201 utility uses the following environment variables, if they exist:
1206 .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX ,
1210 .Bl -tag -width /usr/share/doc/psd/12.make -compact
1212 list of dependencies
1214 list of dependencies
1216 list of dependencies
1220 system makefile (processed before any other file, including
1224 .It Pa /usr/share/mk
1225 system makefile directory
1226 .It /usr/share/doc/psd/12.make
1230 .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1234 The determination of
1236 is contorted to the point of absurdity.
1238 In the presence of several
1242 silently ignores all but the first.
1245 is not set to the default target when
1247 is invoked without a target name and no
1249 special target exists.
1253 in a test is very simple-minded.
1254 Currently, the only form that works is
1255 .Ql .if ${VAR} op something
1256 For instance, you should write tests as
1257 .Ql .if ${VAR} = "string"
1258 not the other way around, which doesn't work.
1260 For loops are expanded before tests, so a fragment such as:
1262 \&.for TMACHINE in ${SHARED_ARCHS}
1263 \&.if ${TMACHINE} = ${MACHINE}
1268 won't work, and should be rewritten the other way around.
1273 .%T "PMake - A Tutorial"
1276 .Pa /usr/share/doc/psd/12.make
uqs's projects / games.git / blob