crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c

   1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.409.2.1 2020/05/18 19:02:13 benno Exp $ */
   2 /*
   3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
   4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
   5  *                    All rights reserved
   6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
   7  *
   8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
   9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
  10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
  11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
  12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
  13  */
  14
  15 #include "includes.h"
  16
  17 #include <sys/types.h>
  18 #include <sys/socket.h>
  19 #include <sys/stat.h>
  20
  21 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
  22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
  23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
  24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
  25 #endif
  26
  27 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
  28 # include <stdint.h>
  29 #endif
  30 #include <errno.h>
  31 #include <fcntl.h>
  32 #include <netdb.h>
  33 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
  34 # include <paths.h>
  35 #endif
  36 #include <pwd.h>
  37 #include <stdarg.h>
  38 #include <stdio.h>
  39 #include <stdlib.h>
  40 #include <string.h>
  41 #include <unistd.h>
  42 #include <limits.h>
  43 #include <locale.h>
  44 #include <time.h>
  45
  46 #include "xmalloc.h"
  47 #include "sshkey.h"
  48 #include "authfile.h"
  49 #include "sshbuf.h"
  50 #include "pathnames.h"
  51 #include "log.h"
  52 #include "misc.h"
  53 #include "match.h"
  54 #include "hostfile.h"
  55 #include "dns.h"
  56 #include "ssh.h"
  57 #include "ssh2.h"
  58 #include "ssherr.h"
  59 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
  60 #include "atomicio.h"
  61 #include "krl.h"
  62 #include "digest.h"
  63 #include "utf8.h"
  64 #include "authfd.h"
  65 #include "sshsig.h"
  66 #include "ssh-sk.h"
  67 #include "sk-api.h" /* XXX for SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD; remove */
  68
  69 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
  70 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa"
  71 #else
  72 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519"
  73 #endif
  74
  75 /*
  76  * Default number of bits in the RSA, DSA and ECDSA keys.  These value can be
  77  * overridden on the command line.
  78  *
  79  * These values, with the exception of DSA, provide security equivalent to at
  80  * least 128 bits of security according to NIST Special Publication 800-57:
  81  * Recommendation for Key Management Part 1 rev 4 section 5.6.1.
  82  * For DSA it (and FIPS-186-4 section 4.2) specifies that the only size for
  83  * which a 160bit hash is acceptable is 1kbit, and since ssh-dss specifies only
  84  * SHA1 we limit the DSA key size 1k bits.
  85  */
  86 #define DEFAULT_BITS            3072
  87 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA        1024
  88 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA      256
  89
  90 static int quiet = 0;
  91
  92 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
  93 static int print_fingerprint = 0;
  94 static int print_bubblebabble = 0;
  95
  96 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
  97 static int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
  98
  99 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
 100 static char identity_file[PATH_MAX];
 101 static int have_identity = 0;
 102
 103 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
 104 static char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
 105
 106 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
 107 static char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
 108
 109 /* Key type when certifying */
 110 static u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
 111
 112 /* "key ID" of signed key */
 113 static char *cert_key_id = NULL;
 114
 115 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
 116 static char *cert_principals = NULL;
 117
 118 /* Validity period for certificates */
 119 static u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
 120 static u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
 121
 122 /* Certificate options */
 123 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD                           (1)
 124 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD                       (1<<1)
 125 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD                        (1<<2)
 126 #define CERTOPT_PTY                             (1<<3)
 127 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC                         (1<<4)
 128 #define CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE        (1<<5)
 129 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
 130                          CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
 131 static u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
 132 static char *certflags_command = NULL;
 133 static char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
 134
 135 /* Arbitrary extensions specified by user */
 136 struct cert_userext {
 137         char *key;
 138         char *val;
 139         int crit;
 140 };
 141 static struct cert_userext *cert_userext;
 142 static size_t ncert_userext;
 143
 144 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
 145 enum {
 146         FMT_RFC4716,
 147         FMT_PKCS8,
 148         FMT_PEM
 149 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
 150
 151 static char *key_type_name = NULL;
 152
 153 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
 154 static char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
 155
 156 /* FIDO/U2F provider to use */
 157 static char *sk_provider = NULL;
 158
 159 /* Format for writing private keys */
 160 static int private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_OPENSSH;
 161
 162 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
 163 static char *openssh_format_cipher = NULL;
 164
 165 /* Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys. */
 166 static int rounds = 0;
 167
 168 /* argv0 */
 169 extern char *__progname;
 170
 171 static char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
 172
 173 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 174 /* moduli.c */
 175 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
 176 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
 177     unsigned long);
 178 #endif
 179
 180 static void
 181 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
 182 {
 183         if (type == KEY_UNSPEC)
 184                 fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name);
 185         if (*bitsp == 0) {
 186 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 187                 u_int nid;
 188
 189                 switch(type) {
 190                 case KEY_DSA:
 191                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
 192                         break;
 193                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 194                         if (name != NULL &&
 195                             (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
 196                                 *bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
 197                         if (*bitsp == 0)
 198                                 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
 199                         break;
 200                 case KEY_RSA:
 201                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
 202                         break;
 203                 }
 204 #endif
 205         }
 206 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 207         switch (type) {
 208         case KEY_DSA:
 209                 if (*bitsp != 1024)
 210                         fatal("Invalid DSA key length: must be 1024 bits");
 211                 break;
 212         case KEY_RSA:
 213                 if (*bitsp < SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE)
 214                         fatal("Invalid RSA key length: minimum is %d bits",
 215                             SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE);
 216                 else if (*bitsp > OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS)
 217                         fatal("Invalid RSA key length: maximum is %d bits",
 218                             OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS);
 219                 break;
 220         case KEY_ECDSA:
 221                 if (sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
 222                         fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length: valid lengths are "
 223 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_NISTP521
 224                             "256, 384 or 521 bits");
 225 #else
 226                             "256 or 384 bits");
 227 #endif
 228         }
 229 #endif
 230 }
 231
 232 /*
 233  * Checks whether a file exists and, if so, asks the user whether they wish
 234  * to overwrite it.
 235  * Returns nonzero if the file does not already exist or if the user agrees to
 236  * overwrite, or zero otherwise.
 237  */
 238 static int
 239 confirm_overwrite(const char *filename)
 240 {
 241         char yesno[3];
 242         struct stat st;
 243
 244         if (stat(filename, &st) != 0)
 245                 return 1;
 246         printf("%s already exists.\n", filename);
 247         printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
 248         fflush(stdout);
 249         if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
 250                 return 0;
 251         if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
 252                 return 0;
 253         return 1;
 254 }
 255
 256 static void
 257 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
 258 {
 259         char buf[1024];
 260         char *name = NULL;
 261
 262         if (key_type_name == NULL)
 263                 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 264         else {
 265                 switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
 266                 case KEY_DSA_CERT:
 267                 case KEY_DSA:
 268                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
 269                         break;
 270 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 271                 case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
 272                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 273                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
 274                         break;
 275                 case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
 276                 case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
 277                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA_SK;
 278                         break;
 279 #endif
 280                 case KEY_RSA_CERT:
 281                 case KEY_RSA:
 282                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 283                         break;
 284                 case KEY_ED25519:
 285                 case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
 286                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
 287                         break;
 288                 case KEY_ED25519_SK:
 289                 case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
 290                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519_SK;
 291                         break;
 292                 case KEY_XMSS:
 293                 case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
 294                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_XMSS;
 295                         break;
 296                 default:
 297                         fatal("bad key type");
 298                 }
 299         }
 300         snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file),
 301             "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
 302         printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
 303         fflush(stdout);
 304         if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
 305                 exit(1);
 306         buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
 307         if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
 308                 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
 309         have_identity = 1;
 310 }
 311
 312 static struct sshkey *
 313 load_identity(const char *filename, char **commentp)
 314 {
 315         char *pass;
 316         struct sshkey *prv;
 317         int r;
 318
 319         if (commentp != NULL)
 320                 *commentp = NULL;
 321         if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, commentp)) == 0)
 322                 return prv;
 323         if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
 324                 fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
 325         if (identity_passphrase)
 326                 pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
 327         else
 328                 pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 329         r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, commentp);
 330         freezero(pass, strlen(pass));
 331         if (r != 0)
 332                 fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
 333         return prv;
 334 }
 335
 336 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN            "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 337 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END              "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 338 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN           "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
 339 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC       0x3f6ff9eb
 340
 341 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 342 static void
 343 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
 344 {
 345         struct sshbuf *b;
 346         char comment[61], *b64;
 347         int r;
 348
 349         if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
 350                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
 351         if ((r = sshkey_putb(k, b)) != 0)
 352                 fatal("key_to_blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 353         if ((b64 = sshbuf_dtob64_string(b, 1)) == NULL)
 354                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_dtob64_string failed", __func__);
 355
 356         /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
 357         snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
 358             "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
 359             sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
 360             pw->pw_name, hostname);
 361
 362         sshkey_free(k);
 363         sshbuf_free(b);
 364
 365         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
 366         fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n%s", comment, b64);
 367         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
 368         free(b64);
 369         exit(0);
 370 }
 371
 372 static void
 373 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
 374 {
 375         switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
 376         case KEY_RSA:
 377                 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
 378                         fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
 379                 break;
 380         case KEY_DSA:
 381                 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
 382                         fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
 383                 break;
 384 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 385         case KEY_ECDSA:
 386                 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
 387                         fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
 388                 break;
 389 #endif
 390         default:
 391                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
 392         }
 393         exit(0);
 394 }
 395
 396 static void
 397 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
 398 {
 399         switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
 400         case KEY_RSA:
 401                 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
 402                         fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
 403                 break;
 404         case KEY_DSA:
 405                 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
 406                         fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
 407                 break;
 408 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 409         case KEY_ECDSA:
 410                 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
 411                         fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
 412                 break;
 413 #endif
 414         default:
 415                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
 416         }
 417         exit(0);
 418 }
 419
 420 static void
 421 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
 422 {
 423         struct sshkey *k;
 424         struct stat st;
 425         int r;
 426
 427         if (!have_identity)
 428                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 429         if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
 430                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 431         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
 432                 k = load_identity(identity_file, NULL);
 433         switch (convert_format) {
 434         case FMT_RFC4716:
 435                 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
 436                 break;
 437         case FMT_PKCS8:
 438                 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
 439                 break;
 440         case FMT_PEM:
 441                 do_convert_to_pem(k);
 442                 break;
 443         default:
 444                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 445         }
 446         exit(0);
 447 }
 448
 449 /*
 450  * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
 451  * instead of 16.
 452  */
 453 static void
 454 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
 455 {
 456         u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
 457         int r;
 458
 459         if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
 460                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 461         bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
 462         if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
 463                 fatal("%s: input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
 464                     __func__, bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
 465         if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
 466                 fatal("%s: BN_bin2bn failed", __func__);
 467         if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
 468                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 469 }
 470
 471 static struct sshkey *
 472 do_convert_private_ssh2(struct sshbuf *b)
 473 {
 474         struct sshkey *key = NULL;
 475         char *type, *cipher;
 476         u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
 477         int r, rlen, ktype;
 478         u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
 479         size_t slen;
 480         u_long e;
 481         BIGNUM *dsa_p = NULL, *dsa_q = NULL, *dsa_g = NULL;
 482         BIGNUM *dsa_pub_key = NULL, *dsa_priv_key = NULL;
 483         BIGNUM *rsa_n = NULL, *rsa_e = NULL, *rsa_d = NULL;
 484         BIGNUM *rsa_p = NULL, *rsa_q = NULL, *rsa_iqmp = NULL;
 485
 486         if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
 487                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 488
 489         if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
 490                 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
 491                     SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
 492                 return NULL;
 493         }
 494         if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
 495             (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
 496             (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
 497             (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
 498             (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
 499             (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
 500                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 501         debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
 502         if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
 503                 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
 504                 free(cipher);
 505                 free(type);
 506                 return NULL;
 507         }
 508         free(cipher);
 509
 510         if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
 511                 ktype = KEY_DSA;
 512         } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
 513                 ktype = KEY_RSA;
 514         } else {
 515                 free(type);
 516                 return NULL;
 517         }
 518         if ((key = sshkey_new(ktype)) == NULL)
 519                 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 520         free(type);
 521
 522         switch (key->type) {
 523         case KEY_DSA:
 524                 if ((dsa_p = BN_new()) == NULL ||
 525                     (dsa_q = BN_new()) == NULL ||
 526                     (dsa_g = BN_new()) == NULL ||
 527                     (dsa_pub_key = BN_new()) == NULL ||
 528                     (dsa_priv_key = BN_new()) == NULL)
 529                         fatal("%s: BN_new", __func__);
 530                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_p);
 531                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_g);
 532                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_q);
 533                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_pub_key);
 534                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_priv_key);
 535                 if (!DSA_set0_pqg(key->dsa, dsa_p, dsa_q, dsa_g))
 536                         fatal("%s: DSA_set0_pqg failed", __func__);
 537                 dsa_p = dsa_q = dsa_g = NULL; /* transferred */
 538                 if (!DSA_set0_key(key->dsa, dsa_pub_key, dsa_priv_key))
 539                         fatal("%s: DSA_set0_key failed", __func__);
 540                 dsa_pub_key = dsa_priv_key = NULL; /* transferred */
 541                 break;
 542         case KEY_RSA:
 543                 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
 544                     (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
 545                     (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
 546                         fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 547                 e = e1;
 548                 debug("e %lx", e);
 549                 if (e < 30) {
 550                         e <<= 8;
 551                         e += e2;
 552                         debug("e %lx", e);
 553                         e <<= 8;
 554                         e += e3;
 555                         debug("e %lx", e);
 556                 }
 557                 if ((rsa_e = BN_new()) == NULL)
 558                         fatal("%s: BN_new", __func__);
 559                 if (!BN_set_word(rsa_e, e)) {
 560                         BN_clear_free(rsa_e);
 561                         sshkey_free(key);
 562                         return NULL;
 563                 }
 564                 if ((rsa_n = BN_new()) == NULL ||
 565                     (rsa_d = BN_new()) == NULL ||
 566                     (rsa_p = BN_new()) == NULL ||
 567                     (rsa_q = BN_new()) == NULL ||
 568                     (rsa_iqmp = BN_new()) == NULL)
 569                         fatal("%s: BN_new", __func__);
 570                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_d);
 571                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_n);
 572                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_iqmp);
 573                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_q);
 574                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_p);
 575                 if (!RSA_set0_key(key->rsa, rsa_n, rsa_e, rsa_d))
 576                         fatal("%s: RSA_set0_key failed", __func__);
 577                 rsa_n = rsa_e = rsa_d = NULL; /* transferred */
 578                 if (!RSA_set0_factors(key->rsa, rsa_p, rsa_q))
 579                         fatal("%s: RSA_set0_factors failed", __func__);
 580                 rsa_p = rsa_q = NULL; /* transferred */
 581                 if ((r = ssh_rsa_complete_crt_parameters(key, rsa_iqmp)) != 0)
 582                         fatal("generate RSA parameters failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 583                 BN_clear_free(rsa_iqmp);
 584                 break;
 585         }
 586         rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
 587         if (rlen != 0)
 588                 error("%s: remaining bytes in key blob %d", __func__, rlen);
 589
 590         /* try the key */
 591         if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data),
 592             NULL, NULL, 0) != 0 ||
 593             sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data),
 594             NULL, 0, NULL) != 0) {
 595                 sshkey_free(key);
 596                 free(sig);
 597                 return NULL;
 598         }
 599         free(sig);
 600         return key;
 601 }
 602
 603 static int
 604 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
 605 {
 606         int c;
 607         size_t pos = 0;
 608
 609         line[0] = '\0';
 610         while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
 611                 if (pos >= len - 1)
 612                         fatal("input line too long.");
 613                 switch (c) {
 614                 case '\r':
 615                         c = fgetc(fp);
 616                         if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF)
 617                                 fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno));
 618                         return pos;
 619                 case '\n':
 620                         return pos;
 621                 }
 622                 line[pos++] = c;
 623                 line[pos] = '\0';
 624         }
 625         /* We reached EOF */
 626         return -1;
 627 }
 628
 629 static void
 630 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
 631 {
 632         int r, blen, escaped = 0;
 633         u_int len;
 634         char line[1024];
 635         struct sshbuf *buf;
 636         char encoded[8096];
 637         FILE *fp;
 638
 639         if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
 640                 fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
 641         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 642                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 643         encoded[0] = '\0';
 644         while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
 645                 if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
 646                         escaped++;
 647                 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
 648                     strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
 649                         if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
 650                                 *private = 1;
 651                         if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
 652                                 break;
 653                         }
 654                         /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
 655                         continue;
 656                 }
 657                 if (escaped) {
 658                         escaped--;
 659                         /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
 660                         continue;
 661                 }
 662                 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
 663         }
 664         len = strlen(encoded);
 665         if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
 666             (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
 667             (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
 668             (encoded[len-3] == '='))
 669                 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
 670         if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(buf, encoded)) != 0)
 671                 fatal("%s: base64 decoding failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 672         if (*private) {
 673                 if ((*k = do_convert_private_ssh2(buf)) == NULL)
 674                         fatal("%s: private key conversion failed", __func__);
 675         } else if ((r = sshkey_fromb(buf, k)) != 0)
 676                 fatal("decode blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 677         sshbuf_free(buf);
 678         fclose(fp);
 679 }
 680
 681 static void
 682 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
 683 {
 684         EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
 685         FILE *fp;
 686
 687         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 688                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 689         if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
 690                 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
 691                     identity_file);
 692         }
 693         fclose(fp);
 694         switch (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pubkey)) {
 695         case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
 696                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 697                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 698                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 699                 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
 700                 break;
 701         case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
 702                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 703                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 704                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 705                 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
 706                 break;
 707 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 708         case EVP_PKEY_EC:
 709                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 710                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 711                 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
 712                 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
 713                 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
 714                 break;
 715 #endif
 716         default:
 717                 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
 718                     EVP_PKEY_base_id(pubkey));
 719         }
 720         EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
 721         return;
 722 }
 723
 724 static void
 725 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
 726 {
 727         FILE *fp;
 728         RSA *rsa;
 729
 730         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 731                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 732         if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 733                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 734                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 735                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 736                 (*k)->rsa = rsa;
 737                 fclose(fp);
 738                 return;
 739         }
 740         fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
 741 }
 742
 743 static void
 744 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
 745 {
 746         struct sshkey *k = NULL;
 747         int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
 748         struct stat st;
 749
 750         if (!have_identity)
 751                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 752         if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
 753                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 754
 755         switch (convert_format) {
 756         case FMT_RFC4716:
 757                 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
 758                 break;
 759         case FMT_PKCS8:
 760                 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
 761                 break;
 762         case FMT_PEM:
 763                 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
 764                 break;
 765         default:
 766                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 767         }
 768
 769         if (!private) {
 770                 if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
 771                         ok = 1;
 772                 if (ok)
 773                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 774         } else {
 775                 switch (k->type) {
 776                 case KEY_DSA:
 777                         ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
 778                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 779                         break;
 780 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 781                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 782                         ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
 783                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 784                         break;
 785 #endif
 786                 case KEY_RSA:
 787                         ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
 788                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 789                         break;
 790                 default:
 791                         fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
 792                             sshkey_type(k));
 793                 }
 794         }
 795
 796         if (!ok)
 797                 fatal("key write failed");
 798         sshkey_free(k);
 799         exit(0);
 800 }
 801 #endif
 802
 803 static void
 804 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
 805 {
 806         struct sshkey *prv;
 807         struct stat st;
 808         int r;
 809         char *comment = NULL;
 810
 811         if (!have_identity)
 812                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 813         if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
 814                 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
 815         prv = load_identity(identity_file, &comment);
 816         if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
 817                 error("sshkey_write failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 818         sshkey_free(prv);
 819         if (comment != NULL && *comment != '\0')
 820                 fprintf(stdout, " %s", comment);
 821         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 822         free(comment);
 823         exit(0);
 824 }
 825
 826 static void
 827 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
 828 {
 829 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
 830         struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
 831         int i, nkeys;
 832         enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
 833         int fptype;
 834         char *fp, *ra, **comments = NULL;
 835
 836         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
 837         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
 838
 839         pkcs11_init(1);
 840         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys, &comments);
 841         if (nkeys <= 0)
 842                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
 843         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
 844                 if (print_fingerprint) {
 845                         fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
 846                         ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
 847                             SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 848                         if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
 849                                 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
 850                         printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
 851                             fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
 852                         if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 853                                 printf("%s\n", ra);
 854                         free(ra);
 855                         free(fp);
 856                 } else {
 857                         (void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
 858                         fprintf(stdout, "%s%s\n",
 859                             *(comments[i]) == '\0' ? "" : " ", comments[i]);
 860                 }
 861                 free(comments[i]);
 862                 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
 863         }
 864         free(comments);
 865         free(keys);
 866         pkcs11_terminate();
 867         exit(0);
 868 #else
 869         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
 870 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
 871 }
 872
 873 static struct sshkey *
 874 try_read_key(char **cpp)
 875 {
 876         struct sshkey *ret;
 877         int r;
 878
 879         if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 880                 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 881         if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
 882                 return ret;
 883         /* Not a key */
 884         sshkey_free(ret);
 885         return NULL;
 886 }
 887
 888 static void
 889 fingerprint_one_key(const struct sshkey *public, const char *comment)
 890 {
 891         char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
 892         enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
 893         int fptype;
 894
 895         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
 896         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
 897         fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 898         ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 899         if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
 900                 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
 901         mprintf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
 902             comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
 903         if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 904                 printf("%s\n", ra);
 905         free(ra);
 906         free(fp);
 907 }
 908
 909 static void
 910 fingerprint_private(const char *path)
 911 {
 912         struct stat st;
 913         char *comment = NULL;
 914         struct sshkey *privkey = NULL, *pubkey = NULL;
 915         int r;
 916
 917         if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
 918                 fatal("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
 919         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &pubkey, &comment)) != 0)
 920                 debug("load public \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
 921         if (pubkey == NULL || comment == NULL || *comment == '\0') {
 922                 free(comment);
 923                 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(path, NULL,
 924                     &privkey, &comment)) != 0)
 925                         debug("load private \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
 926         }
 927         if (pubkey == NULL && privkey == NULL)
 928                 fatal("%s is not a key file.", path);
 929
 930         fingerprint_one_key(pubkey == NULL ? privkey : pubkey, comment);
 931         sshkey_free(pubkey);
 932         sshkey_free(privkey);
 933         free(comment);
 934 }
 935
 936 static void
 937 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
 938 {
 939         FILE *f;
 940         struct sshkey *public = NULL;
 941         char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, *line = NULL;
 942         size_t linesize = 0;
 943         int i, invalid = 1;
 944         const char *path;
 945         u_long lnum = 0;
 946
 947         if (!have_identity)
 948                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 949         path = identity_file;
 950
 951         if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") == 0) {
 952                 f = stdin;
 953                 path = "(stdin)";
 954         } else if ((f = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
 955                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, path, strerror(errno));
 956
 957         while (getline(&line, &linesize, f) != -1) {
 958                 lnum++;
 959                 cp = line;
 960                 cp[strcspn(cp, "\n")] = '\0';
 961                 /* Trim leading space and comments */
 962                 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
 963                 if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
 964                         continue;
 965
 966                 /*
 967                  * Input may be plain keys, private keys, authorized_keys
 968                  * or known_hosts.
 969                  */
 970
 971                 /*
 972                  * Try private keys first. Assume a key is private if
 973                  * "SSH PRIVATE KEY" appears on the first line and we're
 974                  * not reading from stdin (XXX support private keys on stdin).
 975                  */
 976                 if (lnum == 1 && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 &&
 977                     strstr(cp, "PRIVATE KEY") != NULL) {
 978                         free(line);
 979                         fclose(f);
 980                         fingerprint_private(path);
 981                         exit(0);
 982                 }
 983
 984                 /*
 985                  * If it's not a private key, then this must be prepared to
 986                  * accept a public key prefixed with a hostname or options.
 987                  * Try a bare key first, otherwise skip the leading stuff.
 988                  */
 989                 if ((public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
 990                         i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
 991                         if (i == 0 || ep == NULL ||
 992                             (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
 993                                 int quoted = 0;
 994
 995                                 comment = cp;
 996                                 for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
 997                                     *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
 998                                         if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
 999                                                 cp++;   /* Skip both */
1000                                         else if (*cp == '"')
1001                                                 quoted = !quoted;
1002                                 }
1003                                 if (!*cp)
1004                                         continue;
1005                                 *cp++ = '\0';
1006                         }
1007                 }
1008                 /* Retry after parsing leading hostname/key options */
1009                 if (public == NULL && (public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
1010                         debug("%s:%lu: not a public key", path, lnum);
1011                         continue;
1012                 }
1013
1014                 /* Find trailing comment, if any */
1015                 for (; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1016                         ;
1017                 if (*cp != '\0' && *cp != '#')
1018                         comment = cp;
1019
1020                 fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
1021                 sshkey_free(public);
1022                 invalid = 0; /* One good key in the file is sufficient */
1023         }
1024         fclose(f);
1025         free(line);
1026
1027         if (invalid)
1028                 fatal("%s is not a public key file.", path);
1029         exit(0);
1030 }
1031
1032 static void
1033 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
1034 {
1035         struct {
1036                 char *key_type;
1037                 char *key_type_display;
1038                 char *path;
1039         } key_types[] = {
1040 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1041                 { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
1042                 { "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
1043 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
1044                 { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
1045 #endif /* OPENSSL_HAS_ECC */
1046 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1047                 { "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
1048 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1049                 { "xmss", "XMSS",_PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE },
1050 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1051                 { NULL, NULL, NULL }
1052         };
1053
1054         u_int32_t bits = 0;
1055         int first = 0;
1056         struct stat st;
1057         struct sshkey *private, *public;
1058         char comment[1024], *prv_tmp, *pub_tmp, *prv_file, *pub_file;
1059         int i, type, fd, r;
1060
1061         for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
1062                 public = private = NULL;
1063                 prv_tmp = pub_tmp = prv_file = pub_file = NULL;
1064
1065                 xasprintf(&prv_file, "%s%s",
1066                     identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1067
1068                 /* Check whether private key exists and is not zero-length */
1069                 if (stat(prv_file, &st) == 0) {
1070                         if (st.st_size != 0)
1071                                 goto next;
1072                 } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
1073                         error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
1074                             strerror(errno));
1075                         goto failnext;
1076                 }
1077
1078                 /*
1079                  * Private key doesn't exist or is invalid; proceed with
1080                  * key generation.
1081                  */
1082                 xasprintf(&prv_tmp, "%s%s.XXXXXXXXXX",
1083                     identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1084                 xasprintf(&pub_tmp, "%s%s.pub.XXXXXXXXXX",
1085                     identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1086                 xasprintf(&pub_file, "%s%s.pub",
1087                     identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1088
1089                 if (first == 0) {
1090                         first = 1;
1091                         printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
1092                 }
1093                 printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
1094                 fflush(stdout);
1095                 type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
1096                 if ((fd = mkstemp(prv_tmp)) == -1) {
1097                         error("Could not save your private key in %s: %s",
1098                             prv_tmp, strerror(errno));
1099                         goto failnext;
1100                 }
1101                 (void)close(fd); /* just using mkstemp() to reserve a name */
1102                 bits = 0;
1103                 type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
1104                 if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
1105                         error("sshkey_generate failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1106                         goto failnext;
1107                 }
1108                 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1109                         fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1110                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
1111                     hostname);
1112                 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, prv_tmp, "",
1113                     comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher,
1114                     rounds)) != 0) {
1115                         error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1116                             prv_tmp, ssh_err(r));
1117                         goto failnext;
1118                 }
1119                 if ((fd = mkstemp(pub_tmp)) == -1) {
1120                         error("Could not save your public key in %s: %s",
1121                             pub_tmp, strerror(errno));
1122                         goto failnext;
1123                 }
1124                 (void)fchmod(fd, 0644);
1125                 (void)close(fd);
1126                 if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, pub_tmp, comment)) != 0) {
1127                         fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
1128                             identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1129                         goto failnext;
1130                 }
1131
1132                 /* Rename temporary files to their permanent locations. */
1133                 if (rename(pub_tmp, pub_file) != 0) {
1134                         error("Unable to move %s into position: %s",
1135                             pub_file, strerror(errno));
1136                         goto failnext;
1137                 }
1138                 if (rename(prv_tmp, prv_file) != 0) {
1139                         error("Unable to move %s into position: %s",
1140                             key_types[i].path, strerror(errno));
1141  failnext:
1142                         first = 0;
1143                         goto next;
1144                 }
1145  next:
1146                 sshkey_free(private);
1147                 sshkey_free(public);
1148                 free(prv_tmp);
1149                 free(pub_tmp);
1150                 free(prv_file);
1151                 free(pub_file);
1152         }
1153         if (first != 0)
1154                 printf("\n");
1155 }
1156
1157 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1158         const char *host;       /* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1159         FILE *out;              /* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1160         int has_unhashed;       /* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1161         int found_key;          /* For find/delete, host was found */
1162         int invalid;            /* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1163         int hash_hosts;         /* Hash hostnames as we go */
1164         int find_host;          /* Search for specific hostname */
1165         int delete_host;        /* Delete host from known_hosts */
1166 };
1167
1168 static int
1169 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1170 {
1171         struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1172         char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1173         int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1174         int was_hashed = l->hosts && l->hosts[0] == HASH_DELIM;
1175
1176         switch (l->status) {
1177         case HKF_STATUS_OK:
1178         case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1179                 /*
1180                  * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1181                  * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1182                  */
1183                 if (was_hashed || has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1184                         fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1185                         if (has_wild && !ctx->find_host) {
1186                                 logit("%s:%lu: ignoring host name "
1187                                     "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path,
1188                                     l->linenum, l->hosts);
1189                         }
1190                         return 0;
1191                 }
1192                 /*
1193                  * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1194                  * hash and store separately.
1195                  */
1196                 ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1197                 while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1198                         lowercase(cp);
1199                         if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1200                                 fatal("hash_host failed");
1201                         fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1202                         ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1203                 }
1204                 free(ohosts);
1205                 return 0;
1206         case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1207                 /* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1208                 ctx->invalid = 1;
1209                 logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1210                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1211         default:
1212                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1213                 return 0;
1214         }
1215         /* NOTREACHED */
1216         return -1;
1217 }
1218
1219 static int
1220 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1221 {
1222         struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1223         enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
1224         int fptype;
1225         char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
1226
1227         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
1228         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
1229
1230         if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1231                 if (ctx->delete_host) {
1232                         if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1233                                 /* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1234                                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1235                         } else {
1236                                 /*
1237                                  * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1238                                  * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1239                                  * line to ctx->out.
1240                                  */
1241                                 ctx->found_key = 1;
1242                                 if (!quiet)
1243                                         printf("# Host %s found: line %lu\n",
1244                                             ctx->host, l->linenum);
1245                         }
1246                         return 0;
1247                 } else if (ctx->find_host) {
1248                         ctx->found_key = 1;
1249                         if (!quiet) {
1250                                 printf("# Host %s found: line %lu %s\n",
1251                                     ctx->host,
1252                                     l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1253                                     (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1254                         }
1255                         if (ctx->hash_hosts)
1256                                 known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1257                         else if (print_fingerprint) {
1258                                 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep);
1259                                 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key,
1260                                     fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
1261                                 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
1262                                         fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed",
1263                                             __func__);
1264                                 mprintf("%s %s %s%s%s\n", ctx->host,
1265                                     sshkey_type(l->key), fp,
1266                                     l->comment[0] ? " " : "",
1267                                     l->comment);
1268                                 if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
1269                                         printf("%s\n", ra);
1270                                 free(ra);
1271                                 free(fp);
1272                         } else
1273                                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1274                         return 0;
1275                 }
1276         } else if (ctx->delete_host) {
1277                 /* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1278                 if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1279                         ctx->invalid = 1;
1280                         logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1281                 }
1282                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1283         }
1284         return 0;
1285 }
1286
1287 static void
1288 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name, int find_host,
1289     int delete_host, int hash_hosts)
1290 {
1291         char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1292         int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1293         struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1294         u_int foreach_options;
1295
1296         if (!have_identity) {
1297                 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1298                 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1299                     sizeof(identity_file))
1300                         fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1301                 free(cp);
1302                 have_identity = 1;
1303         }
1304
1305         memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1306         ctx.out = stdout;
1307         ctx.host = name;
1308         ctx.hash_hosts = hash_hosts;
1309         ctx.find_host = find_host;
1310         ctx.delete_host = delete_host;
1311
1312         /*
1313          * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1314          * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1315          */
1316         if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1317                 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1318                     strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1319                     strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1320                     strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1321                         fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1322                 umask(077);
1323                 if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1324                         fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1325                 if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1326                         oerrno = errno;
1327                         unlink(tmp);
1328                         fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1329                 }
1330                 inplace = 1;
1331         }
1332         /* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1333         foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0;
1334         foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0;
1335         if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file, (find_host || !hash_hosts) ?
1336             known_hosts_find_delete : known_hosts_hash, &ctx, name, NULL,
1337             foreach_options)) != 0) {
1338                 if (inplace)
1339                         unlink(tmp);
1340                 fatal("%s: hostkeys_foreach failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1341         }
1342
1343         if (inplace)
1344                 fclose(ctx.out);
1345
1346         if (ctx.invalid) {
1347                 error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file);
1348                 if (inplace) {
1349                         error("Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1350                             "file because of errors");
1351                         unlink(tmp);
1352                 }
1353                 exit(1);
1354         } else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1355                 logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file);
1356                 if (inplace)
1357                         unlink(tmp);
1358         } else if (inplace) {
1359                 /* Backup existing file */
1360                 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1361                         fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1362                 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1363                         fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1364                             strerror(errno));
1365                 /* Move new one into place */
1366                 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1367                         error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1368                             strerror(errno));
1369                         unlink(tmp);
1370                         unlink(old);
1371                         exit(1);
1372                 }
1373
1374                 printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1375                 printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1376                 if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1377                         logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old);
1378                         logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1379                             "of hostnames");
1380                 }
1381         }
1382
1383         exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1384 }
1385
1386 /*
1387  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1388  * for the current user.
1389  */
1390 static void
1391 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1392 {
1393         char *comment;
1394         char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1395         struct stat st;
1396         struct sshkey *private;
1397         int r;
1398
1399         if (!have_identity)
1400                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1401         if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
1402                 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1403         /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1404         r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1405         if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1406                 if (identity_passphrase)
1407                         old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1408                 else
1409                         old_passphrase =
1410                             read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1411                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1412                 r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1413                     &private, &comment);
1414                 freezero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1415                 if (r != 0)
1416                         goto badkey;
1417         } else if (r != 0) {
1418  badkey:
1419                 fatal("Failed to load key %s: %s", identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1420         }
1421         if (comment)
1422                 mprintf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1423
1424         /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1425         if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1426                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1427                 passphrase2 = NULL;
1428         } else {
1429                 passphrase1 =
1430                         read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1431                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1432                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1433                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1434
1435                 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1436                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1437                         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1438                         explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1439                         free(passphrase1);
1440                         free(passphrase2);
1441                         printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1442                         exit(1);
1443                 }
1444                 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1445                 freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1446         }
1447
1448         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1449         if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1450             comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1451                 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s.",
1452                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1453                 freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1454                 sshkey_free(private);
1455                 free(comment);
1456                 exit(1);
1457         }
1458         /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1459         freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1460         sshkey_free(private);            /* Destroys contents */
1461         free(comment);
1462
1463         printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1464         exit(0);
1465 }
1466
1467 /*
1468  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1469  */
1470 static int
1471 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname,
1472     int print_generic)
1473 {
1474         struct sshkey *public;
1475         char *comment = NULL;
1476         struct stat st;
1477         int r;
1478
1479         if (fname == NULL)
1480                 fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1481         if (stat(fname, &st) == -1) {
1482                 if (errno == ENOENT)
1483                         return 0;
1484                 fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1485         }
1486         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1487                 fatal("Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\": %s.",
1488                     fname, ssh_err(r));
1489         export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1490         sshkey_free(public);
1491         free(comment);
1492         return 1;
1493 }
1494
1495 /*
1496  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1497  */
1498 static void
1499 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw, const char *identity_comment)
1500 {
1501         char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1502         struct sshkey *private;
1503         struct sshkey *public;
1504         struct stat st;
1505         int r;
1506
1507         if (!have_identity)
1508                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1509         if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
1510                 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1511         if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1512             &private, &comment)) == 0)
1513                 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1514         else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
1515                 fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1516                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1517         else {
1518                 if (identity_passphrase)
1519                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1520                 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1521                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1522                 else
1523                         passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1524                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1525                 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1526                 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1527                     &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1528                         freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1529                         fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1530                             identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1531                 }
1532         }
1533
1534         if (private->type != KEY_ED25519 && private->type != KEY_XMSS &&
1535             private_key_format != SSHKEY_PRIVATE_OPENSSH) {
1536                 error("Comments are only supported for keys stored in "
1537                     "the new format (-o).");
1538                 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1539                 sshkey_free(private);
1540                 exit(1);
1541         }
1542         if (comment)
1543                 printf("Old comment: %s\n", comment);
1544         else
1545                 printf("No existing comment\n");
1546
1547         if (identity_comment) {
1548                 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1549         } else {
1550                 printf("New comment: ");
1551                 fflush(stdout);
1552                 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1553                         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1554                         sshkey_free(private);
1555                         exit(1);
1556                 }
1557                 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1558         }
1559         if (comment != NULL && strcmp(comment, new_comment) == 0) {
1560                 printf("No change to comment\n");
1561                 free(passphrase);
1562                 sshkey_free(private);
1563                 free(comment);
1564                 exit(0);
1565         }
1566
1567         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1568         if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1569             new_comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher,
1570             rounds)) != 0) {
1571                 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1572                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1573                 freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1574                 sshkey_free(private);
1575                 free(comment);
1576                 exit(1);
1577         }
1578         freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1579         if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1580                 fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1581         sshkey_free(private);
1582
1583         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1584         if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, identity_file, new_comment)) != 0) {
1585                 fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
1586                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1587         }
1588         sshkey_free(public);
1589         free(comment);
1590
1591         if (strlen(new_comment) > 0)
1592                 printf("Comment '%s' applied\n", new_comment);
1593         else
1594                 printf("Comment removed\n");
1595
1596         exit(0);
1597 }
1598
1599 static void
1600 add_flag_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name)
1601 {
1602         int r;
1603
1604         debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1605         if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1606             (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1607                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1608 }
1609
1610 static void
1611 add_string_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1612 {
1613         struct sshbuf *b;
1614         int r;
1615
1616         debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1617         if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1618                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1619         if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, value)) != 0 ||
1620             (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1621             (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1622                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1623
1624         sshbuf_free(b);
1625 }
1626
1627 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL        1
1628 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS      2
1629 static void
1630 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1631 {
1632         size_t i;
1633
1634         sshbuf_reset(c);
1635         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1636             certflags_command != NULL)
1637                 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1638         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1639             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1640                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1641         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1642             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1643                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1644         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1645             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1646                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1647         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1648             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1649                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1650         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1651             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1652                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1653         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1654             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE) != 0)
1655                 add_flag_option(c, "no-touch-required");
1656         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1657             certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1658                 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1659         for (i = 0; i < ncert_userext; i++) {
1660                 if ((cert_userext[i].crit && (which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS)) ||
1661                     (!cert_userext[i].crit && (which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL)))
1662                         continue;
1663                 if (cert_userext[i].val == NULL)
1664                         add_flag_option(c, cert_userext[i].key);
1665                 else {
1666                         add_string_option(c, cert_userext[i].key,
1667                             cert_userext[i].val);
1668                 }
1669         }
1670 }
1671
1672 static struct sshkey *
1673 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1674 {
1675 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1676         struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1677         int r, i, nkeys;
1678
1679         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1680                 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\": %s",
1681                     path, ssh_err(r));
1682
1683         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase,
1684             &keys, NULL);
1685         debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1686         if (nkeys <= 0)
1687                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1688         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1689                 if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1690                         private = keys[i];
1691                         continue;
1692                 }
1693                 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1694         }
1695         free(keys);
1696         sshkey_free(public);
1697         return private;
1698 #else
1699         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1700 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1701 }
1702
1703 /* Signer for sshkey_certify_custom that uses the agent */
1704 static int
1705 agent_signer(struct sshkey *key, u_char **sigp, size_t *lenp,
1706     const u_char *data, size_t datalen,
1707     const char *alg, const char *provider, u_int compat, void *ctx)
1708 {
1709         int *agent_fdp = (int *)ctx;
1710
1711         return ssh_agent_sign(*agent_fdp, key, sigp, lenp,
1712             data, datalen, alg, compat);
1713 }
1714
1715 static void
1716 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, const char *ca_key_path, int prefer_agent,
1717     unsigned long long cert_serial, int cert_serial_autoinc,
1718     int argc, char **argv)
1719 {
1720         int r, i, found, agent_fd = -1;
1721         u_int n;
1722         struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1723         char valid[64], *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment;
1724         char *ca_fp = NULL, **plist = NULL;
1725         struct ssh_identitylist *agent_ids;
1726         size_t j;
1727         struct notifier_ctx *notifier = NULL;
1728
1729 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1730         pkcs11_init(1);
1731 #endif
1732         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1733         if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1734                 /* If a PKCS#11 token was specified then try to use it */
1735                 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1736                         fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1737         } else if (prefer_agent) {
1738                 /*
1739                  * Agent signature requested. Try to use agent after making
1740                  * sure the public key specified is actually present in the
1741                  * agent.
1742                  */
1743                 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
1744                         fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
1745                             tmp, ssh_err(r));
1746                 if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&agent_fd)) != 0)
1747                         fatal("Cannot use public key for CA signature: %s",
1748                             ssh_err(r));
1749                 if ((r = ssh_fetch_identitylist(agent_fd, &agent_ids)) != 0)
1750                         fatal("Retrieve agent key list: %s", ssh_err(r));
1751                 found = 0;
1752                 for (j = 0; j < agent_ids->nkeys; j++) {
1753                         if (sshkey_equal(ca, agent_ids->keys[j])) {
1754                                 found = 1;
1755                                 break;
1756                         }
1757                 }
1758                 if (!found)
1759                         fatal("CA key %s not found in agent", tmp);
1760                 ssh_free_identitylist(agent_ids);
1761                 ca->flags |= SSHKEY_FLAG_EXT;
1762         } else {
1763                 /* CA key is assumed to be a private key on the filesystem */
1764                 ca = load_identity(tmp, NULL);
1765         }
1766         free(tmp);
1767
1768         if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1769                 if (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name) != ca->type) {
1770                         fatal("CA key type %s doesn't match specified %s",
1771                             sshkey_ssh_name(ca), key_type_name);
1772                 }
1773         } else if (ca->type == KEY_RSA) {
1774                 /* Default to a good signature algorithm */
1775                 key_type_name = "rsa-sha2-512";
1776         }
1777         ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(ca, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1778
1779         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1780                 /* Split list of principals */
1781                 n = 0;
1782                 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1783                         otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1784                         plist = NULL;
1785                         for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1786                                 plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1787                                 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1788                                         fatal("Empty principal name");
1789                         }
1790                         free(otmp);
1791                 }
1792                 if (n > SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS)
1793                         fatal("Too many certificate principals specified");
1794
1795                 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1796                 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1797                         fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\": %s",
1798                             __func__, tmp, ssh_err(r));
1799                 if (sshkey_is_cert(public))
1800                         fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1801                             __func__, tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1802
1803                 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1804                 if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0)
1805                         fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate: %s",
1806                             tmp, ssh_err(r));
1807                 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1808                 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1809                 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1810                 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1811                 public->cert->principals = plist;
1812                 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1813                 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1814                 prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1815                 prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1816                     OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1817                 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1818                     &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1819                         fatal("sshkey_from_private (ca key): %s", ssh_err(r));
1820
1821                 if (agent_fd != -1 && (ca->flags & SSHKEY_FLAG_EXT) != 0) {
1822                         if ((r = sshkey_certify_custom(public, ca,
1823                             key_type_name, sk_provider, agent_signer,
1824                             &agent_fd)) != 0)
1825                                 fatal("Couldn't certify key %s via agent: %s",
1826                                     tmp, ssh_err(r));
1827                 } else {
1828                         if (sshkey_is_sk(ca) &&
1829                             (ca->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD)) {
1830                                 notifier = notify_start(0,
1831                                     "Confirm user presence for key %s %s",
1832                                     sshkey_type(ca), ca_fp);
1833                         }
1834                         r = sshkey_certify(public, ca, key_type_name,
1835                             sk_provider);
1836                         notify_complete(notifier);
1837                         if (r != 0)
1838                                 fatal("Couldn't certify key %s: %s",
1839                                     tmp, ssh_err(r));
1840                 }
1841
1842                 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1843                         *cp = '\0';
1844                 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1845                 free(tmp);
1846
1847                 if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, out, comment)) != 0) {
1848                         fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
1849                             identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1850                 }
1851
1852                 if (!quiet) {
1853                         sshkey_format_cert_validity(public->cert,
1854                             valid, sizeof(valid));
1855                         logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1856                             "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1857                             out, public->cert->key_id,
1858                             (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1859                             cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1860                             cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1861                             valid);
1862                 }
1863
1864                 sshkey_free(public);
1865                 free(out);
1866                 if (cert_serial_autoinc)
1867                         cert_serial++;
1868         }
1869         free(ca_fp);
1870 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1871         pkcs11_terminate();
1872 #endif
1873         exit(0);
1874 }
1875
1876 static u_int64_t
1877 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1878 {
1879         int64_t mul, secs;
1880
1881         mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1882
1883         if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1884                 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1885         if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1886                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1887         return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1888 }
1889
1890 static void
1891 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1892 {
1893         char *from, *to;
1894         time_t now = time(NULL);
1895         int64_t secs;
1896
1897         /* +timespec relative to now */
1898         if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1899                 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1900                         fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1901                 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1902                 /*
1903                  * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1904                  * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1905                  */
1906                 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1907                 return;
1908         }
1909
1910         /*
1911          * from:to, where
1912          * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS | "always"
1913          *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS | "forever"
1914          */
1915         from = xstrdup(timespec);
1916         to = strchr(from, ':');
1917         if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1918                 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1919         *to++ = '\0';
1920
1921         if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1922                 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1923         else if (strcmp(from, "always") == 0)
1924                 cert_valid_from = 0;
1925         else if (parse_absolute_time(from, &cert_valid_from) != 0)
1926                 fatal("Invalid from time \"%s\"", from);
1927
1928         if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1929                 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1930         else if (strcmp(to, "forever") == 0)
1931                 cert_valid_to = ~(u_int64_t)0;
1932         else if (parse_absolute_time(to, &cert_valid_to) != 0)
1933                 fatal("Invalid to time \"%s\"", to);
1934
1935         if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1936                 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1937         free(from);
1938 }
1939
1940 static void
1941 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1942 {
1943         char *val, *cp;
1944         int iscrit = 0;
1945
1946         if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1947                 certflags_flags = 0;
1948         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1949                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1950         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1951                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1952         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1953                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1954         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1955                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1956         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1957                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1958         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1959                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1960         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1961                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1962         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1963                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1964         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1965                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1966         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1967                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1968         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "touch-required") == 0)
1969                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE;
1970         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-touch-required") == 0)
1971                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE;
1972         else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1973                 val = opt + 14;
1974                 if (*val == '\0')
1975                         fatal("Empty force-command option");
1976                 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1977                         fatal("force-command already specified");
1978                 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1979         } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1980                 val = opt + 15;
1981                 if (*val == '\0')
1982                         fatal("Empty source-address option");
1983                 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1984                         fatal("source-address already specified");
1985                 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1986                         fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1987                 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1988         } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "extension:", 10) == 0 ||
1989                    (iscrit = (strncasecmp(opt, "critical:", 9) == 0))) {
1990                 val = xstrdup(strchr(opt, ':') + 1);
1991                 if ((cp = strchr(val, '=')) != NULL)
1992                         *cp++ = '\0';
1993                 cert_userext = xreallocarray(cert_userext, ncert_userext + 1,
1994                     sizeof(*cert_userext));
1995                 cert_userext[ncert_userext].key = val;
1996                 cert_userext[ncert_userext].val = cp == NULL ?
1997                     NULL : xstrdup(cp);
1998                 cert_userext[ncert_userext].crit = iscrit;
1999                 ncert_userext++;
2000         } else
2001                 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
2002 }
2003
2004 static void
2005 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical)
2006 {
2007         char *name, *arg;
2008         struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
2009         int r;
2010
2011         if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
2012                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_fromb failed", __func__);
2013         while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
2014                 sshbuf_free(option);
2015                 option = NULL;
2016                 if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
2017                     (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
2018                         fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
2019                 printf("                %s", name);
2020                 if (!in_critical &&
2021                     (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
2022                     strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
2023                     strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
2024                     strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
2025                     strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0 ||
2026                     strcmp(name, "no-touch-required") == 0)) {
2027                         printf("\n");
2028                 } else if (in_critical &&
2029                     (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
2030                     strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
2031                         if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
2032                                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
2033                                     __func__, ssh_err(r));
2034                         printf(" %s\n", arg);
2035                         free(arg);
2036                 } else {
2037                         printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %zu)\n",
2038                             sshbuf_len(option));
2039                         sshbuf_reset(option);
2040                 }
2041                 free(name);
2042                 if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
2043                         fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
2044         }
2045         sshbuf_free(option);
2046         sshbuf_free(options);
2047 }
2048
2049 static void
2050 print_cert(struct sshkey *key)
2051 {
2052         char valid[64], *key_fp, *ca_fp;
2053         u_int i;
2054
2055         key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2056         ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
2057             fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2058         if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
2059                 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
2060         sshkey_format_cert_validity(key->cert, valid, sizeof(valid));
2061
2062         printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
2063             sshkey_cert_type(key));
2064         printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
2065         printf("        Signing CA: %s %s (using %s)\n",
2066             sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp,
2067             key->cert->signature_type);
2068         printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
2069         printf("        Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
2070         printf("        Valid: %s\n", valid);
2071         printf("        Principals: ");
2072         if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
2073                 printf("(none)\n");
2074         else {
2075                 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
2076                         printf("\n                %s",
2077                             key->cert->principals[i]);
2078                 printf("\n");
2079         }
2080         printf("        Critical Options: ");
2081         if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
2082                 printf("(none)\n");
2083         else {
2084                 printf("\n");
2085                 show_options(key->cert->critical, 1);
2086         }
2087         printf("        Extensions: ");
2088         if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
2089                 printf("(none)\n");
2090         else {
2091                 printf("\n");
2092                 show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0);
2093         }
2094 }
2095
2096 static void
2097 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
2098 {
2099         struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2100         struct stat st;
2101         int r, is_stdin = 0, ok = 0;
2102         FILE *f;
2103         char *cp, *line = NULL;
2104         const char *path;
2105         size_t linesize = 0;
2106         u_long lnum = 0;
2107
2108         if (!have_identity)
2109                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
2110         if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 && stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
2111                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
2112
2113         path = identity_file;
2114         if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2115                 f = stdin;
2116                 path = "(stdin)";
2117                 is_stdin = 1;
2118         } else if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
2119                 fatal("fopen %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2120
2121         while (getline(&line, &linesize, f) != -1) {
2122                 lnum++;
2123                 sshkey_free(key);
2124                 key = NULL;
2125                 /* Trim leading space and comments */
2126                 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2127                 if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
2128                         continue;
2129                 if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2130                         fatal("sshkey_new");
2131                 if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0) {
2132                         error("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s", path,
2133                             lnum, ssh_err(r));
2134                         continue;
2135                 }
2136                 if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
2137                         error("%s:%lu is not a certificate", path, lnum);
2138                         continue;
2139                 }
2140                 ok = 1;
2141                 if (!is_stdin && lnum == 1)
2142                         printf("%s:\n", path);
2143                 else
2144                         printf("%s:%lu:\n", path, lnum);
2145                 print_cert(key);
2146         }
2147         free(line);
2148         sshkey_free(key);
2149         fclose(f);
2150         exit(ok ? 0 : 1);
2151 }
2152
2153 static void
2154 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
2155 {
2156         struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
2157         int r;
2158
2159         if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(path, &krlbuf)) != 0)
2160                 fatal("Unable to load KRL: %s", ssh_err(r));
2161         /* XXX check sigs */
2162         if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
2163             *krlp == NULL)
2164                 fatal("Invalid KRL file: %s", ssh_err(r));
2165         sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
2166 }
2167
2168 static void
2169 hash_to_blob(const char *cp, u_char **blobp, size_t *lenp,
2170     const char *file, u_long lnum)
2171 {
2172         char *tmp;
2173         size_t tlen;
2174         struct sshbuf *b;
2175         int r;
2176
2177         if (strncmp(cp, "SHA256:", 7) != 0)
2178                 fatal("%s:%lu: unsupported hash algorithm", file, lnum);
2179         cp += 7;
2180
2181         /*
2182          * OpenSSH base64 hashes omit trailing '='
2183          * characters; put them back for decode.
2184          */
2185         tlen = strlen(cp);
2186         tmp = xmalloc(tlen + 4 + 1);
2187         strlcpy(tmp, cp, tlen + 1);
2188         while ((tlen % 4) != 0) {
2189                 tmp[tlen++] = '=';
2190                 tmp[tlen] = '\0';
2191         }
2192         if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2193                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
2194         if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(b, tmp)) != 0)
2195                 fatal("%s:%lu: decode hash failed: %s", file, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2196         free(tmp);
2197         *lenp = sshbuf_len(b);
2198         *blobp = xmalloc(*lenp);
2199         memcpy(*blobp, sshbuf_ptr(b), *lenp);
2200         sshbuf_free(b);
2201 }
2202
2203 static void
2204 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
2205     const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
2206 {
2207         struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2208         u_long lnum = 0;
2209         char *path, *cp, *ep, *line = NULL;
2210         u_char *blob = NULL;
2211         size_t blen = 0, linesize = 0;
2212         unsigned long long serial, serial2;
2213         int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, was_sha256, was_hash, r;
2214         FILE *krl_spec;
2215
2216         path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
2217         if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2218                 krl_spec = stdin;
2219                 free(path);
2220                 path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
2221         } else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
2222                 fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
2223
2224         if (!quiet)
2225                 printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
2226         while (getline(&line, &linesize, krl_spec) != -1) {
2227                 lnum++;
2228                 was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = was_sha256 = was_hash = 0;
2229                 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2230                 /* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
2231                 for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
2232                         if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
2233                                 cp[i] = '\0';
2234                                 break;
2235                         }
2236                         if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
2237                                 /* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
2238                                 if (r == -1)
2239                                         r = i;
2240                         } else
2241                                 r = -1;
2242                 }
2243                 if (r != -1)
2244                         cp[r] = '\0';
2245                 if (*cp == '\0')
2246                         continue;
2247                 if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
2248                         if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2249                                 fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
2250                                     "requires specification of a CA key");
2251                         }
2252                         cp += 7;
2253                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2254                         errno = 0;
2255                         serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2256                         if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
2257                                 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2258                                     path, lnum, cp);
2259                         if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2260                                 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2261                                     path, lnum);
2262                         serial2 = serial;
2263                         if (*ep == '-') {
2264                                 cp = ep + 1;
2265                                 errno = 0;
2266                                 serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2267                                 if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2268                                         fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2269                                             path, lnum, cp);
2270                                 if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2271                                         fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2272                                             path, lnum);
2273                                 if (serial2 <= serial)
2274                                         fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2275                                             "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2276                                             (unsigned long long)serial,
2277                                             (unsigned long long)serial2);
2278                         }
2279                         if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2280                             ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2281                                 fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2282                                     __func__);
2283                         }
2284                 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2285                         if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2286                                 fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2287                                     "requires specification of a CA key");
2288                         }
2289                         cp += 3;
2290                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2291                         if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2292                                 fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2293                 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "hash:", 5) == 0) {
2294                         cp += 5;
2295                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2296                         hash_to_blob(cp, &blob, &blen, file, lnum);
2297                         r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha256(krl, blob, blen);
2298                         if (r != 0)
2299                                 fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2300                                     __func__, ssh_err(r));
2301                 } else {
2302                         if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2303                                 cp += 4;
2304                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2305                                 was_explicit_key = 1;
2306                         } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2307                                 cp += 5;
2308                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2309                                 was_sha1 = 1;
2310                         } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha256:", 7) == 0) {
2311                                 cp += 7;
2312                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2313                                 was_sha256 = 1;
2314                                 /*
2315                                  * Just try to process the line as a key.
2316                                  * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2317                                  */
2318                         }
2319                         if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2320                                 fatal("sshkey_new");
2321                         if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2322                                 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s",
2323                                     path, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2324                         if (was_explicit_key)
2325                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2326                         else if (was_sha1) {
2327                                 if (sshkey_fingerprint_raw(key,
2328                                     SSH_DIGEST_SHA1, &blob, &blen) != 0) {
2329                                         fatal("%s:%lu: fingerprint failed",
2330                                             file, lnum);
2331                                 }
2332                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, blob, blen);
2333                         } else if (was_sha256) {
2334                                 if (sshkey_fingerprint_raw(key,
2335                                     SSH_DIGEST_SHA256, &blob, &blen) != 0) {
2336                                         fatal("%s:%lu: fingerprint failed",
2337                                             file, lnum);
2338                                 }
2339                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha256(krl, blob, blen);
2340                         } else
2341                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2342                         if (r != 0)
2343                                 fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2344                                     __func__, ssh_err(r));
2345                         freezero(blob, blen);
2346                         blob = NULL;
2347                         blen = 0;
2348                         sshkey_free(key);
2349                 }
2350         }
2351         if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2352                 fclose(krl_spec);
2353         free(line);
2354         free(path);
2355 }
2356
2357 static void
2358 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, const char *ca_key_path,
2359     unsigned long long krl_version, const char *krl_comment,
2360     int argc, char **argv)
2361 {
2362         struct ssh_krl *krl;
2363         struct stat sb;
2364         struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2365         int i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2366         char *tmp;
2367         struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2368
2369         if (*identity_file == '\0')
2370                 fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2371         if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2372                 if (errno != ENOENT)
2373                         fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2374                             identity_file, strerror(errno));
2375                 if (updating)
2376                         fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2377         }
2378         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2379                 if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2380                         wild_ca = 1;
2381                 else {
2382                         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2383                         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2384                                 fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
2385                                     tmp, ssh_err(r));
2386                         free(tmp);
2387                 }
2388         }
2389
2390         if (updating)
2391                 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2392         else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2393                 fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2394
2395         if (krl_version != 0)
2396                 ssh_krl_set_version(krl, krl_version);
2397         if (krl_comment != NULL)
2398                 ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, krl_comment);
2399
2400         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2401                 update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2402
2403         if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2404                 fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2405         if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2406                 fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2407         if ((r = sshbuf_write_file(identity_file, kbuf)) != 0)
2408                 fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2409         sshbuf_free(kbuf);
2410         ssh_krl_free(krl);
2411         sshkey_free(ca);
2412 }
2413
2414 static void
2415 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int print_krl, int argc, char **argv)
2416 {
2417         int i, r, ret = 0;
2418         char *comment;
2419         struct ssh_krl *krl;
2420         struct sshkey *k;
2421
2422         if (*identity_file == '\0')
2423                 fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2424         load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2425         if (print_krl)
2426                 krl_dump(krl, stdout);
2427         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2428                 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2429                         fatal("Cannot load public key %s: %s",
2430                             argv[i], ssh_err(r));
2431                 r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2432                 printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2433                     *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2434                     r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2435                 if (r != 0)
2436                         ret = 1;
2437                 sshkey_free(k);
2438                 free(comment);
2439         }
2440         ssh_krl_free(krl);
2441         exit(ret);
2442 }
2443
2444 static struct sshkey *
2445 load_sign_key(const char *keypath, const struct sshkey *pubkey)
2446 {
2447         size_t i, slen, plen = strlen(keypath);
2448         char *privpath = xstrdup(keypath);
2449         const char *suffixes[] = { "-cert.pub", ".pub", NULL };
2450         struct sshkey *ret = NULL, *privkey = NULL;
2451         int r;
2452
2453         /*
2454          * If passed a public key filename, then try to locate the corresponding
2455          * private key. This lets us specify certificates on the command-line
2456          * and have ssh-keygen find the appropriate private key.
2457          */
2458         for (i = 0; suffixes[i]; i++) {
2459                 slen = strlen(suffixes[i]);
2460                 if (plen <= slen ||
2461                     strcmp(privpath + plen - slen, suffixes[i]) != 0)
2462                         continue;
2463                 privpath[plen - slen] = '\0';
2464                 debug("%s: %s looks like a public key, using private key "
2465                     "path %s instead", __func__, keypath, privpath);
2466         }
2467         if ((privkey = load_identity(privpath, NULL)) == NULL) {
2468                 error("Couldn't load identity %s", keypath);
2469                 goto done;
2470         }
2471         if (!sshkey_equal_public(pubkey, privkey)) {
2472                 error("Public key %s doesn't match private %s",
2473                     keypath, privpath);
2474                 goto done;
2475         }
2476         if (sshkey_is_cert(pubkey) && !sshkey_is_cert(privkey)) {
2477                 /*
2478                  * Graft the certificate onto the private key to make
2479                  * it capable of signing.
2480                  */
2481                 if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(privkey)) != 0) {
2482                         error("%s: sshkey_to_certified: %s", __func__,
2483                             ssh_err(r));
2484                         goto done;
2485                 }
2486                 if ((r = sshkey_cert_copy(pubkey, privkey)) != 0) {
2487                         error("%s: sshkey_cert_copy: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
2488                         goto done;
2489                 }
2490         }
2491         /* success */
2492         ret = privkey;
2493         privkey = NULL;
2494  done:
2495         sshkey_free(privkey);
2496         free(privpath);
2497         return ret;
2498 }
2499
2500 static int
2501 sign_one(struct sshkey *signkey, const char *filename, int fd,
2502     const char *sig_namespace, sshsig_signer *signer, void *signer_ctx)
2503 {
2504         struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL;
2505         int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, wfd = -1, oerrno;
2506         char *wfile = NULL, *asig = NULL, *fp = NULL;
2507
2508         if (!quiet) {
2509                 if (fd == STDIN_FILENO)
2510                         fprintf(stderr, "Signing data on standard input\n");
2511                 else
2512                         fprintf(stderr, "Signing file %s\n", filename);
2513         }
2514         if (signer == NULL && sshkey_is_sk(signkey) &&
2515             (signkey->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD)) {
2516                 if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(signkey, fingerprint_hash,
2517                     SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
2518                         fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
2519                 fprintf(stderr, "Confirm user presence for key %s %s\n",
2520                     sshkey_type(signkey), fp);
2521                 free(fp);
2522         }
2523         if ((r = sshsig_sign_fd(signkey, NULL, sk_provider, fd, sig_namespace,
2524             &sigbuf, signer, signer_ctx)) != 0) {
2525                 error("Signing %s failed: %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
2526                 goto out;
2527         }
2528         if ((r = sshsig_armor(sigbuf, &abuf)) != 0) {
2529                 error("%s: sshsig_armor: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
2530                 goto out;
2531         }
2532         if ((asig = sshbuf_dup_string(abuf)) == NULL) {
2533                 error("%s: buffer error", __func__);
2534                 r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2535                 goto out;
2536         }
2537
2538         if (fd == STDIN_FILENO) {
2539                 fputs(asig, stdout);
2540                 fflush(stdout);
2541         } else {
2542                 xasprintf(&wfile, "%s.sig", filename);
2543                 if (confirm_overwrite(wfile)) {
2544                         if ((wfd = open(wfile, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,
2545                             0666)) == -1) {
2546                                 oerrno = errno;
2547                                 error("Cannot open %s: %s",
2548                                     wfile, strerror(errno));
2549                                 errno = oerrno;
2550                                 r = SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR;
2551                                 goto out;
2552                         }
2553                         if (atomicio(vwrite, wfd, asig,
2554                             strlen(asig)) != strlen(asig)) {
2555                                 oerrno = errno;
2556                                 error("Cannot write to %s: %s",
2557                                     wfile, strerror(errno));
2558                                 errno = oerrno;
2559                                 r = SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR;
2560                                 goto out;
2561                         }
2562                         if (!quiet) {
2563                                 fprintf(stderr, "Write signature to %s\n",
2564                                     wfile);
2565                         }
2566                 }
2567         }
2568         /* success */
2569         r = 0;
2570  out:
2571         free(wfile);
2572         free(asig);
2573         sshbuf_free(abuf);
2574         sshbuf_free(sigbuf);
2575         if (wfd != -1)
2576                 close(wfd);
2577         return r;
2578 }
2579
2580 static int
2581 sig_sign(const char *keypath, const char *sig_namespace, int argc, char **argv)
2582 {
2583         int i, fd = -1, r, ret = -1;
2584         int agent_fd = -1;
2585         struct sshkey *pubkey = NULL, *privkey = NULL, *signkey = NULL;
2586         sshsig_signer *signer = NULL;
2587
2588         /* Check file arguments. */
2589         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2590                 if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") != 0)
2591                         continue;
2592                 if (i > 0 || argc > 1)
2593                         fatal("Cannot sign mix of paths and standard input");
2594         }
2595
2596         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(keypath, &pubkey, NULL)) != 0) {
2597                 error("Couldn't load public key %s: %s", keypath, ssh_err(r));
2598                 goto done;
2599         }
2600
2601         if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&agent_fd)) != 0)
2602                 debug("Couldn't get agent socket: %s", ssh_err(r));
2603         else {
2604                 if ((r = ssh_agent_has_key(agent_fd, pubkey)) == 0)
2605                         signer = agent_signer;
2606                 else
2607                         debug("Couldn't find key in agent: %s", ssh_err(r));
2608         }
2609
2610         if (signer == NULL) {
2611                 /* Not using agent - try to load private key */
2612                 if ((privkey = load_sign_key(keypath, pubkey)) == NULL)
2613                         goto done;
2614                 signkey = privkey;
2615         } else {
2616                 /* Will use key in agent */
2617                 signkey = pubkey;
2618         }
2619
2620         if (argc == 0) {
2621                 if ((r = sign_one(signkey, "(stdin)", STDIN_FILENO,
2622                     sig_namespace, signer, &agent_fd)) != 0)
2623                         goto done;
2624         } else {
2625                 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2626                         if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") == 0)
2627                                 fd = STDIN_FILENO;
2628                         else if ((fd = open(argv[i], O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
2629                                 error("Cannot open %s for signing: %s",
2630                                     argv[i], strerror(errno));
2631                                 goto done;
2632                         }
2633                         if ((r = sign_one(signkey, argv[i], fd, sig_namespace,
2634                             signer, &agent_fd)) != 0)
2635                                 goto done;
2636                         if (fd != STDIN_FILENO)
2637                                 close(fd);
2638                         fd = -1;
2639                 }
2640         }
2641
2642         ret = 0;
2643 done:
2644         if (fd != -1 && fd != STDIN_FILENO)
2645                 close(fd);
2646         sshkey_free(pubkey);
2647         sshkey_free(privkey);
2648         return ret;
2649 }
2650
2651 static int
2652 sig_verify(const char *signature, const char *sig_namespace,
2653     const char *principal, const char *allowed_keys, const char *revoked_keys)
2654 {
2655         int r, ret = -1;
2656         struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL;
2657         struct sshkey *sign_key = NULL;
2658         char *fp = NULL;
2659         struct sshkey_sig_details *sig_details = NULL;
2660
2661         memset(&sig_details, 0, sizeof(sig_details));
2662         if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(signature, &abuf)) != 0) {
2663                 error("Couldn't read signature file: %s", ssh_err(r));
2664                 goto done;
2665         }
2666
2667         if ((r = sshsig_dearmor(abuf, &sigbuf)) != 0) {
2668                 error("%s: sshsig_armor: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
2669                 goto done;
2670         }
2671         if ((r = sshsig_verify_fd(sigbuf, STDIN_FILENO, sig_namespace,
2672             &sign_key, &sig_details)) != 0)
2673                 goto done; /* sshsig_verify() prints error */
2674
2675         if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(sign_key, fingerprint_hash,
2676             SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
2677                 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
2678         debug("Valid (unverified) signature from key %s", fp);
2679         if (sig_details != NULL) {
2680                 debug2("%s: signature details: counter = %u, flags = 0x%02x",
2681                     __func__, sig_details->sk_counter, sig_details->sk_flags);
2682         }
2683         free(fp);
2684         fp = NULL;
2685
2686         if (revoked_keys != NULL) {
2687                 if ((r = sshkey_check_revoked(sign_key, revoked_keys)) != 0) {
2688                         debug3("sshkey_check_revoked failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2689                         goto done;
2690                 }
2691         }
2692
2693         if (allowed_keys != NULL &&
2694             (r = sshsig_check_allowed_keys(allowed_keys, sign_key,
2695                                            principal, sig_namespace)) != 0) {
2696                 debug3("sshsig_check_allowed_keys failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2697                 goto done;
2698         }
2699         /* success */
2700         ret = 0;
2701 done:
2702         if (!quiet) {
2703                 if (ret == 0) {
2704                         if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(sign_key, fingerprint_hash,
2705                             SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) {
2706                                 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed",
2707                                     __func__);
2708                         }
2709                         if (principal == NULL) {
2710                                 printf("Good \"%s\" signature with %s key %s\n",
2711                                        sig_namespace, sshkey_type(sign_key), fp);
2712
2713                         } else {
2714                                 printf("Good \"%s\" signature for %s with %s key %s\n",
2715                                        sig_namespace, principal,
2716                                        sshkey_type(sign_key), fp);
2717                         }
2718                 } else {
2719                         printf("Could not verify signature.\n");
2720                 }
2721         }
2722         sshbuf_free(sigbuf);
2723         sshbuf_free(abuf);
2724         sshkey_free(sign_key);
2725         sshkey_sig_details_free(sig_details);
2726         free(fp);
2727         return ret;
2728 }
2729
2730 static int
2731 sig_find_principals(const char *signature, const char *allowed_keys) {
2732         int r, ret = -1;
2733         struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL;
2734         struct sshkey *sign_key = NULL;
2735         char *principals = NULL, *cp, *tmp;
2736
2737         if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(signature, &abuf)) != 0) {
2738                 error("Couldn't read signature file: %s", ssh_err(r));
2739                 goto done;
2740         }
2741         if ((r = sshsig_dearmor(abuf, &sigbuf)) != 0) {
2742                 error("%s: sshsig_armor: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
2743                 goto done;
2744         }
2745         if ((r = sshsig_get_pubkey(sigbuf, &sign_key)) != 0) {
2746                 error("%s: sshsig_get_pubkey: %s",
2747                     __func__, ssh_err(r));
2748                 goto done;
2749         }
2750         if ((r = sshsig_find_principals(allowed_keys, sign_key,
2751             &principals)) != 0) {
2752                 error("%s: sshsig_get_principal: %s",
2753                       __func__, ssh_err(r));
2754                 goto done;
2755         }
2756         ret = 0;
2757 done:
2758         if (ret == 0 ) {
2759                 /* Emit matching principals one per line */
2760                 tmp = principals;
2761                 while ((cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0')
2762                         puts(cp);
2763         } else {
2764                 fprintf(stderr, "No principal matched.\n");
2765         }
2766         sshbuf_free(sigbuf);
2767         sshbuf_free(abuf);
2768         sshkey_free(sign_key);
2769         free(principals);
2770         return ret;
2771 }
2772
2773 static void
2774 do_moduli_gen(const char *out_file, char **opts, size_t nopts)
2775 {
2776 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2777         /* Moduli generation/screening */
2778         u_int32_t memory = 0;
2779         BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2780         int moduli_bits = 0;
2781         FILE *out;
2782         size_t i;
2783         const char *errstr;
2784
2785         /* Parse options */
2786         for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
2787                 if (strncmp(opts[i], "memory=", 7) == 0) {
2788                         memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(opts[i]+7, 1,
2789                             UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2790                         if (errstr) {
2791                                 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s",
2792                                     errstr, opts[i]+7);
2793                         }
2794                 } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "start=", 6) == 0) {
2795                         /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2796                         if (BN_hex2bn(&start, opts[i]+6) == 0)
2797                                 fatal("Invalid start point.");
2798                 } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "bits=", 5) == 0) {
2799                         moduli_bits = (int)strtonum(opts[i]+5, 1,
2800                             INT_MAX, &errstr);
2801                         if (errstr) {
2802                                 fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2803                                         opts[i]+12, errstr);
2804                         }
2805                 } else {
2806                         fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for moduli "
2807                             "generation", opts[i]);
2808                 }
2809         }
2810
2811         if ((out = fopen(out_file, "w")) == NULL) {
2812                 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2813                     out_file, strerror(errno));
2814         }
2815         setvbuf(out, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
2816
2817         if (moduli_bits == 0)
2818                 moduli_bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2819         if (gen_candidates(out, memory, moduli_bits, start) != 0)
2820                 fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2821 #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2822         fatal("Moduli generation is not supported");
2823 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2824 }
2825
2826 static void
2827 do_moduli_screen(const char *out_file, char **opts, size_t nopts)
2828 {
2829 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2830         /* Moduli generation/screening */
2831         char *checkpoint = NULL;
2832         u_int32_t generator_wanted = 0;
2833         unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2834         int prime_tests = 0;
2835         FILE *out, *in = stdin;
2836         size_t i;
2837         const char *errstr;
2838
2839         /* Parse options */
2840         for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
2841                 if (strncmp(opts[i], "lines=", 6) == 0) {
2842                         lines_to_process = strtoul(opts[i]+6, NULL, 10);
2843                 } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "start-line=", 11) == 0) {
2844                         start_lineno = strtoul(opts[i]+11, NULL, 10);
2845                 } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "checkpoint=", 11) == 0) {
2846                         checkpoint = xstrdup(opts[i]+11);
2847                 } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "generator=", 10) == 0) {
2848                         generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(
2849                             opts[i]+10, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2850                         if (errstr != NULL) {
2851                                 fatal("Generator invalid: %s (%s)",
2852                                     opts[i]+10, errstr);
2853                         }
2854                 } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "prime-tests=", 12) == 0) {
2855                         prime_tests = (int)strtonum(opts[i]+12, 1,
2856                             INT_MAX, &errstr);
2857                         if (errstr) {
2858                                 fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2859                                         opts[i]+12, errstr);
2860                         }
2861                 } else {
2862                         fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for moduli "
2863                             "screening", opts[i]);
2864                 }
2865         }
2866
2867         if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2868                 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2869                         fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2870                             "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2871                             strerror(errno));
2872                 }
2873         }
2874
2875         if ((out = fopen(out_file, "a")) == NULL) {
2876                 fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2877                     out_file, strerror(errno));
2878         }
2879         setvbuf(out, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
2880         if (prime_test(in, out, prime_tests == 0 ? 100 : prime_tests,
2881             generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2882             start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2883                 fatal("modulus screening failed");
2884 #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2885         fatal("Moduli screening is not supported");
2886 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2887 }
2888
2889 static char *
2890 private_key_passphrase(void)
2891 {
2892         char *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2893
2894         /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2895         if (identity_passphrase)
2896                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2897         else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2898                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2899         else {
2900 passphrase_again:
2901                 passphrase1 =
2902                         read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2903                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2904                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2905                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2906                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2907                         /*
2908                          * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2909                          * retry.
2910                          */
2911                         freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2912                         freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2913                         printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2914                         goto passphrase_again;
2915                 }
2916                 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2917                 freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2918         }
2919         return passphrase1;
2920 }
2921
2922 static const char *
2923 skip_ssh_url_preamble(const char *s)
2924 {
2925         if (strncmp(s, "ssh://", 6) == 0)
2926                 return s + 6;
2927         else if (strncmp(s, "ssh:", 4) == 0)
2928                 return s + 4;
2929         return s;
2930 }
2931
2932 static int
2933 do_download_sk(const char *skprovider, const char *device)
2934 {
2935         struct sshkey **keys;
2936         size_t nkeys, i;
2937         int r, ok = -1;
2938         char *fp, *pin = NULL, *pass = NULL, *path, *pubpath;
2939         const char *ext;
2940
2941         if (skprovider == NULL)
2942                 fatal("Cannot download keys without provider");
2943
2944         for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
2945                 if (i == 1) {
2946                         pin = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for authenticator: ",
2947                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2948                 }
2949                 if ((r = sshsk_load_resident(skprovider, device, pin,
2950                     &keys, &nkeys)) != 0) {
2951                         if (i == 0 && r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
2952                                 continue;
2953                         if (pin != NULL)
2954                                 freezero(pin, strlen(pin));
2955                         error("Unable to load resident keys: %s", ssh_err(r));
2956                         return -1;
2957                 }
2958         }
2959         if (nkeys == 0)
2960                 logit("No keys to download");
2961         if (pin != NULL)
2962                 freezero(pin, strlen(pin));
2963
2964         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
2965                 if (keys[i]->type != KEY_ECDSA_SK &&
2966                     keys[i]->type != KEY_ED25519_SK) {
2967                         error("Unsupported key type %s (%d)",
2968                             sshkey_type(keys[i]), keys[i]->type);
2969                         continue;
2970                 }
2971                 if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i],
2972                     fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
2973                         fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
2974                 debug("%s: key %zu: %s %s %s (flags 0x%02x)", __func__, i,
2975                     sshkey_type(keys[i]), fp, keys[i]->sk_application,
2976                     keys[i]->sk_flags);
2977                 ext = skip_ssh_url_preamble(keys[i]->sk_application);
2978                 xasprintf(&path, "id_%s_rk%s%s",
2979                     keys[i]->type == KEY_ECDSA_SK ? "ecdsa_sk" : "ed25519_sk",
2980                     *ext == '\0' ? "" : "_", ext);
2981
2982                 /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2983                 if (!confirm_overwrite(path)) {
2984                         free(path);
2985                         break;
2986                 }
2987
2988                 /* Save the key with the application string as the comment */
2989                 if (pass == NULL)
2990                         pass = private_key_passphrase();
2991                 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(keys[i], path, pass,
2992                     keys[i]->sk_application, private_key_format,
2993                     openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2994                         error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
2995                             path, ssh_err(r));
2996                         free(path);
2997                         break;
2998                 }
2999                 if (!quiet) {
3000                         printf("Saved %s key%s%s to %s\n",
3001                             sshkey_type(keys[i]),
3002                             *ext != '\0' ? " " : "",
3003                             *ext != '\0' ? keys[i]->sk_application : "",
3004                             path);
3005                 }
3006
3007                 /* Save public key too */
3008                 xasprintf(&pubpath, "%s.pub", path);
3009                 free(path);
3010                 if ((r = sshkey_save_public(keys[i], pubpath,
3011                     keys[i]->sk_application)) != 0) {
3012                         error("Saving public key \"%s\" failed: %s",
3013                             pubpath, ssh_err(r));
3014                         free(pubpath);
3015                         break;
3016                 }
3017                 free(pubpath);
3018         }
3019
3020         if (i >= nkeys)
3021                 ok = 0; /* success */
3022         if (pass != NULL)
3023                 freezero(pass, strlen(pass));
3024         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++)
3025                 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
3026         free(keys);
3027         return ok ? 0 : -1;
3028 }
3029
3030 static void
3031 usage(void)
3032 {
3033         fprintf(stderr,
3034             "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile] [-m format]\n"
3035             "                  [-t dsa | ecdsa | ecdsa-sk | ed25519 | ed25519-sk | rsa]\n"
3036             "                  [-N new_passphrase] [-O option] [-w provider]\n"
3037             "       ssh-keygen -p [-f keyfile] [-m format] [-N new_passphrase]\n"
3038             "                   [-P old_passphrase]\n"
3039             "       ssh-keygen -i [-f input_keyfile] [-m key_format]\n"
3040             "       ssh-keygen -e [-f input_keyfile] [-m key_format]\n"
3041             "       ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3042             "       ssh-keygen -c [-C comment] [-f keyfile] [-P passphrase]\n"
3043             "       ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3044             "       ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
3045 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
3046         fprintf(stderr,
3047             "       ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
3048 #endif
3049         fprintf(stderr,
3050             "       ssh-keygen -F hostname [-lv] [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
3051             "       ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
3052             "       ssh-keygen -K [-w provider]\n"
3053             "       ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
3054             "       ssh-keygen -r hostname [-g] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3055 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3056             "       ssh-keygen -M generate [-O option] output_file\n"
3057             "       ssh-keygen -M screen [-f input_file] [-O option] output_file\n"
3058 #endif
3059             "       ssh-keygen -I certificate_identity -s ca_key [-hU] [-D pkcs11_provider]\n"
3060             "                  [-n principals] [-O option] [-V validity_interval]\n"
3061             "                  [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
3062             "       ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3063             "       ssh-keygen -A [-f prefix_path]\n"
3064             "       ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
3065             "                  file ...\n"
3066             "       ssh-keygen -Q [-l] -f krl_file [file ...]\n"
3067             "       ssh-keygen -Y find-principals -s signature_file -f allowed_signers_file\n"
3068             "       ssh-keygen -Y check-novalidate -n namespace -s signature_file\n"
3069             "       ssh-keygen -Y sign -f key_file -n namespace file ...\n"
3070             "       ssh-keygen -Y verify -f allowed_signers_file -I signer_identity\n"
3071             "                   -n namespace -s signature_file [-r revocation_file]\n");
3072         exit(1);
3073 }
3074
3075 /*
3076  * Main program for key management.
3077  */
3078 int
3079 main(int argc, char **argv)
3080 {
3081         char dotsshdir[PATH_MAX], comment[1024], *passphrase;
3082         char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
3083         struct sshkey *private, *public;
3084         struct passwd *pw;
3085         struct stat st;
3086         int r, opt, type;
3087         int change_passphrase = 0, change_comment = 0, show_cert = 0;
3088         int find_host = 0, delete_host = 0, hash_hosts = 0;
3089         int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
3090         int prefer_agent = 0, convert_to = 0, convert_from = 0;
3091         int print_public = 0, print_generic = 0, cert_serial_autoinc = 0;
3092         int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0, download_sk = 0;
3093         unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
3094         char *identity_comment = NULL, *ca_key_path = NULL, **opts = NULL;
3095         char *sk_application = NULL, *sk_device = NULL, *sk_user = NULL;
3096         char *sk_attestaion_path = NULL;
3097         struct sshbuf *challenge = NULL, *attest = NULL;
3098         size_t i, nopts = 0;
3099         u_int32_t bits = 0;
3100         uint8_t sk_flags = SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD;
3101         const char *errstr;
3102         int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
3103         char *sign_op = NULL;
3104
3105         extern int optind;
3106         extern char *optarg;
3107
3108         /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
3109         sanitise_stdfd();
3110
3111         __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
3112
3113         seed_rng();
3114
3115         log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
3116
3117         msetlocale();
3118
3119         /* we need this for the home * directory.  */
3120         pw = getpwuid(getuid());
3121         if (!pw)
3122                 fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
3123         if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) == -1)
3124                 fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
3125
3126         sk_provider = getenv("SSH_SK_PROVIDER");
3127
3128         /* Remaining characters: dGjJSTWx */
3129         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHKLQUXceghiklopquvy"
3130             "C:D:E:F:I:M:N:O:P:R:V:Y:Z:"
3131             "a:b:f:g:m:n:r:s:t:w:z:")) != -1) {
3132                 switch (opt) {
3133                 case 'A':
3134                         gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
3135                         break;
3136                 case 'b':
3137                         bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT32_MAX,
3138                             &errstr);
3139                         if (errstr)
3140                                 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
3141                                         optarg, errstr);
3142                         break;
3143                 case 'E':
3144                         fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
3145                         if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
3146                                 fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
3147                         break;
3148                 case 'F':
3149                         find_host = 1;
3150                         rr_hostname = optarg;
3151                         break;
3152                 case 'H':
3153                         hash_hosts = 1;
3154                         break;
3155                 case 'I':
3156                         cert_key_id = optarg;
3157                         break;
3158                 case 'R':
3159                         delete_host = 1;
3160                         rr_hostname = optarg;
3161                         break;
3162                 case 'L':
3163                         show_cert = 1;
3164                         break;
3165                 case 'l':
3166                         print_fingerprint = 1;
3167                         break;
3168                 case 'B':
3169                         print_bubblebabble = 1;
3170                         break;
3171                 case 'm':
3172                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
3173                             strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
3174                                 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
3175                                 break;
3176                         }
3177                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
3178                                 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
3179                                 private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PKCS8;
3180                                 break;
3181                         }
3182                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
3183                                 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
3184                                 private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM;
3185                                 break;
3186                         }
3187                         fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
3188                 case 'n':
3189                         cert_principals = optarg;
3190                         break;
3191                 case 'o':
3192                         /* no-op; new format is already the default */
3193                         break;
3194                 case 'p':
3195                         change_passphrase = 1;
3196                         break;
3197                 case 'c':
3198                         change_comment = 1;
3199                         break;
3200                 case 'f':
3201                         if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg,
3202                             sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file))
3203                                 fatal("Identity filename too long");
3204                         have_identity = 1;
3205                         break;
3206                 case 'g':
3207                         print_generic = 1;
3208                         break;
3209                 case 'K':
3210                         download_sk = 1;
3211                         break;
3212                 case 'P':
3213                         identity_passphrase = optarg;
3214                         break;
3215                 case 'N':
3216                         identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
3217                         break;
3218                 case 'Q':
3219                         check_krl = 1;
3220                         break;
3221                 case 'O':
3222                         opts = xrecallocarray(opts, nopts, nopts + 1,
3223                             sizeof(*opts));
3224                         opts[nopts++] = xstrdup(optarg);
3225                         break;
3226                 case 'Z':
3227                         openssh_format_cipher = optarg;
3228                         break;
3229                 case 'C':
3230                         identity_comment = optarg;
3231                         break;
3232                 case 'q':
3233                         quiet = 1;
3234                         break;
3235                 case 'e':
3236                         /* export key */
3237                         convert_to = 1;
3238                         break;
3239                 case 'h':
3240                         cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
3241                         certflags_flags = 0;
3242                         break;
3243                 case 'k':
3244                         gen_krl = 1;
3245                         break;
3246                 case 'i':
3247                 case 'X':
3248                         /* import key */
3249                         convert_from = 1;
3250                         break;
3251                 case 'y':
3252                         print_public = 1;
3253                         break;
3254                 case 's':
3255                         ca_key_path = optarg;
3256                         break;
3257                 case 't':
3258                         key_type_name = optarg;
3259                         break;
3260                 case 'D':
3261                         pkcs11provider = optarg;
3262                         break;
3263                 case 'U':
3264                         prefer_agent = 1;
3265                         break;
3266                 case 'u':
3267                         update_krl = 1;
3268                         break;
3269                 case 'v':
3270                         if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
3271                                 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
3272                         else {
3273                                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
3274                                     log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
3275                                         log_level++;
3276                         }
3277                         break;
3278                 case 'r':
3279                         rr_hostname = optarg;
3280                         break;
3281                 case 'a':
3282                         rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
3283                         if (errstr)
3284                                 fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
3285                                         optarg, errstr);
3286                         break;
3287                 case 'V':
3288                         parse_cert_times(optarg);
3289                         break;
3290                 case 'Y':
3291                         sign_op = optarg;
3292                         break;
3293                 case 'w':
3294                         sk_provider = optarg;
3295                         break;
3296                 case 'z':
3297                         errno = 0;
3298                         if (*optarg == '+') {
3299                                 cert_serial_autoinc = 1;
3300                                 optarg++;
3301                         }
3302                         cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
3303                         if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
3304                             (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
3305                                 fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
3306                         break;
3307                 case 'M':
3308                         if (strcmp(optarg, "generate") == 0)
3309                                 do_gen_candidates = 1;
3310                         else if (strcmp(optarg, "screen") == 0)
3311                                 do_screen_candidates = 1;
3312                         else
3313                                 fatal("Unsupported moduli option %s", optarg);
3314                         break;
3315                 case '?':
3316                 default:
3317                         usage();
3318                 }
3319         }
3320
3321 #ifdef ENABLE_SK_INTERNAL
3322         if (sk_provider == NULL)
3323                 sk_provider = "internal";
3324 #endif
3325
3326         /* reinit */
3327         log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
3328
3329         argv += optind;
3330         argc -= optind;
3331
3332         if (sign_op != NULL) {
3333                 if (strncmp(sign_op, "find-principals", 15) == 0) {
3334                         if (ca_key_path == NULL) {
3335                                 error("Too few arguments for find-principals:"
3336                                       "missing signature file");
3337                                 exit(1);
3338                         }
3339                         if (!have_identity) {
3340                                 error("Too few arguments for find-principals:"
3341                                       "missing allowed keys file");
3342                                 exit(1);
3343                         }
3344                         return sig_find_principals(ca_key_path, identity_file);
3345                 } else if (strncmp(sign_op, "sign", 4) == 0) {
3346                         if (cert_principals == NULL ||
3347                             *cert_principals == '\0') {
3348                                 error("Too few arguments for sign: "
3349                                     "missing namespace");
3350                                 exit(1);
3351                         }
3352                         if (!have_identity) {
3353                                 error("Too few arguments for sign: "
3354                                     "missing key");
3355                                 exit(1);
3356                         }
3357                         return sig_sign(identity_file, cert_principals,
3358                             argc, argv);
3359                 } else if (strncmp(sign_op, "check-novalidate", 16) == 0) {
3360                         if (ca_key_path == NULL) {
3361                                 error("Too few arguments for check-novalidate: "
3362                                       "missing signature file");
3363                                 exit(1);
3364                         }
3365                         return sig_verify(ca_key_path, cert_principals,
3366                             NULL, NULL, NULL);
3367                 } else if (strncmp(sign_op, "verify", 6) == 0) {
3368                         if (cert_principals == NULL ||
3369                             *cert_principals == '\0') {
3370                                 error("Too few arguments for verify: "
3371                                     "missing namespace");
3372                                 exit(1);
3373                         }
3374                         if (ca_key_path == NULL) {
3375                                 error("Too few arguments for verify: "
3376                                     "missing signature file");
3377                                 exit(1);
3378                         }
3379                         if (!have_identity) {
3380                                 error("Too few arguments for sign: "
3381                                     "missing allowed keys file");
3382                                 exit(1);
3383                         }
3384                         if (cert_key_id == NULL) {
3385                                 error("Too few arguments for verify: "
3386                                     "missing principal ID");
3387                                 exit(1);
3388                         }
3389                         return sig_verify(ca_key_path, cert_principals,
3390                             cert_key_id, identity_file, rr_hostname);
3391                 }
3392                 error("Unsupported operation for -Y: \"%s\"", sign_op);
3393                 usage();
3394                 /* NOTREACHED */
3395         }
3396
3397         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
3398                 if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
3399                         error("Too few arguments.");
3400                         usage();
3401                 }
3402         } else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl &&
3403             !do_gen_candidates && !do_screen_candidates) {
3404                 error("Too many arguments.");
3405                 usage();
3406         }
3407         if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
3408                 error("Can only have one of -p and -c.");
3409                 usage();
3410         }
3411         if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
3412                 error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.");
3413                 usage();
3414         }
3415         if (gen_krl) {
3416                 do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, ca_key_path,
3417                     cert_serial, identity_comment, argc, argv);
3418                 return (0);
3419         }
3420         if (check_krl) {
3421                 do_check_krl(pw, print_fingerprint, argc, argv);
3422                 return (0);
3423         }
3424         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
3425                 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
3426                         fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
3427                 for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++)
3428                         add_cert_option(opts[i]);
3429                 do_ca_sign(pw, ca_key_path, prefer_agent,
3430                     cert_serial, cert_serial_autoinc, argc, argv);
3431         }
3432         if (show_cert)
3433                 do_show_cert(pw);
3434         if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host) {
3435                 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname, find_host,
3436                     delete_host, hash_hosts);
3437         }
3438         if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
3439                 do_download(pw);
3440         if (download_sk) {
3441                 for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
3442                         if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "device=", 7) == 0) {
3443                                 sk_device = xstrdup(opts[i] + 7);
3444                         } else {
3445                                 fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for "
3446                                     "FIDO authenticator download", opts[i]);
3447                         }
3448                 }
3449                 return do_download_sk(sk_provider, sk_device);
3450         }
3451         if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
3452                 do_fingerprint(pw);
3453         if (change_passphrase)
3454                 do_change_passphrase(pw);
3455         if (change_comment)
3456                 do_change_comment(pw, identity_comment);
3457 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3458         if (convert_to)
3459                 do_convert_to(pw);
3460         if (convert_from)
3461                 do_convert_from(pw);
3462 #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3463         if (convert_to || convert_from)
3464                 fatal("key conversion disabled at compile time");
3465 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3466         if (print_public)
3467                 do_print_public(pw);
3468         if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
3469                 unsigned int n = 0;
3470
3471                 if (have_identity) {
3472                         n = do_print_resource_record(pw, identity_file,
3473                             rr_hostname, print_generic);
3474                         if (n == 0)
3475                                 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
3476                         exit(0);
3477                 } else {
3478
3479                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3480                             _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3481                             print_generic);
3482                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3483                             _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3484                             print_generic);
3485                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3486                             _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3487                             print_generic);
3488                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3489                             _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3490                             print_generic);
3491                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3492                             _PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3493                             print_generic);
3494                         if (n == 0)
3495                                 fatal("no keys found.");
3496                         exit(0);
3497                 }
3498         }
3499
3500         if (do_gen_candidates || do_screen_candidates) {
3501                 if (argc <= 0)
3502                         fatal("No output file specified");
3503                 else if (argc > 1)
3504                         fatal("Too many output files specified");
3505         }
3506         if (do_gen_candidates) {
3507                 do_moduli_gen(argv[0], opts, nopts);
3508                 return 0;
3509         }
3510         if (do_screen_candidates) {
3511                 do_moduli_screen(argv[0], opts, nopts);
3512                 return 0;
3513         }
3514
3515         if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
3516                 do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
3517                 return (0);
3518         }
3519
3520         if (key_type_name == NULL)
3521                 key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME;
3522
3523         type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
3524         type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
3525
3526         if (!quiet)
3527                 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
3528                     key_type_name);
3529         switch (type) {
3530         case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
3531         case KEY_ED25519_SK:
3532                 for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
3533                         if (strcasecmp(opts[i], "no-touch-required") == 0) {
3534                                 sk_flags &= ~SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD;
3535                         } else if (strcasecmp(opts[i], "resident") == 0) {
3536                                 sk_flags |= SSH_SK_RESIDENT_KEY;
3537                         } else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "device=", 7) == 0) {
3538                                 sk_device = xstrdup(opts[i] + 7);
3539                         } else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "user=", 5) == 0) {
3540                                 sk_user = xstrdup(opts[i] + 5);
3541                         } else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "challenge=", 10) == 0) {
3542                                 if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(opts[i] + 10,
3543                                     &challenge)) != 0) {
3544                                         fatal("Unable to load FIDO enrollment "
3545                                             "challenge \"%s\": %s",
3546                                             opts[i] + 10, ssh_err(r));
3547                                 }
3548                         } else if (strncasecmp(opts[i],
3549                             "write-attestation=", 18) == 0) {
3550                                 sk_attestaion_path = opts[i] + 18;
3551                         } else if (strncasecmp(opts[i],
3552                             "application=", 12) == 0) {
3553                                 sk_application = xstrdup(opts[i] + 12);
3554                                 if (strncmp(sk_application, "ssh:", 4) != 0) {
3555                                         fatal("FIDO application string must "
3556                                             "begin with \"ssh:\"");
3557                                 }
3558                         } else {
3559                                 fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for "
3560                                     "FIDO authenticator enrollment", opts[i]);
3561                         }
3562                 }
3563                 if (!quiet) {
3564                         printf("You may need to touch your authenticator "
3565                             "to authorize key generation.\n");
3566                 }
3567                 passphrase = NULL;
3568                 if ((attest = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
3569                         fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
3570                 for (i = 0 ; ; i++) {
3571                         fflush(stdout);
3572                         r = sshsk_enroll(type, sk_provider, sk_device,
3573                             sk_application == NULL ? "ssh:" : sk_application,
3574                             sk_user, sk_flags, passphrase, challenge,
3575                             &private, attest);
3576                         if (r == 0)
3577                                 break;
3578                         if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
3579                                 fatal("Key enrollment failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
3580                         else if (i > 0)
3581                                 error("PIN incorrect");
3582                         if (passphrase != NULL) {
3583                                 freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3584                                 passphrase = NULL;
3585                         }
3586                         if (i >= 3)
3587                                 fatal("Too many incorrect PINs");
3588                         passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for "
3589                             "authenticator: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
3590                 }
3591                 if (passphrase != NULL) {
3592                         freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3593                         passphrase = NULL;
3594                 }
3595                 break;
3596         default:
3597                 if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0)
3598                         fatal("sshkey_generate failed");
3599                 break;
3600         }
3601         if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
3602                 fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
3603
3604         if (!have_identity)
3605                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
3606
3607         /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
3608         snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
3609             pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
3610         if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
3611                 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) == -1) {
3612                         if (errno != ENOENT) {
3613                                 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
3614                                     strerror(errno));
3615                         } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) == -1) {
3616                                 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
3617                                     dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
3618                         } else if (!quiet)
3619                                 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
3620                 }
3621         }
3622         /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
3623         if (!confirm_overwrite(identity_file))
3624                 exit(1);
3625
3626         /* Determine the passphrase for the private key */
3627         passphrase = private_key_passphrase();
3628         if (identity_comment) {
3629                 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
3630         } else {
3631                 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
3632                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
3633         }
3634
3635         /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
3636         if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
3637             comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
3638                 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
3639                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
3640                 freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3641                 exit(1);
3642         }
3643         freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3644         sshkey_free(private);
3645
3646         if (!quiet) {
3647                 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s\n",
3648                     identity_file);
3649         }
3650
3651         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
3652         if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, identity_file, comment)) != 0) {
3653                 fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
3654                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
3655         }
3656
3657         if (!quiet) {
3658                 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
3659                     SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
3660                 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
3661                     SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
3662                 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
3663                         fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
3664                 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s\n",
3665                     identity_file);
3666                 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
3667                 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
3668                 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
3669                 printf("%s\n", ra);
3670                 free(ra);
3671                 free(fp);
3672         }
3673
3674         if (sk_attestaion_path != NULL) {
3675                 if (attest == NULL || sshbuf_len(attest) == 0) {
3676                         fatal("Enrollment did not return attestation "
3677                             "certificate");
3678                 }
3679                 if ((r = sshbuf_write_file(sk_attestaion_path, attest)) != 0) {
3680                         fatal("Unable to write attestation certificate "
3681                             "\"%s\": %s", sk_attestaion_path, ssh_err(r));
3682                 }
3683                 if (!quiet) {
3684                         printf("Your FIDO attestation certificate has been "
3685                             "saved in %s\n", sk_attestaion_path);
3686                 }
3687         }
3688         sshbuf_free(attest);
3689         sshkey_free(public);
3690
3691         exit(0);
3692 }