2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
28 #include <sys/param.h>
29 #include <sys/disklabel32.h>
30 #include <sys/diskmbr.h>
31 #include <sys/diskslice.h>
32 #include <sys/mount.h>
36 #include <machine/ioctl_fd.h>
52 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
54 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
55 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
56 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
58 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
59 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
60 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
61 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
62 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
63 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
64 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
65 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
66 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
67 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
68 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
69 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
70 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
72 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
73 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
76 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
77 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
84 (p)[0] = (uint8_t)(x), \
85 (p)[1] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 010)
88 (p)[0] = (uint8_t)(x), \
89 (p)[1] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 010), \
90 (p)[2] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 020), \
91 (p)[3] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 030)
94 uint8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
95 uint8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
99 uint8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
100 uint8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
101 uint8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
102 uint8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
103 uint8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
104 uint8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
105 uint8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
106 uint8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
107 uint8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
108 uint8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
109 uint8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
110 uint8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
114 uint8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
115 uint8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
116 uint8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
117 uint8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
118 uint8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
119 uint8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
120 uint8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
124 uint8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
125 uint8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
126 uint8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
127 uint8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
128 uint8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
129 uint8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
133 uint8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
134 uint8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
135 uint8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
136 uint8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */
137 uint8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */
138 uint8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
139 uint8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
143 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
144 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
145 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
146 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
147 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
148 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
149 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
150 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
151 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
152 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
153 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
154 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
155 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
156 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
157 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
158 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
161 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
167 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
168 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
169 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
170 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
171 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
172 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
173 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
174 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
175 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
176 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
179 static const uint8_t bootcode[] = {
181 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
182 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
183 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
185 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
186 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
188 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
189 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
192 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
193 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
194 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
195 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
196 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
197 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
198 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
199 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
201 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
202 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
204 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
205 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
206 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
211 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
212 static void infohandler(int);
214 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
215 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
216 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
217 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
218 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
219 static void mklabel(uint8_t *, const char *);
220 static int oklabel(const char *);
221 static void setstr(uint8_t *, const char *, size_t);
224 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
226 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
227 struct sigaction si_sa;
234 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
241 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
242 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0;
243 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc;
245 struct msdos_options o = *op;
251 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
252 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
255 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
256 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
261 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
264 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
266 warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
269 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
270 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
273 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
277 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
282 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
283 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
285 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
286 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
289 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1)
291 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
292 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
295 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
297 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
299 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
301 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
305 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
306 if (o.sectors_per_track)
307 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
308 if (o.bytes_per_sector)
309 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
311 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
312 if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
313 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
314 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
315 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
316 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb);
317 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
318 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
319 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
320 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
321 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
322 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
323 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
324 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
325 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
326 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
328 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
331 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
332 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
335 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) {
336 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
337 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS);
341 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
342 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
345 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
348 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
351 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) ||
352 (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
353 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
354 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
355 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
358 if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
359 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
360 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
361 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
366 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
367 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
370 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
371 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
372 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
375 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
376 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
377 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
380 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
382 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
383 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
384 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
385 o.sectors_per_cluster);
388 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
390 if (o.reserved_sectors)
391 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
393 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
394 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
398 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
400 if (o.directory_entries)
401 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries;
402 if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
403 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
404 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
407 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
409 if (o.sectors_per_fat)
410 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
412 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
414 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
420 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
421 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
422 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) {
427 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
431 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
432 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
433 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
434 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
437 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
442 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
443 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
444 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
445 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
447 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
448 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
449 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
450 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
451 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
453 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
454 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
455 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
457 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
459 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
460 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
467 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
468 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
469 warnx("no room for info sector");
474 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
475 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
476 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
478 warnx("no room for backup sector");
482 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
483 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
486 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
487 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
492 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0);
493 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0);
494 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0);
498 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set.
499 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can
500 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment.
501 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved
502 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another
503 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will
504 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
509 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ?
510 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
511 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
512 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
516 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
517 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
518 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts,
519 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
521 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
522 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
523 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors +
524 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
525 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
527 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <=
529 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
533 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
534 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
537 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
538 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
539 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
540 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
543 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
544 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
545 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB +
546 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
547 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
548 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
550 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0)
551 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
552 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
555 /* attempt to align root directory */
556 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) %
559 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment;
562 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
563 if (o.align && alignment != 0)
564 warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
566 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
567 x = (uint64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
571 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
572 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
574 if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
575 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
579 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
581 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
582 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
585 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
586 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
587 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
588 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
590 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
592 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
593 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
594 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
595 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
598 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
599 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
603 if (o.timestamp_set) {
604 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp;
608 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
610 tm = localtime(&now);
613 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) {
617 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
618 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
619 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
620 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
621 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
622 warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
625 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
627 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
629 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
631 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
636 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
637 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
639 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
644 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
645 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
649 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
650 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
654 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
656 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
657 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
658 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
659 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
660 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
661 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
662 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
663 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
664 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
665 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
666 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
667 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
668 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
669 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
670 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
671 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
672 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
674 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
675 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
676 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
677 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
678 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
679 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
680 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
681 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
683 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
684 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
688 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
689 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
690 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
691 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
692 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
693 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
695 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
696 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
697 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
698 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
700 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
701 bs = (struct bs *)img;
702 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
703 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
704 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
705 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ",
706 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
707 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
708 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
710 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
711 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
712 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
713 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
714 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
715 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
716 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
717 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff);
718 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
719 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
720 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
721 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
722 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
723 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
724 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
725 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
726 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
727 de = (struct de *)img;
728 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
729 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
730 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
731 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
732 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
734 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
735 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
739 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
743 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
744 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
761 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted.
764 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
771 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) {
775 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
777 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
779 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
781 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
782 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
784 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
786 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
794 * Get a standard format.
797 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
802 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
804 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
807 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
812 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
815 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
818 struct disklabel32 *lp, dlp;
821 off_t ms = 0, hs = 0;
825 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
827 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
830 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
832 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == -1) {
836 err(1, "cannot get disk size");
837 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
842 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
844 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
846 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
847 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
848 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
849 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
856 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
858 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == - 1)
859 err(1, "cannot get disk information");
860 dlp.d_secsize = pi.media_blksize;
861 dlp.d_nsectors = pi.d_secpertrack;
862 dlp.d_ntracks = pi.d_nheads;
863 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
864 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
866 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
868 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
872 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
873 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
875 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
877 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
878 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
880 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
882 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
883 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
885 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
887 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
888 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
889 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
890 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
895 * Print out BPB values.
898 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
900 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
901 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
903 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
904 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
906 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
907 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
909 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
910 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
911 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
912 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
913 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
914 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
915 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
918 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
920 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
926 * Check a disk geometry value.
929 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
932 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
936 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
943 * Check a volume label.
946 oklabel(const char *src)
950 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
952 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
959 * Make a volume label.
962 mklabel(uint8_t *dest, const char *src)
966 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
967 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
968 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
973 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
976 setstr(uint8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
979 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
983 infohandler(int sig __unused)