1 /* mpn_divexact_by3c -- mpn exact division by 3.
3 Copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of the GNU MP Library.
7 The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
10 option) any later version.
12 The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
14 or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public
15 License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
18 along with the GNU MP Library. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. */
23 #if DIVEXACT_BY3_METHOD == 0
26 mpn_divexact_by3c (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr up, mp_size_t un, mp_limb_t c)
29 r = mpn_bdiv_dbm1c (rp, up, un, GMP_NUMB_MASK / 3, GMP_NUMB_MASK / 3 * c);
31 /* Possible bdiv_dbm1 return values are C * (GMP_NUMB_MASK / 3), 0 <= C < 3.
32 We want to return C. We compute the remainder mod 4 and notice that the
33 inverse of (2^(2k)-1)/3 mod 4 is 1. */
39 #if DIVEXACT_BY3_METHOD == 1
41 /* The algorithm here is basically the same as mpn_divexact_1, as described
42 in the manual. Namely at each step q = (src[i]-c)*inverse, and new c =
43 borrow(src[i]-c) + high(divisor*q). But because the divisor is just 3,
44 high(divisor*q) can be determined with two comparisons instead of a
47 The "c += ..."s add the high limb of 3*l to c. That high limb will be 0,
48 1 or 2. Doing two separate "+="s seems to give better code on gcc (as of
51 It will be noted that the new c is formed by adding three values each 0
52 or 1. But the total is only 0, 1 or 2. When the subtraction src[i]-c
53 causes a borrow, that leaves a limb value of either 0xFF...FF or
54 0xFF...FE. The multiply by MODLIMB_INVERSE_3 gives 0x55...55 or
55 0xAA...AA respectively, and in those cases high(3*q) is only 0 or 1
56 respectively, hence a total of no more than 2.
60 This implementation has each multiply on the dependent chain, due to
61 "l=s-c". See below for alternative code which avoids that. */
64 mpn_divexact_by3c (mp_ptr restrict rp, mp_srcptr restrict up, mp_size_t un, mp_limb_t c)
70 ASSERT (c == 0 || c == 1 || c == 2);
71 ASSERT (MPN_SAME_OR_SEPARATE_P (rp, up, un));
77 SUBC_LIMB (c, l, s, c);
79 q = (l * MODLIMB_INVERSE_3) & GMP_NUMB_MASK;
82 c += (q >= GMP_NUMB_CEIL_MAX_DIV3);
83 c += (q >= GMP_NUMB_CEIL_2MAX_DIV3);
87 ASSERT (c == 0 || c == 1 || c == 2);
94 #if DIVEXACT_BY3_METHOD == 2
96 /* The following alternative code re-arranges the quotient calculation from
97 (src[i]-c)*inverse to instead
99 q = src[i]*inverse - c*inverse
101 thereby allowing src[i]*inverse to be scheduled back as far as desired,
102 making full use of multiplier throughput and leaving just some carry
103 handing on the dependent chain.
105 The carry handling consists of determining the c for the next iteration.
106 This is the same as described above, namely look for any borrow from
107 src[i]-c, and at the high of 3*q.
109 high(3*q) is done with two comparisons as above (in c2 and c3). The
110 borrow from src[i]-c is incorporated into those by noting that if there's
111 a carry then then we have src[i]-c == 0xFF..FF or 0xFF..FE, in turn
112 giving q = 0x55..55 or 0xAA..AA. Adding 1 to either of those q values is
113 enough to make high(3*q) come out 1 bigger, as required.
115 l = -c*inverse is calculated at the same time as c, since for most chips
116 it can be more conveniently derived from separate c1/c2/c3 values than
117 from a combined c equal to 0, 1 or 2.
119 The net effect is that with good pipelining this loop should be able to
120 run at perhaps 4 cycles/limb, depending on available execute resources
125 This code is not used by default, since we really can't rely on the
126 compiler generating a good software pipeline, nor on such an approach
127 even being worthwhile on all CPUs.
129 Itanium is one chip where this algorithm helps though, see
130 mpn/ia64/diveby3.asm. */
133 mpn_divexact_by3c (mp_ptr restrict rp, mp_srcptr restrict up, mp_size_t un, mp_limb_t cy)
135 mp_limb_t s, sm, cl, q, qx, c2, c3;
139 ASSERT (cy == 0 || cy == 1 || cy == 2);
140 ASSERT (MPN_SAME_OR_SEPARATE_P (rp, up, un));
142 cl = cy == 0 ? 0 : cy == 1 ? -MODLIMB_INVERSE_3 : -2*MODLIMB_INVERSE_3;
144 for (i = 0; i < un; i++)
147 sm = (s * MODLIMB_INVERSE_3) & GMP_NUMB_MASK;
149 q = (cl + sm) & GMP_NUMB_MASK;
153 c2 = qx >= GMP_NUMB_CEIL_MAX_DIV3;
154 c3 = qx >= GMP_NUMB_CEIL_2MAX_DIV3 ;
157 cl = (-c2 & -MODLIMB_INVERSE_3) + (-c3 & -MODLIMB_INVERSE_3);