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28 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
29 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
36 .Nd layout of filesystems
38 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
39 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
41 root directory of the filesystem
43 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
45 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
47 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
49 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
52 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
53 at boot time) and loadable kernel modules;
58 block and character device files
60 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
62 file descriptor files;
67 system configuration files and scripts
69 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
71 bluetooth configuration files
73 default system configuration files;
80 .\"Firmware image files;
84 local timezone information;
88 Sendmail control files
90 mtree configuration files;
94 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
97 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
102 ppp configuration files;
106 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
110 OpenSSH configuration files;
114 OpenSSL configuration files
116 Files relevant to system upgrades
118 uucp configuration files;
123 HOME directories of non-root users
125 empty directory commonly used by
126 system administrators as a temporary mount point
128 pseudo file system directory (on
137 root's HOME directory
139 system programs and administration utilities
140 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
142 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
145 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
147 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
149 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
151 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
156 collection (optional).
158 useful and semi-frivolous programs
160 standard C include files
162 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
164 C include files for Internet service protocols
168 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
170 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
172 The SCSI device on top of CAM
176 C include files for programming various
180 Include Files for various emulation layers
183 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
190 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
196 C include files for libmilter,
197 the sendmail mail filter API
199 C include files for libprop
201 machine-specific C include files
205 misc network C include files
211 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
215 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
219 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
221 kernel key-management service
229 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
231 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
233 Packet Capture (libpcap) headers;
239 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
241 get a line from a user, with editing;
245 remote procedure calls;
249 definition of RPC service structures; see
255 system C include files (kernel data structures)
257 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
259 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
279 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
281 a.out archive libraries
283 shared libraries for compatibility
285 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
287 a.out backward compatibility libraries
290 OpenSSL dynamic engines
294 misc. utility data files
296 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
298 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils221/" -compact
301 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
310 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
318 utilities and filters for LP print system;
328 restricted shell for sendmail;
338 local executables, libraries, etc.
339 Also used as the default destination for the
345 the general layout sketched out by
356 .Pa local/share/ Ns Pc ,
359 .Pa share/doc/<port>/ Ns Pc ,
365 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
369 default destination directory for the
374 the general layout sketched out by
381 directory (directly under
386 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
394 collection (optional).
396 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
398 architecture-independent files
400 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
402 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
410 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
412 words from Webster's 2nd International
422 miscellaneous documentation
424 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa legal/" -compact
426 License files for vendor supplied firmware
430 various examples for users and programmers
432 ASCII text files used by various games
434 device description file for device name
436 internationalization databases; see
439 GNU Info hypertext system
441 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
449 macros for use with the me macro package;
453 misc system-wide ASCII text files
455 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
457 terminal characteristics database;
467 national language support files;
472 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
478 sendmail configuration files;
482 example . (dot) files for new accounts
487 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
495 console keyboard maps;
505 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
514 text processing macros;
520 localization support and utilities for
523 timezone configuration information;
530 third-party, and/or local source files
532 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa nrelease/" -compact
534 source code for files in
537 source code for contributed software
539 source code for contributed cryptography software
541 source code for files in
544 source code for files in
547 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
549 source code for files in
552 source code for files in
555 source code for files in
558 files required to produce a
562 source code for files in
565 build directory for files in
573 tools used for maintenance and testing of
576 source code for files in
579 source code for files in
584 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
586 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
588 system accounting files
590 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
592 execution accounting file;
598 timed command scheduling files;
602 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
604 directory containing job files
606 directory containing output spool files
612 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
621 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
629 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
631 empty directory used by
633 for privilege separation
635 misc. game status and score files
637 per PFS (pseudo file system) snapshots directory for
641 misc. system log files
643 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
653 system messages database;
657 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
662 filesystem quota information files
664 system information files describing various info about
665 system since it was booted
667 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
671 group for command connection sockets; see
674 database of current users;
687 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
689 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
691 undelivered submission mail queue;
695 undelivered mail queue;
701 the anonymous ftp root directory
703 undelivered mail queue;
707 line printer spooling directories
713 public uucp temporary directory
717 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
719 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
721 the directory where recovery files are stored
729 This manual page documents the default
731 filesystem layout, but
732 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
733 administrator's discretion.
734 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
749 manual page appeared in