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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.23 2008/02/03 18:02:42 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd layout of filesystems
43 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
44 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
46 root directory of the filesystem
48 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
50 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
52 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
54 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
58 block and character device files
60 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa MAKEDEV" -compact
62 script for creating device files;
66 file descriptor files;
71 system configuration files and scripts
73 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
75 bluetooth configuration files
77 default system configuration files;
88 isdn4bsd configuration files;
92 local timezone information;
96 Sendmail control files
98 mtree configuration files;
102 named configuration files;
106 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
109 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
114 ppp configuration files;
118 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
122 OpenSSH configuration files;
126 OpenSSL configuration files
128 Files relevant to system upgrades
130 uucp configuration files;
135 HOME directories of non-root users
137 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
140 empty directory commonly used by
141 system administrators as a temporary mount point
143 loadable kernel modules;
152 root's HOME directory
154 system programs and administration utilities
155 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
157 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
160 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
162 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
164 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
166 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
168 useful and semi-frivolous programs
170 standard C include files
172 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
174 C include files for Internet service protocols
178 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
180 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
182 The SCSI device on top of CAM
186 C include files for programming various
190 Include Files for various emulation layers
193 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
199 ISC utility library libisc include files
202 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
208 C include files for libmilter,
209 the sendmail mail filter API
211 machine-specific C include files
215 misc network C include files
223 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
227 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
231 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
233 kernel key-management service
243 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
245 Objective C include files
247 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
251 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
253 get a line from a user, with editing;
257 remote procedure calls;
261 definition of RPC service structures; see
267 system C include files (kernel data structures)
269 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
271 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
291 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
293 a.out archive libraries
295 shared libraries for compatibility
297 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
299 a.out backward compatibility libraries
304 misc. utility data files
306 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
308 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
312 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
318 various prebuilt lint libraries;
322 Character set conversion tables
324 holds the download firmware images
328 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
330 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils217/" -compact
333 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
341 utilities and filters for LP print system;
351 restricted shell for sendmail;
361 local executables, libraries, etc.
364 the general layout sketched out by
368 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under
373 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
379 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
383 default destination directory for the
388 the general layout sketched out by
392 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under
397 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
405 collection (optional).
407 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
409 architecture-independent files
411 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
413 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
421 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
423 words from Webster's 2nd International
433 various examples for users and programmers
435 ASCII text files used by various games
437 device description file for device name
439 internationalization databases; see
442 GNU Info hypertext system
446 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
454 macros for use with the me macro package;
458 misc system-wide ASCII text files
460 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
462 terminal characteristics database;
472 national language support files;
477 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
483 sendmail configuration files;
487 example . (dot) files for new accounts
492 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
500 console keyboard maps;
510 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
515 text processing macros;
521 localization support and utilities for
524 timezone configuration information;
531 third-party, and/or local source files
533 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
535 source code for files in
538 source code for contributed software
540 source code for contributed cryptography software
542 source code for files in
545 source code for files in
548 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
550 source code for files in
553 source code for kerberos version 5
555 source code for files in
558 source code for files in
561 files required to produce a
565 source code for files in
568 build directory for files in
576 tools used for maintenance and testing of
579 source code for files in
582 source code for files in
587 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
589 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
591 system accounting files
593 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
595 execution accounting file;
601 timed command scheduling files;
605 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
607 directory containing job files
609 directory containing output spool files
615 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
624 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
632 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
634 empty directory used by
636 for privilege separation
638 misc. game status and score files
640 kerberos server databases; see
643 misc. system log files
645 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
655 system messages database;
659 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
664 filesystem quota information files
666 system information files describing various info about
667 system since it was booted
669 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
673 group for command connection sockets; see
676 database of current users;
689 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
691 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
693 undelivered submission mail queue;
697 undelivered mail queue;
703 the anonymous ftp root directory
705 undelivered mail queue;
709 line printer spooling directories
715 public uucp temporary directory
719 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
721 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
723 the directory where recovery files are stored
731 This manual page documents the default
733 filesystem layout, but
734 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
735 administrator's discretion.
736 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
751 manual page appeared in