| 1 | # <pre> |
| 2 | # @(#)europe 8.21 |
| 3 | # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of |
| 4 | # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. |
| 5 | |
| 6 | # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, |
| 7 | # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to |
| 8 | # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). |
| 9 | |
| 10 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 11 | # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is |
| 12 | # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), |
| 13 | # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). |
| 14 | # |
| 15 | # Gwillim Law writes that a good source |
| 16 | # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport |
| 17 | # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), |
| 18 | # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries |
| 19 | # of the IATA's data after 1990. |
| 20 | # |
| 21 | # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for |
| 22 | # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. |
| 23 | # |
| 24 | # Other sources occasionally used include: |
| 25 | # |
| 26 | # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, |
| 27 | # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), |
| 28 | # which I found in the UCLA library. |
| 29 | # |
| 30 | # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> |
| 31 | # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition |
| 32 | # </a> (1914-03) |
| 33 | # |
| 34 | # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), |
| 35 | # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> |
| 36 | # History of Summer Time |
| 37 | # </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) |
| 38 | |
| 39 | # |
| 40 | # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; |
| 41 | # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. |
| 42 | # Corrections are welcome! |
| 43 | # std dst 2dst |
| 44 | # LMT Local Mean Time |
| 45 | # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic |
| 46 | # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* |
| 47 | # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* |
| 48 | # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer |
| 49 | # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer |
| 50 | # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe |
| 51 | # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* |
| 52 | # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* |
| 53 | # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe |
| 54 | # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* |
| 55 | # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe |
| 56 | # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow |
| 57 | # |
| 58 | # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, |
| 59 | # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
| 60 | |
| 61 | # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), |
| 62 | # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, |
| 63 | # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. |
| 64 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. |
| 65 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. |
| 66 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. |
| 67 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for |
| 68 | # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% |
| 69 | # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous |
| 70 | # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. |
| 71 | # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) |
| 72 | # ... |
| 73 | # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. |
| 74 | # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. |
| 75 | # ... |
| 76 | # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. |
| 77 | # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact |
| 78 | # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the |
| 79 | # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed |
| 80 | # in the Directive. |
| 81 | |
| 82 | |
| 83 | ############################################################################### |
| 84 | |
| 85 | # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) |
| 86 | |
| 87 | # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): |
| 88 | # |
| 89 | # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about |
| 90 | # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo |
| 91 | # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph |
| 92 | # of the text said: |
| 93 | # |
| 94 | # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands |
| 95 | # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude |
| 96 | # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed |
| 97 | # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They |
| 98 | # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, |
| 99 | # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking |
| 100 | # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' |
| 101 | # |
| 102 | # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's |
| 103 | # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should |
| 104 | # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. |
| 105 | # |
| 106 | # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] |
| 107 | |
| 108 | # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): |
| 109 | # |
| 110 | # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. |
| 111 | # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, |
| 112 | # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. |
| 113 | # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) |
| 114 | # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). |
| 115 | # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway |
| 116 | # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most |
| 117 | # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the |
| 118 | # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be |
| 119 | # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. |
| 120 | # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, |
| 121 | # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many |
| 122 | # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public |
| 123 | # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock |
| 124 | # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, |
| 125 | # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal |
| 126 | # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading |
| 127 | # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. |
| 128 | # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition |
| 129 | # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. |
| 130 | # |
| 131 | # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single |
| 132 | # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much |
| 133 | # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. |
| 134 | |
| 135 | # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): |
| 136 | # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), |
| 137 | # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| 138 | # who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) |
| 139 | # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, |
| 140 | # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. |
| 141 | # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, |
| 142 | # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. |
| 143 | # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and |
| 144 | # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. |
| 145 | # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). |
| 146 | # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in |
| 147 | # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular |
| 148 | # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, |
| 149 | # designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial, |
| 150 | # which is permanently set to Summer Time. |
| 151 | |
| 152 | # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): |
| 153 | # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of |
| 154 | # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country |
| 155 | # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which |
| 156 | # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the |
| 157 | # foundations of civilization throughout the world. |
| 158 | # -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> |
| 159 | # "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly |
| 160 | # </a> |
| 161 | |
| 162 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): |
| 163 | # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' |
| 164 | # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this |
| 165 | # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the |
| 166 | # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. |
| 167 | |
| 168 | # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): |
| 169 | # |
| 170 | # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's |
| 171 | # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. |
| 172 | |
| 173 | # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) |
| 174 | # From: Jonathan Leffler |
| 175 | # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. |
| 176 | # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in |
| 177 | # politics making a fortune, not computing. |
| 178 | |
| 179 | # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): |
| 180 | # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the |
| 181 | # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published |
| 182 | # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and |
| 183 | # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." |
| 184 | |
| 185 | # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): |
| 186 | # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the |
| 187 | # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) |
| 188 | # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). |
| 189 | |
| 190 | # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): |
| 191 | # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir |
| 192 | # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any |
| 193 | # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't |
| 194 | # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British |
| 195 | # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. |
| 196 | # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png |
| 197 | # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png |
| 198 | |
| 199 | # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): |
| 200 | # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time |
| 201 | # which is to be introduced in May.... |
| 202 | # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" |
| 203 | # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. |
| 204 | |
| 205 | # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): |
| 206 | # Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common |
| 207 | # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, |
| 208 | # so we use `BDST'. |
| 209 | |
| 210 | # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length |
| 211 | # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. |
| 212 | # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating |
| 213 | # and extending this list, which can be found in |
| 214 | # <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> |
| 215 | # History of legal time in Britain |
| 216 | # </a> |
| 217 | |
| 218 | # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): |
| 219 | # |
| 220 | # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; |
| 221 | # see Lord Tanlaw's speech |
| 222 | # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> |
| 223 | # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) |
| 224 | # </a>. |
| 225 | |
| 226 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 227 | # |
| 228 | # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. |
| 229 | # |
| 230 | # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger |
| 231 | # are incorrect: |
| 232 | # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until |
| 233 | # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. |
| 234 | # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. |
| 235 | # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. |
| 236 | # It actually just had one transition. |
| 237 | # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. |
| 238 | # Actually, it conformed to Britain. |
| 239 | # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. |
| 240 | # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. |
| 241 | # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). |
| 242 | # |
| 243 | # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: |
| 244 | # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT |
| 245 | # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to |
| 246 | # conform with Great Britain. |
| 247 | # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. |
| 248 | # |
| 249 | # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; |
| 250 | # we'll ignore it for now. |
| 251 | # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. |
| 252 | # |
| 253 | # |
| 254 | # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than |
| 255 | # Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 256 | # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory |
| 257 | # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was |
| 258 | # to London. For example: |
| 259 | # |
| 260 | # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." |
| 261 | # -- James Joyce, Ulysses |
| 262 | |
| 263 | # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): |
| 264 | # Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include |
| 265 | # various relating to legal time, for example: |
| 266 | # |
| 267 | # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html |
| 268 | # |
| 269 | # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html |
| 270 | # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html |
| 271 | # |
| 272 | # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html |
| 273 | # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html |
| 274 | # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html |
| 275 | # |
| 276 | # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html |
| 277 | # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html |
| 278 | # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html |
| 279 | # |
| 280 | # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is |
| 281 | # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] |
| 282 | # |
| 283 | # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these |
| 284 | # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover |
| 285 | # the laws applicable in Ireland.) |
| 286 | # |
| 287 | # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined |
| 288 | # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it |
| 289 | # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time |
| 290 | # being GMT+1.) |
| 291 | |
| 292 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): |
| 293 | # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) |
| 294 | # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time |
| 295 | # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. |
| 296 | # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that |
| 297 | # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) |
| 298 | # and Frethun run in CT. |
| 299 | # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, |
| 300 | # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, |
| 301 | # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. |
| 302 | # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, |
| 303 | # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. |
| 304 | # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. |
| 305 | |
| 306 | # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): |
| 307 | # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, |
| 308 | # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. |
| 309 | # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate |
| 310 | # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of |
| 311 | # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is |
| 312 | # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". |
| 313 | |
| 314 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 315 | # Summer Time Act, 1916 |
| 316 | Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 317 | Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 318 | # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 |
| 319 | Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 320 | Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 321 | # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 |
| 322 | Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 323 | Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 324 | # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 |
| 325 | Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 326 | Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 327 | # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 |
| 328 | Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 329 | # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 |
| 330 | Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 331 | # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 |
| 332 | Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 333 | Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 334 | # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 |
| 335 | Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 336 | Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 337 | # The Summer Time Act, 1922 |
| 338 | Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 339 | Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 340 | Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 341 | Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 342 | # The Summer Time Act, 1925 |
| 343 | Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 344 | Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 345 | Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 346 | Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 347 | Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 348 | Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 349 | Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 350 | Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 351 | Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 352 | Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 353 | Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 354 | # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 |
| 355 | Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 356 | # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 |
| 357 | Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 358 | # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 |
| 359 | Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
| 360 | Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST |
| 361 | # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 |
| 362 | Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
| 363 | # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 |
| 364 | Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST |
| 365 | # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 |
| 366 | Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
| 367 | Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST |
| 368 | # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 |
| 369 | Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 370 | Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 371 | # The Summer Time Act, 1947 |
| 372 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 373 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
| 374 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST |
| 375 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 376 | # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) |
| 377 | Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 378 | Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 379 | # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) |
| 380 | Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 381 | Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 382 | # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) |
| 383 | # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) |
| 384 | # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) |
| 385 | Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 386 | Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 387 | # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 |
| 388 | Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 389 | Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 390 | Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 391 | Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 392 | Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 393 | Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 394 | Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 395 | # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) |
| 396 | # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) |
| 397 | # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) |
| 398 | Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 399 | Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 400 | # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) |
| 401 | # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) |
| 402 | # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) |
| 403 | Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 404 | # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) |
| 405 | Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 406 | # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 |
| 407 | # (no summer time) |
| 408 | # The Summer Time Act, 1972 |
| 409 | Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 410 | Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 411 | # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) |
| 412 | # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) |
| 413 | # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) |
| 414 | # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) |
| 415 | Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST |
| 416 | Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT |
| 417 | # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) |
| 418 | # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) |
| 419 | # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) |
| 420 | Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT |
| 421 | # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) |
| 422 | # See EU for rules starting in 1996. |
| 423 | |
| 424 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 425 | Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s |
| 426 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 |
| 427 | 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u |
| 428 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 |
| 429 | 0:00 EU GMT/BST |
| 430 | Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey |
| 431 | Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey |
| 432 | Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man |
| 433 | Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 |
| 434 | -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 |
| 435 | -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s |
| 436 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence |
| 437 | 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 |
| 438 | 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 |
| 439 | 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 |
| 440 | 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 |
| 441 | 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 |
| 442 | 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 |
| 443 | 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u |
| 444 | 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 |
| 445 | 0:00 EU GMT/IST |
| 446 | |
| 447 | ############################################################################### |
| 448 | |
| 449 | # Europe |
| 450 | |
| 451 | # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, |
| 452 | # Common Market, etc. |
| 453 | |
| 454 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 455 | Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S |
| 456 | Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
| 457 | Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - |
| 458 | Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
| 459 | Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S |
| 460 | Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
| 461 | # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: |
| 462 | # <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html"> |
| 463 | # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council |
| 464 | # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. |
| 465 | # </a> |
| 466 | |
| 467 | # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. |
| 468 | Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 469 | Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 470 | Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - |
| 471 | Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 472 | Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 473 | Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 474 | |
| 475 | # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. |
| 476 | # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. |
| 477 | Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S |
| 478 | Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
| 479 | Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 480 | Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - |
| 481 | Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 482 | Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - |
| 483 | Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 484 | Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - |
| 485 | Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 486 | # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 487 | Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - |
| 488 | # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): |
| 489 | # |
| 490 | # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s |
| 491 | # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was |
| 492 | # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the |
| 493 | # tz database itself, as seen below: |
| 494 | # |
| 495 | # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 |
| 496 | # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
| 497 | # |
| 498 | # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 |
| 499 | # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
| 500 | # |
| 501 | # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 |
| 502 | # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s |
| 503 | # |
| 504 | # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - |
| 505 | # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
| 506 | # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
| 507 | # |
| 508 | # The rule line to be changed is: |
| 509 | # |
| 510 | # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - |
| 511 | # |
| 512 | # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on |
| 513 | # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no |
| 514 | # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items |
| 515 | # affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms |
| 516 | # CET and MET: |
| 517 | # |
| 518 | # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT |
| 519 | # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT |
| 520 | # |
| 521 | # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: |
| 522 | # |
| 523 | # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
| 524 | # |
| 525 | # A small step for mankind though 8-) |
| 526 | Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
| 527 | Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 528 | Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
| 529 | Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - |
| 530 | Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
| 531 | Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 532 | Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
| 533 | |
| 534 | # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. |
| 535 | Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 536 | Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 537 | Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 538 | Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 539 | Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S |
| 540 | Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 541 | |
| 542 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 543 | Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time |
| 544 | Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time |
| 545 | Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time |
| 546 | Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST |
| 547 | Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST |
| 548 | Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S |
| 549 | Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - |
| 550 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 551 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer |
| 552 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 553 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 554 | # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): |
| 555 | Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 556 | Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 557 | # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in |
| 558 | # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): |
| 559 | Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
| 560 | Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 561 | # |
| 562 | Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S |
| 563 | Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - |
| 564 | Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 565 | Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
| 566 | Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
| 567 | |
| 568 | # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. |
| 569 | |
| 570 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 571 | Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT |
| 572 | Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT |
| 573 | Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT |
| 574 | Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 575 | |
| 576 | # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST |
| 577 | # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. |
| 578 | |
| 579 | # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): |
| 580 | # The official German names ... are |
| 581 | # |
| 582 | # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 |
| 583 | # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 |
| 584 | # |
| 585 | # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), |
| 586 | # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... |
| 587 | # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution |
| 588 | # |
| 589 | # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) |
| 590 | # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" |
| 591 | # Postfach 3345 |
| 592 | # D-38023 Braunschweig |
| 593 | # phone: +49 531 592-0 |
| 594 | # |
| 595 | # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB |
| 596 | # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the |
| 597 | # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as |
| 598 | # |
| 599 | # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 |
| 600 | # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 |
| 601 | |
| 602 | |
| 603 | # Albania |
| 604 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 605 | Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S |
| 606 | Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - |
| 607 | Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S |
| 608 | Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - |
| 609 | Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S |
| 610 | Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
| 611 | Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 612 | Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
| 613 | Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S |
| 614 | Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
| 615 | Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S |
| 616 | Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
| 617 | Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S |
| 618 | Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 619 | Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S |
| 620 | Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
| 621 | Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S |
| 622 | Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - |
| 623 | Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S |
| 624 | Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - |
| 625 | Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S |
| 626 | Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
| 627 | Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S |
| 628 | Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 629 | Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 630 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 631 | Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 |
| 632 | 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 |
| 633 | 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul |
| 634 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 635 | |
| 636 | # Andorra |
| 637 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 638 | Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 |
| 639 | 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 |
| 640 | 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 |
| 641 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 642 | |
| 643 | # Austria |
| 644 | |
| 645 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and |
| 646 | # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and |
| 647 | # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" |
| 648 | # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition |
| 649 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, |
| 650 | # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. |
| 651 | |
| 652 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 653 | Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 654 | Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - |
| 655 | Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 656 | Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 657 | Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 658 | Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 659 | Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S |
| 660 | Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
| 661 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 662 | Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr |
| 663 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 |
| 664 | 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s |
| 665 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s |
| 666 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s |
| 667 | 1:00 - CET 1946 |
| 668 | 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 |
| 669 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 670 | |
| 671 | # Belarus |
| 672 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 673 | Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 |
| 674 | 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time |
| 675 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 676 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 |
| 677 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 |
| 678 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
| 679 | 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 680 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
| 681 | 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s |
| 682 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s |
| 683 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT |
| 684 | |
| 685 | # Belgium |
| 686 | # |
| 687 | # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): |
| 688 | # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: |
| 689 | # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, |
| 690 | # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 |
| 691 | # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), |
| 692 | # pp 8-9. |
| 693 | # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: |
| 694 | # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. |
| 695 | # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. |
| 696 | # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. |
| 697 | # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. |
| 698 | # |
| 699 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 700 | Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 701 | Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 702 | Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 703 | Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 704 | Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - |
| 705 | Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 706 | Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - |
| 707 | Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 708 | Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 709 | Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 710 | Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 711 | Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 712 | # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd |
| 713 | # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), |
| 714 | # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 |
| 715 | # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. |
| 716 | Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 717 | Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 718 | Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 719 | Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - |
| 720 | Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 721 | Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 722 | Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 723 | Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 724 | Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 725 | Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 726 | Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 727 | Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 728 | Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 729 | Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 730 | Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 731 | Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - |
| 732 | Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 733 | Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - |
| 734 | Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 735 | Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
| 736 | Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 737 | Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - |
| 738 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 739 | Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 |
| 740 | 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT |
| 741 | 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 |
| 742 | 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 |
| 743 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u |
| 744 | 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s |
| 745 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 |
| 746 | 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 |
| 747 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 748 | |
| 749 | # Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 750 | # see Serbia |
| 751 | |
| 752 | # Bulgaria |
| 753 | # |
| 754 | # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
| 755 | # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: |
| 756 | # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... |
| 757 | # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October |
| 758 | # |
| 759 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 760 | Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S |
| 761 | Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
| 762 | Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S |
| 763 | Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - |
| 764 | Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - |
| 765 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 766 | Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 |
| 767 | 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? |
| 768 | 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 |
| 769 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
| 770 | 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 |
| 771 | 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 |
| 772 | 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 |
| 773 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 |
| 774 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
| 775 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 776 | |
| 777 | # Croatia |
| 778 | # see Serbia |
| 779 | |
| 780 | # Cyprus |
| 781 | # Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. |
| 782 | |
| 783 | # Czech Republic |
| 784 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 785 | Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 786 | Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - |
| 787 | Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 788 | Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 789 | Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 790 | Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 791 | Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 792 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 793 | Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 |
| 794 | 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time |
| 795 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s |
| 796 | 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 |
| 797 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 798 | |
| 799 | # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland |
| 800 | |
| 801 | # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): |
| 802 | # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law |
| 803 | # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... |
| 804 | # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL |
| 805 | # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. |
| 806 | # |
| 807 | # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: |
| 808 | # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL |
| 809 | # |
| 810 | # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes |
| 811 | # in subsequenet decrees with the law |
| 812 | # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL |
| 813 | # |
| 814 | # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have |
| 815 | # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST |
| 816 | # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to |
| 817 | # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from |
| 818 | # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know |
| 819 | # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only |
| 820 | # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: |
| 821 | # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning |
| 822 | # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which |
| 823 | # was suspended on that night): |
| 824 | # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL |
| 825 | |
| 826 | # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): |
| 827 | # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between |
| 828 | # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. |
| 829 | |
| 830 | # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): |
| 831 | # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not |
| 832 | # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. |
| 833 | |
| 834 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 835 | Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 836 | Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - |
| 837 | Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S |
| 838 | Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 839 | Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - |
| 840 | Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 841 | Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - |
| 842 | Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 843 | Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - |
| 844 | Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 845 | Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - |
| 846 | # |
| 847 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 848 | Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 |
| 849 | 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT |
| 850 | 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
| 851 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
| 852 | 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 |
| 853 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 854 | Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn |
| 855 | 0:00 - WET 1981 |
| 856 | 0:00 EU WE%sT |
| 857 | # |
| 858 | # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): |
| 859 | # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in |
| 860 | # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. |
| 861 | # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. |
| 862 | # |
| 863 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 864 | # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, |
| 865 | # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU |
| 866 | # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab |
| 867 | # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU |
| 868 | # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. |
| 869 | |
| 870 | # From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing |
| 871 | # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), |
| 872 | # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: |
| 873 | # |
| 874 | # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC |
| 875 | # is according to the following time line: |
| 876 | # |
| 877 | # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 |
| 878 | # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 |
| 879 | # Scoresbysund UTC-1 |
| 880 | # Danmarkshavn UTC |
| 881 | # |
| 882 | # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be |
| 883 | # introduced. |
| 884 | |
| 885 | # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): |
| 886 | # |
| 887 | # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at |
| 888 | # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have |
| 889 | # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have |
| 890 | # info from earlier correspondence.] |
| 891 | # |
| 892 | # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule |
| 893 | # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight |
| 894 | # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... |
| 895 | # |
| 896 | # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund |
| 897 | # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. |
| 898 | # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the |
| 899 | # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th |
| 900 | # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in |
| 901 | # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the |
| 902 | # DPC research station at Zackenberg. |
| 903 | # |
| 904 | # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use |
| 905 | # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). |
| 906 | # |
| 907 | # The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it |
| 908 | # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time |
| 909 | # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. |
| 910 | # |
| 911 | # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and |
| 912 | # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators |
| 913 | # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of |
| 914 | # this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be |
| 915 | # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. |
| 916 | |
| 917 | # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): |
| 918 | # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place |
| 919 | # there at 2:00 AM. |
| 920 | |
| 921 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 922 | # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; |
| 923 | # the 1995 map as like Godthab. |
| 924 | # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. |
| 925 | # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, |
| 926 | # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. |
| 927 | # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. |
| 928 | # |
| 929 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 930 | Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| 931 | Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S |
| 932 | Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D |
| 933 | Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S |
| 934 | Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D |
| 935 | Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
| 936 | # |
| 937 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 938 | Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 |
| 939 | -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
| 940 | -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 |
| 941 | 0:00 - GMT |
| 942 | Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit |
| 943 | -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
| 944 | -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 |
| 945 | -1:00 EU EG%sT |
| 946 | Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk |
| 947 | -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
| 948 | -3:00 EU WG%sT |
| 949 | Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base |
| 950 | -4:00 Thule A%sT |
| 951 | |
| 952 | # Estonia |
| 953 | # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): |
| 954 | # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards |
| 955 | # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, |
| 956 | # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... |
| 957 | # |
| 958 | # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): |
| 959 | # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, |
| 960 | # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] |
| 961 | # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different |
| 962 | # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules |
| 963 | # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... |
| 964 | # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on |
| 965 | # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to |
| 966 | # summer time next spring.'' |
| 967 | |
| 968 | # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: |
| 969 | # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> |
| 970 | # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law |
| 971 | # </a> |
| 972 | # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between |
| 973 | # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). |
| 974 | # |
| 975 | # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation |
| 976 | # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" |
| 977 | # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). |
| 978 | |
| 979 | # From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) |
| 980 | # via Steffen Thorsen: |
| 981 | # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, |
| 982 | # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... |
| 983 | # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European |
| 984 | # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory |
| 985 | # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do |
| 986 | # after that. |
| 987 | |
| 988 | # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): |
| 989 | # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation |
| 990 | # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all |
| 991 | # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. |
| 992 | |
| 993 | # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): |
| 994 | # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. |
| 995 | # Now we are using again EU rules. |
| 996 | # |
| 997 | # From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): |
| 998 | # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. |
| 999 | |
| 1000 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1001 | Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 |
| 1002 | 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time |
| 1003 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul |
| 1004 | 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May |
| 1005 | 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 |
| 1006 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 |
| 1007 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 |
| 1008 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s |
| 1009 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s |
| 1010 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 |
| 1011 | 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 |
| 1012 | 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 |
| 1013 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1014 | |
| 1015 | # Finland |
| 1016 | # |
| 1017 | # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): |
| 1018 | # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, |
| 1019 | # and it's supposed to change at 4am... |
| 1020 | # |
| 1021 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 1022 | # Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time |
| 1023 | # since 1981. Go with Strang instead. |
| 1024 | # |
| 1025 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1026 | Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1027 | Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
| 1028 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1029 | Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 |
| 1030 | 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time |
| 1031 | 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 |
| 1032 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1033 | |
| 1034 | # Aaland Is |
| 1035 | Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn |
| 1036 | |
| 1037 | |
| 1038 | # France |
| 1039 | |
| 1040 | # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): |
| 1041 | # |
| 1042 | # Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions |
| 1043 | # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 |
| 1044 | # |
| 1045 | # Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, |
| 1046 | # Paris, 1991 |
| 1047 | # |
| 1048 | # Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, |
| 1049 | # Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 |
| 1050 | |
| 1051 | |
| 1052 | # |
| 1053 | # Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. |
| 1054 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1055 | Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1056 | Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1057 | Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1058 | Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1059 | Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1060 | Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1061 | Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - |
| 1062 | Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1063 | Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - |
| 1064 | Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1065 | # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st |
| 1066 | # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions |
| 1067 | # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1068 | Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1069 | Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1070 | Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1071 | Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1072 | Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1073 | Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1074 | Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1075 | Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1076 | Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1077 | Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1078 | Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1079 | Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1080 | Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1081 | Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1082 | Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1083 | Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1084 | Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1085 | Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1086 | Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - |
| 1087 | Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S |
| 1088 | # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger |
| 1089 | # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. |
| 1090 | # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, |
| 1091 | # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La |
| 1092 | # Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, |
| 1093 | # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, |
| 1094 | # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, |
| 1095 | # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). |
| 1096 | Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer |
| 1097 | # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, |
| 1098 | # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), |
| 1099 | # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes |
| 1100 | # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. |
| 1101 | Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1102 | Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M |
| 1103 | Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1104 | Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M |
| 1105 | Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1106 | Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M |
| 1107 | Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S |
| 1108 | Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M |
| 1109 | Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - |
| 1110 | # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; |
| 1111 | # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. |
| 1112 | Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S |
| 1113 | Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - |
| 1114 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, |
| 1115 | # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. |
| 1116 | # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based |
| 1117 | # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. |
| 1118 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1119 | Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 |
| 1120 | 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT |
| 1121 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. |
| 1122 | 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 |
| 1123 | # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; |
| 1124 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1125 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 |
| 1126 | 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
| 1127 | 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 |
| 1128 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1129 | |
| 1130 | # Germany |
| 1131 | |
| 1132 | # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): |
| 1133 | # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische |
| 1134 | # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. |
| 1135 | # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] |
| 1136 | |
| 1137 | # From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): |
| 1138 | # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by |
| 1139 | # <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> |
| 1140 | # General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. |
| 1141 | |
| 1142 | # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): |
| 1143 | # <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> |
| 1144 | # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf |
| 1145 | # </a> |
| 1146 | # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. |
| 1147 | # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so |
| 1148 | # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. |
| 1149 | |
| 1150 | |
| 1151 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1152 | Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1153 | Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - |
| 1154 | Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1155 | # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition |
| 1156 | # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1157 | # Go with the PTB. |
| 1158 | Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S |
| 1159 | Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M |
| 1160 | Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1161 | Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1162 | Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1163 | |
| 1164 | Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer |
| 1165 | Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1166 | Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - |
| 1167 | |
| 1168 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1169 | Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr |
| 1170 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 |
| 1171 | 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 |
| 1172 | 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 |
| 1173 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1174 | |
| 1175 | # Georgia |
| 1176 | # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. |
| 1177 | # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) |
| 1178 | # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. |
| 1179 | |
| 1180 | # Gibraltar |
| 1181 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1182 | Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s |
| 1183 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 |
| 1184 | 1:00 - CET 1982 |
| 1185 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1186 | |
| 1187 | # Greece |
| 1188 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1189 | # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1190 | Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1191 | Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - |
| 1192 | # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1193 | Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1194 | # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1195 | Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - |
| 1196 | Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1197 | Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - |
| 1198 | # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1199 | Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1200 | Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - |
| 1201 | Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1202 | Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - |
| 1203 | Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1204 | Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - |
| 1205 | Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1206 | Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - |
| 1207 | Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - |
| 1208 | Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S |
| 1209 | Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - |
| 1210 | Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1211 | Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
| 1212 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1213 | Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 |
| 1214 | 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT |
| 1215 | 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 |
| 1216 | 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 |
| 1217 | 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 |
| 1218 | # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; |
| 1219 | # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. |
| 1220 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1221 | |
| 1222 | # Hungary |
| 1223 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1224 | Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1225 | Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - |
| 1226 | Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1227 | Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - |
| 1228 | Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1229 | Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - |
| 1230 | Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1231 | Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - |
| 1232 | Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1233 | Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1234 | Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1235 | Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1236 | Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - |
| 1237 | Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1238 | Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
| 1239 | Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1240 | Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 1241 | Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S |
| 1242 | Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - |
| 1243 | Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S |
| 1244 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1245 | Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct |
| 1246 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 |
| 1247 | 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 |
| 1248 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
| 1249 | 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s |
| 1250 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1251 | |
| 1252 | # Iceland |
| 1253 | # |
| 1254 | # From Adam David (1993-11-06): |
| 1255 | # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. |
| 1256 | # |
| 1257 | # (1993-12-05): |
| 1258 | # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of |
| 1259 | # Iceland Almanak. |
| 1260 | # |
| 1261 | # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour |
| 1262 | # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts |
| 1263 | # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which |
| 1264 | # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. |
| 1265 | # |
| 1266 | # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks |
| 1267 | # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the |
| 1268 | # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always |
| 1269 | # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. |
| 1270 | # |
| 1271 | # (1993-12-10): |
| 1272 | # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the |
| 1273 | # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus |
| 1274 | # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. |
| 1275 | # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day |
| 1276 | # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. |
| 1277 | # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" |
| 1278 | # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it |
| 1279 | # might mean something else (???). |
| 1280 | # |
| 1281 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 1282 | # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. |
| 1283 | # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely |
| 1284 | # that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. |
| 1285 | # |
| 1286 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1287 | Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1288 | Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - |
| 1289 | Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - |
| 1290 | Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1291 | Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - |
| 1292 | Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S |
| 1293 | Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - |
| 1294 | Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1295 | Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - |
| 1296 | Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1297 | Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - |
| 1298 | # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter |
| 1299 | Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1300 | Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - |
| 1301 | # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter |
| 1302 | Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1303 | # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week |
| 1304 | Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - |
| 1305 | Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - |
| 1306 | Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - |
| 1307 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1308 | Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 |
| 1309 | -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? |
| 1310 | -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s |
| 1311 | 0:00 - GMT |
| 1312 | |
| 1313 | # Italy |
| 1314 | # |
| 1315 | # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): |
| 1316 | # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, |
| 1317 | # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). |
| 1318 | # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. |
| 1319 | # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, |
| 1320 | # so record only the time in Rome. |
| 1321 | # |
| 1322 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 1323 | # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and |
| 1324 | # F. Pollastri |
| 1325 | # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> |
| 1326 | # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) |
| 1327 | # </a> |
| 1328 | # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute |
| 1329 | # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: |
| 1330 | # |
| 1331 | # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: |
| 1332 | # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W |
| 1333 | # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
| 1334 | # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S |
| 1335 | # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W |
| 1336 | # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S |
| 1337 | # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W |
| 1338 | # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S |
| 1339 | # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
| 1340 | # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S |
| 1341 | # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
| 1342 | # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) |
| 1343 | # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
| 1344 | # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
| 1345 | # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S |
| 1346 | # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S |
| 1347 | # |
| 1348 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1349 | Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1350 | Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
| 1351 | Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1352 | Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - |
| 1353 | Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1354 | Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - |
| 1355 | Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1356 | Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1357 | Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - |
| 1358 | Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1359 | Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - |
| 1360 | Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S |
| 1361 | Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - |
| 1362 | Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1363 | Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - |
| 1364 | Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1365 | Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - |
| 1366 | Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1367 | Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - |
| 1368 | Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1369 | Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - |
| 1370 | Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1371 | Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1372 | Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 1373 | Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1374 | Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
| 1375 | Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 1376 | Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1377 | Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 1378 | Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1379 | Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1380 | Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - |
| 1381 | Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1382 | Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1383 | Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
| 1384 | Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - |
| 1385 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1386 | Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 |
| 1387 | 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean |
| 1388 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
| 1389 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul |
| 1390 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 |
| 1391 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1392 | |
| 1393 | Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican |
| 1394 | Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino |
| 1395 | |
| 1396 | # Latvia |
| 1397 | |
| 1398 | # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): |
| 1399 | |
| 1400 | # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy |
| 1401 | # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the |
| 1402 | # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about |
| 1403 | # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... |
| 1404 | # |
| 1405 | # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... |
| 1406 | # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 |
| 1407 | # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning |
| 1408 | # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) |
| 1409 | # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). |
| 1410 | # |
| 1411 | # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... |
| 1412 | # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 |
| 1413 | # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning |
| 1414 | # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 |
| 1415 | # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of |
| 1416 | # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). |
| 1417 | # |
| 1418 | # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... |
| 1419 | # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 |
| 1420 | # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, |
| 1421 | # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the |
| 1422 | # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia |
| 1423 | # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 |
| 1424 | # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of |
| 1425 | # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 |
| 1426 | # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is |
| 1427 | # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... |
| 1428 | # |
| 1429 | # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of |
| 1430 | # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of |
| 1431 | # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. |
| 1432 | |
| 1433 | # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): |
| 1434 | # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in |
| 1435 | # <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> |
| 1436 | # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of |
| 1437 | # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). |
| 1438 | |
| 1439 | # <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> |
| 1440 | # From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: |
| 1441 | # </a> |
| 1442 | # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will |
| 1443 | # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. |
| 1444 | # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their |
| 1445 | # clocks one hour in the spring.... |
| 1446 | # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few |
| 1447 | # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European |
| 1448 | # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving |
| 1449 | # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government |
| 1450 | # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it |
| 1451 | # appears that they will not do so.... |
| 1452 | |
| 1453 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1454 | Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1455 | Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
| 1456 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1457 | Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 |
| 1458 | 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time |
| 1459 | 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer |
| 1460 | 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 |
| 1461 | 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 |
| 1462 | 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 |
| 1463 | 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 |
| 1464 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul |
| 1465 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 |
| 1466 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s |
| 1467 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s |
| 1468 | 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 |
| 1469 | 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 |
| 1470 | 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 |
| 1471 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1472 | |
| 1473 | # Liechtenstein |
| 1474 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1475 | Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun |
| 1476 | 1:00 - CET 1981 |
| 1477 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1478 | |
| 1479 | # Lithuania |
| 1480 | |
| 1481 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): |
| 1482 | # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is |
| 1483 | # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. |
| 1484 | |
| 1485 | # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): |
| 1486 | # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone |
| 1487 | # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. |
| 1488 | |
| 1489 | # From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), |
| 1490 | # via Steffen Thorsen: |
| 1491 | # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) |
| 1492 | # to be valid here starting from October 31, |
| 1493 | # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... |
| 1494 | # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a |
| 1495 | # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was |
| 1496 | # already done by Estonia. |
| 1497 | |
| 1498 | # From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> |
| 1499 | # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism |
| 1500 | # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. |
| 1501 | |
| 1502 | # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): |
| 1503 | # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will |
| 1504 | # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid |
| 1505 | # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its |
| 1506 | # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of |
| 1507 | # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at |
| 1508 | # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm |
| 1509 | |
| 1510 | |
| 1511 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1512 | Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 |
| 1513 | 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time |
| 1514 | 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time |
| 1515 | 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 |
| 1516 | 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 |
| 1517 | 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 |
| 1518 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 |
| 1519 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug |
| 1520 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 1521 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
| 1522 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 |
| 1523 | 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u |
| 1524 | 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u |
| 1525 | 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 |
| 1526 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1527 | |
| 1528 | # Luxembourg |
| 1529 | # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; |
| 1530 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1531 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1532 | Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1533 | Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
| 1534 | Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1535 | Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - |
| 1536 | Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1537 | Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - |
| 1538 | Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1539 | Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - |
| 1540 | Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1541 | Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - |
| 1542 | Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1543 | Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - |
| 1544 | Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1545 | Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - |
| 1546 | Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1547 | Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - |
| 1548 | Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1549 | Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - |
| 1550 | Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1551 | Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1552 | Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1553 | Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1554 | Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1555 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1556 | Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun |
| 1557 | 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 |
| 1558 | 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s |
| 1559 | 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 |
| 1560 | 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 |
| 1561 | 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 |
| 1562 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1563 | |
| 1564 | # Macedonia |
| 1565 | # see Serbia |
| 1566 | |
| 1567 | # Malta |
| 1568 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1569 | Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1570 | Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - |
| 1571 | Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1572 | Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - |
| 1573 | Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S |
| 1574 | Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - |
| 1575 | Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S |
| 1576 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1577 | Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta |
| 1578 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
| 1579 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s |
| 1580 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 |
| 1581 | 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 |
| 1582 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1583 | |
| 1584 | # Moldova |
| 1585 | |
| 1586 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 1587 | # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write |
| 1588 | # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. |
| 1589 | # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence |
| 1590 | # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). |
| 1591 | # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area |
| 1592 | # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. |
| 1593 | # But [two people] separately reported via |
| 1594 | # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. |
| 1595 | # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. |
| 1596 | |
| 1597 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1598 | Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 |
| 1599 | 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT |
| 1600 | 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT |
| 1601 | 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 |
| 1602 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 |
| 1603 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 |
| 1604 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
| 1605 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 |
| 1606 | 2:00 - EET 1991 |
| 1607 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 |
| 1608 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
| 1609 | # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. |
| 1610 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1611 | |
| 1612 | # Monaco |
| 1613 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's |
| 1614 | # more precise 0:09:21. |
| 1615 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1616 | Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 |
| 1617 | 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time |
| 1618 | 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
| 1619 | 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 |
| 1620 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1621 | |
| 1622 | # Montenegro |
| 1623 | # see Serbia |
| 1624 | |
| 1625 | # Netherlands |
| 1626 | |
| 1627 | # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, |
| 1628 | # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. |
| 1629 | |
| 1630 | # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): |
| 1631 | # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 |
| 1632 | # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including |
| 1633 | # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time |
| 1634 | # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the |
| 1635 | # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was |
| 1636 | # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. |
| 1637 | # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and |
| 1638 | # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). |
| 1639 | # |
| 1640 | # (2001-04-08): |
| 1641 | # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to |
| 1642 | # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common |
| 1643 | # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. |
| 1644 | # |
| 1645 | # (2001-04-09): |
| 1646 | # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the |
| 1647 | # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe |
| 1648 | # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was |
| 1649 | # actually followed. |
| 1650 | # |
| 1651 | # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to |
| 1652 | # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of |
| 1653 | # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most |
| 1654 | # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically |
| 1655 | # adopted Amsterdam mean time. |
| 1656 | # |
| 1657 | # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety |
| 1658 | # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it |
| 1659 | # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe |
| 1660 | # Amsterdam mean time. |
| 1661 | |
| 1662 | # The data before 1945 are taken from |
| 1663 | # <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. |
| 1664 | |
| 1665 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1666 | Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time |
| 1667 | Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time |
| 1668 | Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1669 | Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT |
| 1670 | Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1671 | Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT |
| 1672 | Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1673 | Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT |
| 1674 | Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1675 | Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1676 | Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1677 | # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week |
| 1678 | # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. |
| 1679 | Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1680 | Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1681 | Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1682 | Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1683 | Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1684 | Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - |
| 1685 | Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1686 | Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1687 | Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
| 1688 | # |
| 1689 | # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted |
| 1690 | # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. |
| 1691 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1692 | Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 |
| 1693 | 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 |
| 1694 | 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time |
| 1695 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
| 1696 | 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 |
| 1697 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1698 | |
| 1699 | # Norway |
| 1700 | # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & |
| 1701 | # Pottenger. |
| 1702 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1703 | Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S |
| 1704 | Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
| 1705 | Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1706 | Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1707 | Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1708 | Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
| 1709 | Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1710 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1711 | Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 |
| 1712 | 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 |
| 1713 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
| 1714 | 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 |
| 1715 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1716 | |
| 1717 | # Svalbard & Jan Mayen |
| 1718 | |
| 1719 | # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): |
| 1720 | # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and |
| 1721 | # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the |
| 1722 | # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared |
| 1723 | # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan |
| 1724 | # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From |
| 1725 | # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and |
| 1726 | # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation |
| 1727 | # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came |
| 1728 | # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a |
| 1729 | # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From |
| 1730 | # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been |
| 1731 | # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) |
| 1732 | # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by |
| 1733 | # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever |
| 1734 | # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since |
| 1735 | # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere |
| 1736 | # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). |
| 1737 | |
| 1738 | # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): |
| 1739 | # |
| 1740 | # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, |
| 1741 | # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was |
| 1742 | # keeping Berlin time. |
| 1743 | # |
| 1744 | # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists |
| 1745 | # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in |
| 1746 | # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite |
| 1747 | # frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a |
| 1748 | # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly |
| 1749 | # the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that |
| 1750 | # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. |
| 1751 | # |
| 1752 | # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an |
| 1753 | # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says |
| 1754 | # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ |
| 1755 | # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were |
| 1756 | # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, |
| 1757 | # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) |
| 1758 | # <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> |
| 1759 | # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named |
| 1760 | # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. |
| 1761 | # |
| 1762 | # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can |
| 1763 | # come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the |
| 1764 | # war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: |
| 1765 | Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen |
| 1766 | |
| 1767 | # Poland |
| 1768 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1769 | Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
| 1770 | Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1771 | Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1772 | # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1773 | Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - |
| 1774 | # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1775 | Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1776 | Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
| 1777 | # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, |
| 1778 | # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., |
| 1779 | # <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> |
| 1780 | # Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. |
| 1781 | # He also gives these further references: |
| 1782 | # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> |
| 1783 | # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> |
| 1784 | Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1785 | Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - |
| 1786 | Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1787 | Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1788 | Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1789 | Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1790 | Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1791 | Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 1792 | Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1793 | Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1794 | Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - |
| 1795 | Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1796 | Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1797 | Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 1798 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1799 | Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 |
| 1800 | 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time |
| 1801 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 |
| 1802 | 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun |
| 1803 | 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 |
| 1804 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct |
| 1805 | 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 |
| 1806 | 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 |
| 1807 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1808 | |
| 1809 | # Portugal |
| 1810 | # |
| 1811 | # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): |
| 1812 | # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone |
| 1813 | # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. |
| 1814 | # |
| 1815 | # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve |
| 1816 | # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. |
| 1817 | # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. |
| 1818 | # |
| 1819 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): |
| 1820 | # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions |
| 1821 | # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. |
| 1822 | # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. |
| 1823 | # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. |
| 1824 | # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal |
| 1825 | # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. |
| 1826 | # |
| 1827 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1828 | # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not |
| 1829 | # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. |
| 1830 | # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1831 | Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1832 | # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1833 | Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - |
| 1834 | Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1835 | Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - |
| 1836 | Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1837 | Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1838 | Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1839 | Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1840 | Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1841 | Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - |
| 1842 | Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1843 | Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1844 | Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1845 | Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1846 | Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1847 | Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1848 | # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1849 | Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1850 | Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1851 | Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1852 | # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1853 | Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1854 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. |
| 1855 | Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1856 | Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1857 | # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1858 | Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1859 | Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1860 | Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1861 | # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1862 | Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - |
| 1863 | Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1864 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. |
| 1865 | Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - |
| 1866 | Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1867 | Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1868 | Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer |
| 1869 | Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S |
| 1870 | Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - |
| 1871 | Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M |
| 1872 | Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S |
| 1873 | Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M |
| 1874 | Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1875 | Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1876 | Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1877 | Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1878 | # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. |
| 1879 | # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1880 | Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1881 | Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1882 | Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1883 | Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - |
| 1884 | Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1885 | Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
| 1886 | Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 1887 | Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1888 | Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1889 | Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1890 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1891 | # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; |
| 1892 | # Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. |
| 1893 | Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 |
| 1894 | -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time |
| 1895 | 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 |
| 1896 | 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 |
| 1897 | 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s |
| 1898 | 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s |
| 1899 | 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u |
| 1900 | 0:00 EU WE%sT |
| 1901 | Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada |
| 1902 | -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time |
| 1903 | -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time |
| 1904 | -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s |
| 1905 | -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s |
| 1906 | 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u |
| 1907 | -1:00 EU AZO%sT |
| 1908 | Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal |
| 1909 | -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time |
| 1910 | -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time |
| 1911 | 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s |
| 1912 | 0:00 EU WE%sT |
| 1913 | |
| 1914 | # Romania |
| 1915 | # |
| 1916 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): |
| 1917 | # <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> |
| 1918 | # Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at |
| 1919 | # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, |
| 1920 | # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, |
| 1921 | # the same year as Bulgaria. |
| 1922 | # |
| 1923 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1924 | Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1925 | Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - |
| 1926 | Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1927 | Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1928 | Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 1929 | Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1930 | Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
| 1931 | Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1932 | Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - |
| 1933 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1934 | Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct |
| 1935 | 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT |
| 1936 | 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s |
| 1937 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 |
| 1938 | 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 |
| 1939 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
| 1940 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1941 | |
| 1942 | # Russia |
| 1943 | |
| 1944 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 1945 | # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. |
| 1946 | # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, |
| 1947 | # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, |
| 1948 | # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat |
| 1949 | # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. |
| 1950 | # |
| 1951 | # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): |
| 1952 | # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! |
| 1953 | # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; |
| 1954 | # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching |
| 1955 | # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. |
| 1956 | # |
| 1957 | # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): |
| 1958 | # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with |
| 1959 | # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... |
| 1960 | # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor |
| 1961 | # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. |
| 1962 | # |
| 1963 | # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): |
| 1964 | # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from |
| 1965 | # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... |
| 1966 | # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. |
| 1967 | # |
| 1968 | # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from |
| 1969 | # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): |
| 1970 | # News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was |
| 1971 | # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with |
| 1972 | # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began |
| 1973 | # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. |
| 1974 | # |
| 1975 | # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): |
| 1976 | # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in |
| 1977 | # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the |
| 1978 | # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan |
| 1979 | # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok |
| 1980 | # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are |
| 1981 | # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have |
| 1982 | # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. |
| 1983 | # |
| 1984 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1985 | # |
| 1986 | # Kaliningradskaya oblast'. |
| 1987 | Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr |
| 1988 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
| 1989 | 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 |
| 1990 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 1991 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT |
| 1992 | # |
| 1993 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] |
| 1994 | # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', |
| 1995 | # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', |
| 1996 | # Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', |
| 1997 | # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, |
| 1998 | # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, |
| 1999 | # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, |
| 2000 | # Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, |
| 2001 | # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', |
| 2002 | # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, |
| 2003 | # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', |
| 2004 | # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, |
| 2005 | # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', |
| 2006 | # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', |
| 2007 | # Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, |
| 2008 | # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', |
| 2009 | # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, |
| 2010 | # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', |
| 2011 | # Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', |
| 2012 | # Yaroslavskaya oblast' |
| 2013 | Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 |
| 2014 | 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time |
| 2015 | 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 |
| 2016 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct |
| 2017 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 2018 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2019 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2020 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD |
| 2021 | # |
| 2022 | # Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', |
| 2023 | # Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 |
| 2024 | # but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the |
| 2025 | # others? But we have no data. |
| 2026 | Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 |
| 2027 | 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time |
| 2028 | 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time |
| 2029 | 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 |
| 2030 | 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T |
| 2031 | 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2032 | 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s |
| 2033 | 3:00 Russia VOL%sT |
| 2034 | # |
| 2035 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] |
| 2036 | # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika |
| 2037 | Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 |
| 2038 | 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 |
| 2039 | 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 |
| 2040 | 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev |
| 2041 | 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2042 | 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
| 2043 | 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 |
| 2044 | 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time |
| 2045 | # |
| 2046 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] |
| 2047 | # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, |
| 2048 | # Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', |
| 2049 | # Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', |
| 2050 | # Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', |
| 2051 | # Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. |
| 2052 | Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 |
| 2053 | 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time |
| 2054 | 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2055 | 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2056 | 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time |
| 2057 | # |
| 2058 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] |
| 2059 | # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. |
| 2060 | Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 |
| 2061 | 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme |
| 2062 | 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2063 | 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2064 | 6:00 Russia OMS%sT |
| 2065 | # |
| 2066 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's |
| 2067 | # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. |
| 2068 | # Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. |
| 2069 | Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 |
| 2070 | 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time |
| 2071 | 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2072 | 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2073 | 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. |
| 2074 | 6:00 Russia NOV%sT |
| 2075 | # |
| 2076 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] |
| 2077 | # Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj, |
| 2078 | # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, |
| 2079 | # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. |
| 2080 | Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 |
| 2081 | 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time |
| 2082 | 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2083 | 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2084 | 7:00 Russia KRA%sT |
| 2085 | # |
| 2086 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] |
| 2087 | # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', |
| 2088 | # Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. |
| 2089 | Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 |
| 2090 | 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time |
| 2091 | 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time |
| 2092 | 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2093 | 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2094 | 8:00 Russia IRK%sT |
| 2095 | # |
| 2096 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
| 2097 | # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', |
| 2098 | # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. |
| 2099 | # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, |
| 2100 | # Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, |
| 2101 | # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, |
| 2102 | # Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij, |
| 2103 | # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, |
| 2104 | # Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij. |
| 2105 | Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 |
| 2106 | 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time |
| 2107 | 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2108 | 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2109 | 9:00 Russia YAK%sT |
| 2110 | # |
| 2111 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
| 2112 | # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, |
| 2113 | # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). |
| 2114 | # The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij, |
| 2115 | # Ust'-Yanskij. |
| 2116 | Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 |
| 2117 | 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time |
| 2118 | 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2119 | 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2120 | 10:00 Russia VLA%sT |
| 2121 | # |
| 2122 | # Sakhalinskaya oblast'. |
| 2123 | # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. |
| 2124 | Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 |
| 2125 | 9:00 - CJT 1938 |
| 2126 | 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 |
| 2127 | 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. |
| 2128 | 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2129 | 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s |
| 2130 | 10:00 Russia SAK%sT |
| 2131 | # |
| 2132 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
| 2133 | # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). |
| 2134 | # Probably also: Kuril Islands. |
| 2135 | # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij, |
| 2136 | # Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij. |
| 2137 | Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 2138 | 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time |
| 2139 | 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2140 | 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2141 | 11:00 Russia MAG%sT |
| 2142 | # |
| 2143 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] |
| 2144 | # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. |
| 2145 | # |
| 2146 | # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. |
| 2147 | Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 |
| 2148 | 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time |
| 2149 | 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2150 | 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2151 | 12:00 Russia PET%sT |
| 2152 | # |
| 2153 | # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug |
| 2154 | Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 2155 | 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time |
| 2156 | 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s |
| 2157 | 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2158 | 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2159 | 12:00 Russia ANA%sT |
| 2160 | |
| 2161 | # Serbia |
| 2162 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 2163 | Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 |
| 2164 | 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 |
| 2165 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
| 2166 | 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s |
| 2167 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s |
| 2168 | # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of |
| 2169 | # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. |
| 2170 | # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. |
| 2171 | 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 |
| 2172 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 2173 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia |
| 2174 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro |
| 2175 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 2176 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia |
| 2177 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia |
| 2178 | |
| 2179 | # Slovakia |
| 2180 | Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava |
| 2181 | |
| 2182 | # Slovenia |
| 2183 | # see Serbia |
| 2184 | |
| 2185 | # Spain |
| 2186 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 2187 | # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; |
| 2188 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 2189 | Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2190 | Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - |
| 2191 | Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2192 | Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2193 | # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 2194 | Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2195 | # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 2196 | Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - |
| 2197 | Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2198 | # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 2199 | Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 2200 | Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2201 | Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2202 | Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2203 | # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; |
| 2204 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 2205 | Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2206 | Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 2207 | Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2208 | Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2209 | Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 2210 | # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 2211 | Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer |
| 2212 | Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S |
| 2213 | Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M |
| 2214 | Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S |
| 2215 | Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S |
| 2216 | Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S |
| 2217 | Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
| 2218 | Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S |
| 2219 | Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - |
| 2220 | Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S |
| 2221 | Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - |
| 2222 | Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S |
| 2223 | Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
| 2224 | Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S |
| 2225 | Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
| 2226 | # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. |
| 2227 | Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S |
| 2228 | Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2229 | Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2230 | Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2231 | Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2232 | Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2233 | Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
| 2234 | Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2235 | Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - |
| 2236 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 2237 | Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s |
| 2238 | 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 |
| 2239 | 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 |
| 2240 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 2241 | Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 |
| 2242 | 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 |
| 2243 | 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 |
| 2244 | 0:00 - WET 1924 |
| 2245 | 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 |
| 2246 | 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 |
| 2247 | 1:00 - CET 1986 |
| 2248 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 2249 | Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. |
| 2250 | -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time |
| 2251 | 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s |
| 2252 | 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s |
| 2253 | 0:00 EU WE%sT |
| 2254 | # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. |
| 2255 | # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. |
| 2256 | |
| 2257 | # Sweden |
| 2258 | |
| 2259 | # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: |
| 2260 | # |
| 2261 | # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: |
| 2262 | # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all |
| 2263 | # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at |
| 2264 | # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the |
| 2265 | # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. |
| 2266 | # |
| 2267 | # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" |
| 2268 | # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the |
| 2269 | # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... |
| 2270 | # |
| 2271 | # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk |
| 2272 | # forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning |
| 2273 | # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at |
| 2274 | # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English |
| 2275 | # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west |
| 2276 | # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated |
| 2277 | # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time |
| 2278 | # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. |
| 2279 | # |
| 2280 | # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states |
| 2281 | # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is |
| 2282 | # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... |
| 2283 | # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". |
| 2284 | # |
| 2285 | # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish |
| 2286 | # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are |
| 2287 | # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available |
| 2288 | # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type |
| 2289 | # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click |
| 2290 | # the Sok-button). |
| 2291 | # |
| 2292 | # (2001-05-13): |
| 2293 | # |
| 2294 | # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 |
| 2295 | # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show |
| 2296 | # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some |
| 2297 | # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already |
| 2298 | # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another |
| 2299 | # hour before the event took place. |
| 2300 | # |
| 2301 | # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. |
| 2302 | |
| 2303 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 2304 | Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 |
| 2305 | 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time |
| 2306 | 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 |
| 2307 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 |
| 2308 | 1:00 - CET 1980 |
| 2309 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 2310 | |
| 2311 | # Switzerland |
| 2312 | # From Howse: |
| 2313 | # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace |
| 2314 | # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep |
| 2315 | # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... |
| 2316 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 2317 | # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): |
| 2318 | # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2319 | # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - |
| 2320 | # From Shanks & Pottenger: |
| 2321 | # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
| 2322 | # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
| 2323 | |
| 2324 | # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): |
| 2325 | # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. |
| 2326 | # |
| 2327 | # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values |
| 2328 | # to be wrong. This is now verified. |
| 2329 | # |
| 2330 | # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal |
| 2331 | # government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss |
| 2332 | # federal law collection)... |
| 2333 | # |
| 2334 | # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am |
| 2335 | # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. |
| 2336 | # |
| 2337 | # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am |
| 2338 | # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am |
| 2339 | # |
| 2340 | # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. |
| 2341 | # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law |
| 2342 | # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any |
| 2343 | # other years are made. |
| 2344 | # |
| 2345 | # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported |
| 2346 | # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous |
| 2347 | # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such |
| 2348 | # a thing had happened in Switzerland. |
| 2349 | # |
| 2350 | # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de |
| 2351 | # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is |
| 2352 | # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled |
| 2353 | # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. |
| 2354 | # |
| 2355 | # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: |
| 2356 | # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S |
| 2357 | # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - |
| 2358 | # |
| 2359 | # The 1940 rules must be deleted. |
| 2360 | # |
| 2361 | # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for |
| 2362 | # most users of tzdata: |
| 2363 | # The zone file |
| 2364 | # Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 |
| 2365 | # 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time |
| 2366 | # 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 |
| 2367 | # 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 2368 | # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of |
| 2369 | # the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not |
| 2370 | # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. |
| 2371 | # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. |
| 2372 | |
| 2373 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 2374 | Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S |
| 2375 | Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - |
| 2376 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 2377 | Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 |
| 2378 | 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time |
| 2379 | 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 |
| 2380 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 2381 | |
| 2382 | # Turkey |
| 2383 | |
| 2384 | # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): |
| 2385 | # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. |
| 2386 | # ... The latest rules are available at - |
| 2387 | # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 |
| 2388 | # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): |
| 2389 | # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that |
| 2390 | # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure |
| 2391 | # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: |
| 2392 | # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm |
| 2393 | # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT |
| 2394 | # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM |
| 2395 | # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 |
| 2396 | # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 |
| 2397 | # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 |
| 2398 | # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): |
| 2399 | # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. |
| 2400 | |
| 2401 | # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): |
| 2402 | # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC |
| 2403 | # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): |
| 2404 | # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp |
| 2405 | # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: |
| 2406 | # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm |
| 2407 | # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document |
| 2408 | # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: |
| 2409 | # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm |
| 2410 | |
| 2411 | # From Sue Williams (2008-08-11): |
| 2412 | # I spotted this news article about a potential change in Turkey. |
| 2413 | # |
| 2414 | # <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1"> |
| 2415 | # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1 |
| 2416 | # </a> |
| 2417 | |
| 2418 | # From Sue Williams (2008-08-20): |
| 2419 | # This article says that around the end of March 2011, Turkey wants to |
| 2420 | # adjust the clocks forward by 1/2 hour and stay that way permanently. |
| 2421 | # The article indicates that this is a change in timezone offset in addition |
| 2422 | # to stopping observance of DST. |
| 2423 | # This proposal has not yet been approved. |
| 2424 | # |
| 2425 | # Read more here... |
| 2426 | # |
| 2427 | # Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011 |
| 2428 | # <a href="http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989"> |
| 2429 | # http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989 |
| 2430 | # </a> |
| 2431 | |
| 2432 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 2433 | Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2434 | Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2435 | Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2436 | Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - |
| 2437 | Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2438 | Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
| 2439 | Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2440 | Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
| 2441 | # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; |
| 2442 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 2443 | Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2444 | Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2445 | Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2446 | Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2447 | Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - |
| 2448 | Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2449 | Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - |
| 2450 | Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2451 | # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; |
| 2452 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 2453 | Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2454 | Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2455 | Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
| 2456 | Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2457 | Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2458 | Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2459 | Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - |
| 2460 | Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2461 | Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2462 | Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2463 | Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
| 2464 | Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2465 | Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
| 2466 | Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2467 | Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2468 | Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2469 | Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - |
| 2470 | Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S |
| 2471 | Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - |
| 2472 | Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S |
| 2473 | Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - |
| 2474 | Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2475 | Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 2476 | Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2477 | Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2478 | Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - |
| 2479 | Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S |
| 2480 | Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - |
| 2481 | Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S |
| 2482 | Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2483 | Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
| 2484 | Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2485 | Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
| 2486 | Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 2487 | Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
| 2488 | Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 2489 | Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 2490 | Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 2491 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 2492 | Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 |
| 2493 | 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? |
| 2494 | 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 |
| 2495 | 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time |
| 2496 | 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 |
| 2497 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 2498 | Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. |
| 2499 | |
| 2500 | # Ukraine |
| 2501 | # |
| 2502 | # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, |
| 2503 | # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): |
| 2504 | # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment |
| 2505 | # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: |
| 2506 | # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday |
| 2507 | # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of |
| 2508 | # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" |
| 2509 | |
| 2510 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 2511 | # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. |
| 2512 | # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but |
| 2513 | # "Kiev" is more common in English. |
| 2514 | Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 |
| 2515 | 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time |
| 2516 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 2517 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 |
| 2518 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 |
| 2519 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
| 2520 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 |
| 2521 | 2:00 - EET 1992 |
| 2522 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 |
| 2523 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 2524 | # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. |
| 2525 | # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but |
| 2526 | # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. |
| 2527 | Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct |
| 2528 | 1:00 - CET 1940 |
| 2529 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct |
| 2530 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 |
| 2531 | 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 |
| 2532 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
| 2533 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 |
| 2534 | 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 |
| 2535 | 2:00 - EET 1992 |
| 2536 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 |
| 2537 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 2538 | # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. |
| 2539 | # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but |
| 2540 | # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English |
| 2541 | # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in |
| 2542 | # portable Posix file names. |
| 2543 | Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 |
| 2544 | 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T |
| 2545 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 2546 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 |
| 2547 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 |
| 2548 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 |
| 2549 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 |
| 2550 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 2551 | # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. |
| 2552 | Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 |
| 2553 | 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T |
| 2554 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 2555 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov |
| 2556 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 |
| 2557 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
| 2558 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 |
| 2559 | 2:00 - EET 1992 |
| 2560 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 2561 | # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched |
| 2562 | # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. |
| 2563 | # Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened |
| 2564 | # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say |
| 2565 | # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it |
| 2566 | # changed in May. |
| 2567 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May |
| 2568 | # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. |
| 2569 | 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s |
| 2570 | 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s |
| 2571 | # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. |
| 2572 | # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. |
| 2573 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 |
| 2574 | 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u |
| 2575 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 2576 | |
| 2577 | ############################################################################### |
| 2578 | |
| 2579 | # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from |
| 2580 | # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. |
| 2581 | # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. |
| 2582 | # |
| 2583 | # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but |
| 2584 | # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. |
| 2585 | # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at |
| 2586 | # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey |
| 2587 | # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time |
| 2588 | # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) |
| 2589 | |
| 2590 | # ... |
| 2591 | # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 |
| 2592 | # From: Tom Hofmann |
| 2593 | # ... |
| 2594 | # |
| 2595 | # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when |
| 2596 | # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only |
| 2597 | # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according |
| 2598 | # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on |
| 2599 | # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following |
| 2600 | # years... |
| 2601 | # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions |
| 2602 | # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST |
| 2603 | # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep |
| 2604 | # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. |
| 2605 | # |
| 2606 | # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the |
| 2607 | # Soviet Union (as far as I know). |
| 2608 | # |
| 2609 | # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, |
| 2610 | # 4002 Basle, Switzerland |
| 2611 | # ... |
| 2612 | |
| 2613 | # ... |
| 2614 | # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 |
| 2615 | # From: Dik T. Winter |
| 2616 | # ... |
| 2617 | # |
| 2618 | # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. |
| 2619 | # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information |
| 2620 | # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. |
| 2621 | # |
| 2622 | # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on |
| 2623 | # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... |
| 2624 | # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that |
| 2625 | # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 |
| 2626 | # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in |
| 2627 | # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch |
| 2628 | # dates... |
| 2629 | # |
| 2630 | # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. |
| 2631 | # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... |
| 2632 | # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not |
| 2633 | # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations |
| 2634 | # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always |
| 2635 | # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the |
| 2636 | # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours |
| 2637 | # in advance of normal time. |
| 2638 | # |
| 2639 | # ... |
| 2640 | # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland |
| 2641 | # ... |
| 2642 | |
| 2643 | # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): |
| 2644 | # ... |
| 2645 | # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). |
| 2646 | # Since 1978. Change at midnight. |
| 2647 | # ... |
| 2648 | # Monaco: has same DST as France. |
| 2649 | # ... |