1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
9 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
34 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
35 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
36 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
37 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
38 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
39 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
40 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
41 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
43 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
44 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
45 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
46 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
47 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
49 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
50 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
51 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
52 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
53 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
54 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
55 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
56 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
57 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
58 # until we get more information.
60 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
61 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
62 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
63 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
64 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
69 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
70 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
71 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
72 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
77 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
78 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
79 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
80 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
81 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
82 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
83 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
84 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
85 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
86 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
87 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
88 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
89 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
90 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
91 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
92 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
93 # more precise 0:09:21.
94 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
95 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
96 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
98 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
99 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
100 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
102 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
114 # See Africa/Abidjan.
124 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
125 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
126 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
127 # merely made it official?
129 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
132 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
133 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
136 # Central African Republic
140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
142 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
143 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
147 # See Africa/Nairobi.
149 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
150 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
152 # Republic of the Congo
155 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
156 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
157 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
159 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
160 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
161 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
162 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
163 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
164 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
165 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
166 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
167 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
168 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
171 # See Africa/Nairobi.
173 ###############################################################################
177 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
178 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
179 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
180 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
182 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
183 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
184 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
185 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
186 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
187 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
188 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
189 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
190 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
191 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
192 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
193 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
194 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
195 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
196 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
197 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
198 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
199 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
200 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
201 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
202 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
203 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
205 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
206 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
207 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
208 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
210 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
211 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
213 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
214 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
215 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
216 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
217 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
218 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
219 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
220 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
221 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
222 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
223 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
224 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
225 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
226 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
227 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
228 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
229 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
230 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
231 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
232 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
233 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
234 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
235 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
236 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
237 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
238 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
239 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
241 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
242 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
244 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
245 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
247 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
248 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
250 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
251 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
253 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
254 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
256 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
258 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
260 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
262 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
264 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
265 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
266 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
268 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
269 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
270 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
273 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
274 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
275 # Information and Decision Support Center:
276 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
278 # The Middle East News Agency
279 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
280 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
281 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
282 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
283 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
286 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
287 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
288 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
291 # Arabic translation:
292 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
293 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
294 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
296 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
297 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
298 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
300 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
301 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
303 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
304 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
305 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
306 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
307 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
308 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
309 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
310 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
311 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
312 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
313 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
314 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
316 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
317 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
318 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
319 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
320 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
321 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
323 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
324 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
325 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
326 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
327 # dates not yet announced....
328 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
329 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
331 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
332 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
335 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
336 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
337 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
338 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
339 # practice altogether in future years."
341 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
342 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
343 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
344 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
346 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
347 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
348 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
349 # http://www.nileinternational.net/en/?p=25806
350 # ... EgyptAir seems to have assumed DST to start in April (like it previously
351 # did in 2010), and therefore this obviously causes problems with the schedules:
352 # http://www.egyptair.com/en/about-egyptair/news-and-press/Pages/CANCELLATION%20OF%20DAYLIGHT%20SAVING%20TIME.aspx
354 # From Paul Eggert (2016-04-29):
355 # For now, guess fall transitions will be October's last Thursday at
356 # 24:00 and spring transitions will follow rules used 1995-2010 and be
357 # April's last Thursday at 24:00, and guess a switch to standard time at
358 # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
359 # first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this,
360 # transition dates for 2016 through 2068 were determined by running
361 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.5, with the results integrated
362 # by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
363 # DST starting in 2069, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff here.
364 # (let ((islamic-year 1437))
365 # (while (< islamic-year 1491)
366 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
367 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
369 # (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
371 # (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
375 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
376 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
379 # (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
380 # "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
381 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
382 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
383 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
385 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
386 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
387 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
388 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
389 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
390 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
391 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
392 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
393 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
394 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S
395 Rule Egypt 2016 2035 - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 -
396 Rule Egypt 2017 2019 - Apr lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
397 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 -
398 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S
399 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 -
400 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
401 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 -
402 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S
403 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S
404 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S
405 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S
406 Rule Egypt 2023 2051 - Apr lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
407 Rule Egypt 2036 only - Oct 16 24:00 0 -
408 Rule Egypt 2037 only - Oct 8 24:00 0 -
409 Rule Egypt 2038 only - Sep 23 24:00 0 -
410 Rule Egypt 2039 only - Sep 15 24:00 0 -
411 Rule Egypt 2039 only - Oct 20 24:00 1:00 S
412 Rule Egypt 2039 max - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 -
413 Rule Egypt 2040 only - Sep 6 24:00 0 -
414 Rule Egypt 2040 only - Oct 11 24:00 1:00 S
415 Rule Egypt 2041 only - Aug 22 24:00 0 -
416 Rule Egypt 2041 only - Sep 26 24:00 1:00 S
417 Rule Egypt 2042 only - Aug 14 24:00 0 -
418 Rule Egypt 2042 only - Sep 18 24:00 1:00 S
419 Rule Egypt 2043 only - Aug 6 24:00 0 -
420 Rule Egypt 2043 only - Sep 10 24:00 1:00 S
421 Rule Egypt 2044 only - Jul 21 24:00 0 -
422 Rule Egypt 2044 only - Aug 25 24:00 1:00 S
423 Rule Egypt 2045 only - Jul 13 24:00 0 -
424 Rule Egypt 2045 only - Aug 17 24:00 1:00 S
425 Rule Egypt 2046 only - Jun 28 24:00 0 -
426 Rule Egypt 2046 only - Aug 9 24:00 1:00 S
427 Rule Egypt 2047 only - Jun 20 24:00 0 -
428 Rule Egypt 2047 only - Jul 25 24:00 1:00 S
429 Rule Egypt 2048 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 -
430 Rule Egypt 2048 only - Jul 16 24:00 1:00 S
431 Rule Egypt 2049 only - May 27 24:00 0 -
432 Rule Egypt 2049 only - Jul 1 24:00 1:00 S
433 Rule Egypt 2050 only - May 19 24:00 0 -
434 Rule Egypt 2050 only - Jun 23 24:00 1:00 S
435 Rule Egypt 2051 only - May 11 24:00 0 -
436 Rule Egypt 2051 only - Jun 15 24:00 1:00 S
437 Rule Egypt 2052 only - May 30 24:00 1:00 S
438 Rule Egypt 2053 only - May 22 24:00 1:00 S
439 Rule Egypt 2054 only - May 14 24:00 1:00 S
440 Rule Egypt 2055 max - Apr lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
442 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
443 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
451 # See Africa/Nairobi.
457 # See Africa/Abidjan.
460 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
461 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
462 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
463 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
464 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
465 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
466 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
467 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
468 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
469 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
470 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
474 # See Africa/Abidjan.
478 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
479 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
480 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
481 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
483 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
484 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
489 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
490 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
495 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
496 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
497 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
498 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
499 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
500 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
501 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
502 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
503 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
506 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
509 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
510 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
511 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
512 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
513 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
514 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
515 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
516 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
517 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
518 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
519 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
520 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
523 ###############################################################################
527 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
528 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
529 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
530 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
532 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
533 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
535 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
536 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
537 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
538 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
539 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
541 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
542 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
543 # cancelled yesterday....
544 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
546 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
547 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
549 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
550 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
551 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
552 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
553 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
554 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
555 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
556 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
557 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
558 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
559 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
560 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
561 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
562 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
563 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
564 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
565 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
566 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
567 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
568 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
569 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
571 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
572 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
573 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
574 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
575 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
576 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
577 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
581 # See Africa/Nairobi.
588 # See Africa/Abidjan.
592 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
593 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
595 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
596 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
597 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
599 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
600 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
602 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
603 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
604 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
605 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
607 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
608 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
610 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
612 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
613 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
614 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
615 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
616 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
618 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
619 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
620 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
621 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
622 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
623 # changes two days later.
625 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
626 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
627 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
628 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
630 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
631 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
632 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
633 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
635 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
636 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
637 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
638 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
640 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
641 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
642 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
643 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
644 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
645 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
646 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
647 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
648 # and end on 29 March 2009.
650 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
651 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
652 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
653 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
654 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
656 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
657 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
658 # DST the coming summer...
660 # Some sources, in French:
661 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
662 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
665 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
667 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
668 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
669 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
670 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
672 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
673 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
674 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
675 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
676 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
677 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
678 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
679 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
680 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
681 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
684 # See Africa/Nairobi.
687 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
689 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
690 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
691 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
693 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
694 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
695 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
697 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
698 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
700 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
701 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
703 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
705 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
708 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
709 # According to this article:
710 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
711 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
712 # the changes occur at midnight:
714 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
715 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
716 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
718 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
719 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
720 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
721 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
723 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
724 # published on the web.
726 # It's also confirmed here:
727 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
728 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
729 # posted in English).
731 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
732 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
734 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
735 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
736 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
739 # One article about it (in French):
740 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
742 # We have some further details posted here:
743 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
745 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
746 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
747 # to many sources, such as
748 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
749 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
753 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
755 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
756 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
757 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
759 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
760 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
761 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
762 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
764 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
765 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
767 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
768 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
769 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
770 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
773 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
776 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
778 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
779 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
780 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
781 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
782 # ...Official links of change in morocco
783 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
784 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
786 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
788 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
789 # is the official publication to look at.
790 # They said that the decision was already taken.
792 # More articles in the press
793 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
794 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
795 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
797 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
798 # They have it written in English here:
799 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
801 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
802 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
803 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
804 # also been like that in the past.
806 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
807 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
808 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
809 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
810 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
811 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
812 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
813 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
814 # except the month of Ramadan.
816 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
818 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
819 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
820 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
821 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
822 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
823 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
825 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
826 # Seen Morocco change again:
827 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
828 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
829 # comme annoncé précédemment."
831 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
832 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
833 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
835 # Google translation, lightly edited:
836 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
837 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
838 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
839 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
840 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
841 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
842 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
843 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
844 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
846 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
847 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
848 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
849 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
850 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
851 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
853 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
854 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
855 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
856 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
858 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
859 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
860 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
861 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
862 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
864 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
865 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
866 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
868 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
869 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
871 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
872 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
873 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
874 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
875 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
877 # From Milamber (2015-06-08):
878 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
879 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
880 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
881 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
882 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
883 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
885 # http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
887 # From Milamber (2015-06-09):
888 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
890 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
891 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
892 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
893 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
894 # <http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
897 # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
898 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
899 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
900 # Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
901 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
902 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
903 # results integrated by hand into the table below.
904 # (let ((islamic-year 1437))
905 # (require 'cal-islam)
906 # (while (< islamic-year 1460)
907 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
908 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
910 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
911 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
913 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
914 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
917 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
918 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
919 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
920 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
921 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
923 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
925 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
926 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
927 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
928 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
929 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
930 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
931 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
932 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
933 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
934 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
935 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
936 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
937 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
938 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
939 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
940 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
941 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
942 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
943 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
944 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
945 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
946 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
947 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
948 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
949 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
950 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
951 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
952 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
953 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
954 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
955 Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
956 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
957 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
958 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
959 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S
960 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
961 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S
962 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
963 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S
964 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
965 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S
966 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 -
967 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S
968 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 -
969 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
970 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 -
971 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S
972 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S
973 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S
974 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S
975 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S
976 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
977 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 -
978 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
980 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
981 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
982 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
988 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
989 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
990 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
993 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
994 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
995 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
997 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
998 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
1003 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
1004 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
1005 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
1006 # merely made it official?
1008 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1009 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
1011 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
1012 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
1013 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
1014 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
1015 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
1016 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
1017 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
1020 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
1021 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
1023 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
1024 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
1025 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
1026 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
1027 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
1028 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
1029 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
1032 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
1033 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
1034 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
1036 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1037 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1038 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1039 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1040 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1041 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
1042 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
1043 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
1044 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
1045 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
1052 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1053 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
1055 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
1056 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
1057 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
1058 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1059 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
1060 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
1061 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
1062 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
1063 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
1066 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1067 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1068 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
1070 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1072 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1073 # The following information about them is taken from
1074 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1075 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1076 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1078 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1079 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1080 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1081 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1082 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1085 # See Africa/Maputo.
1088 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1089 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1090 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1091 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1092 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1093 # on GMT, says the CIA
1094 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1096 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1098 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1101 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1102 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1103 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1104 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1105 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1106 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1107 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1108 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1109 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1112 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1115 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1118 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1119 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1120 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1121 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1122 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1123 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1125 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1126 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1128 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1129 # scientific station since 1947
1134 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1135 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1136 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1137 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1138 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1139 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1141 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1142 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1143 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1144 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1145 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1146 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1147 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1148 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1152 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1155 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
1158 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1161 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1165 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1166 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1167 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1168 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1169 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1170 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1171 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1172 # Saturday." (My translation)
1174 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1175 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1176 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1177 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1180 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1181 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1182 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1183 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1184 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1186 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1187 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1189 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1190 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1192 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1193 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1194 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1196 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1197 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1199 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1202 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1205 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1207 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1208 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1209 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1210 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1211 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1212 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1214 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1215 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1218 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1220 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1221 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1224 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1225 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1226 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1228 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1229 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1230 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1231 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1232 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1233 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1234 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1235 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1236 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1237 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1238 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1239 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1240 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1241 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1242 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1243 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1244 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1245 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1246 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1247 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1248 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1249 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1250 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1251 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1252 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1253 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1255 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1256 # more precise 0:09:21.
1257 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1259 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1260 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1264 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1268 # See Africa/Maputo.
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