1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
9 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
11 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
12 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
13 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
15 ###############################################################################
19 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
20 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
21 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
22 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
23 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
24 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
25 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
26 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
27 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
28 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
30 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
31 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
32 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
34 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
35 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
36 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
37 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
38 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
39 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
41 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
42 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
43 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
44 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
45 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
47 # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
48 # agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
49 # daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
50 # I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
51 # valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
52 # of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
53 # reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
54 # scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
55 # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
56 # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
58 # -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
59 # Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
61 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
62 # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
63 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
64 # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
66 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
67 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
68 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
69 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
71 # From Arthur David Olson:
72 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
73 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
74 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
76 # From Arthur David Olson:
77 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
78 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
80 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
81 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
82 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
83 # An AltaVista search turned up:
84 # http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
85 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
86 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
87 # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
89 # From Joseph Gallant citing
90 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
91 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
92 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
93 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
94 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
95 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
96 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
97 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
99 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From
100 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
102 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
103 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
104 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
105 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
106 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
109 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
110 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
111 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
112 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
114 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
116 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
117 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
118 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
119 # U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
120 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
122 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
123 Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
124 Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
125 Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
126 Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
127 Rule US 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
128 Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
129 Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
130 Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
131 Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
132 Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
133 Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
134 Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
135 Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
137 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
138 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
139 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
140 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
141 # this time zone package.
142 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
143 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
144 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
145 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
146 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
148 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
151 Zone HST -10:00 - HST
152 Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT
153 Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT
154 Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT
155 Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
157 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
158 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
160 # Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
161 # Yukon Standard Time(YST) -same-
162 # Central Alaska S.T. (CAT) Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
163 # Nome Standard Time (NT) Bering Standard Time (BST)
165 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
166 # The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
167 # of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
169 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
170 # The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
171 # I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
173 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
174 # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
175 # USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
176 # USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
177 # USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
178 # USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
179 # USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
180 # USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
181 # USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
182 # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
183 # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
184 # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
185 # USA " 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
186 # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
187 # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
189 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
190 # The above dates are for 1988.
191 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
192 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
195 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
196 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
197 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
198 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
199 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
201 # United States standard eastern time
202 # United States standard mountain time
203 # United States standard central time
204 # United States standard Pacific time
206 # United States standard Alaska time
208 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
209 # public law 98-181):
210 # Atlantic standard time
211 # eastern standard time
212 # central standard time
213 # mountain standard time
214 # Pacific standard time
215 # Yukon standard time
216 # Alaska-Hawaii standard time
217 # Bering standard time
218 # And after 1983-11-30:
219 # Atlantic standard time
220 # eastern standard time
221 # central standard time
222 # mountain standard time
223 # Pacific standard time
224 # Alaska standard time
225 # Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
226 # Samoa standard time
227 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
229 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
230 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
231 # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
232 # See the file "australasia".
234 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
235 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
237 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
238 # (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
239 # U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
240 # (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
241 # Sunday of March"; and
242 # (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
243 # Sunday of November'.
244 # (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
245 # date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
246 # (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
247 # date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
248 # on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
250 # (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
251 # Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
252 # Department study is complete.
254 # US eastern time, represented by New York
256 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
257 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
258 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
259 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
260 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
261 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
263 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
264 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
265 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
266 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
267 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
268 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
270 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
271 # According to today's Huntsville Times
272 # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
273 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
274 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
275 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
276 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
277 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
280 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
281 # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
282 # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
283 # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the
286 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
287 Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
288 Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
289 Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
290 Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
291 Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
292 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
293 Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
300 # US central time, represented by Chicago
302 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
303 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
304 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
305 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
306 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
307 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
308 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
309 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
311 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
312 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
313 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local
314 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
315 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
316 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
318 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
319 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
320 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
321 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
323 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
324 Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
325 Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
326 Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
327 Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
328 Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
329 Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
330 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
331 Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
333 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
334 -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
335 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
337 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
339 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
340 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
341 -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 2:00
343 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
344 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
345 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
346 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
347 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
348 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
349 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
350 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
351 -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 2:00
354 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
355 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
356 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
357 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
358 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
359 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
361 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
362 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
363 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
364 # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
365 # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
368 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
369 -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
372 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
374 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
375 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
376 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
377 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
378 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
380 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
381 Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
382 Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
383 Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
384 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
385 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
386 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
387 Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
389 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
391 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
394 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
396 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
397 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
398 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
399 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
400 # Malheur county), and Washington
402 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
403 Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D
404 Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
405 Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
406 Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
407 Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
408 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
409 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
415 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
417 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
418 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
419 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
420 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
421 # also a Friday. Include only the time zone part of this transition,
422 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
423 # the Julian calendar.
425 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
426 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
427 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
428 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) However, there
429 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
430 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
432 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
433 # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
434 # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
435 # "Welcome to Juneau. Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
436 # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
437 # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
439 # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
440 # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
441 # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
442 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
444 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
445 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
447 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
448 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
449 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
452 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
453 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
454 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
456 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
457 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
459 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
460 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
462 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
465 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
466 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
467 # Community office (using contact information available at
468 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
469 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
470 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
471 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
472 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
473 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
475 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
476 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
477 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
479 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
480 Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
481 -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
485 -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
486 -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
487 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
488 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
490 Zone America/Sitka 14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
491 -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
495 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
496 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
498 Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
499 -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
503 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
505 Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
506 -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
510 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
512 Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
513 -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
515 -10:00 US CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
516 -10:00 US CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
517 -10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
519 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
520 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
522 Zone America/Nome 12:58:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
523 -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
526 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
528 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
529 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
531 Zone America/Adak 12:13:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
532 -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
535 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
537 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
538 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
540 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
542 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
543 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
544 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
546 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
547 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
548 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
549 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
550 # possibly until 1983:
552 # Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
553 # "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
554 # location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
555 # made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
556 # resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
557 # Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
558 # January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
559 # three votes for and one against."
563 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
564 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
565 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
566 # the article is available at
567 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
568 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
569 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
570 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
571 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
572 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
573 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
574 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
575 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
576 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
577 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
578 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
580 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
581 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
582 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
583 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
584 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
585 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
586 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
587 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
588 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
589 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
590 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
591 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
592 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
593 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
595 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
596 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
598 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
599 Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00
600 -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
601 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00
602 -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 9 2:00
603 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
604 -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00
606 Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
608 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
610 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
612 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
614 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
615 # Daylight Saving Time web page
616 # <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
617 # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
618 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
619 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
620 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
621 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
622 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
623 # the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of
624 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
625 # mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
626 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
628 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
629 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
631 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
632 Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
633 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01
634 -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01
635 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 0:01
637 -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
639 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
640 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
641 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
642 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
643 # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
644 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
646 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
647 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
649 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
650 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
651 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
652 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
653 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
654 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
655 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
658 Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
659 -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
661 -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
666 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
667 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
669 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
670 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
671 # with the following exceptions:
673 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
674 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
676 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
678 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
679 # America/Kentucky/Louisville.
681 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
682 # and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
684 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
685 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
686 # Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
687 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
689 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
690 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
691 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
693 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
694 # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
695 # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
696 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
697 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
698 # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
699 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
700 # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
701 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error. The intent
702 # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
704 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
705 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
706 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
707 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
709 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
710 Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
711 Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
712 Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
713 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
714 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
716 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
718 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
719 -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
720 -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
726 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
727 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
728 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
729 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
730 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
731 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
732 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
733 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
734 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
736 -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
738 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
739 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
744 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
745 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
747 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
748 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
749 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
750 Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
751 Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
752 Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
753 Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
754 Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
755 Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
756 Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
757 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
758 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
760 -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
763 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
764 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
767 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
768 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
769 Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
770 Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
771 Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
772 Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
773 Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
774 Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
775 Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
776 Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
777 Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
778 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
779 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
781 -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
784 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
787 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
788 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
789 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
790 Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
791 Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
792 Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
793 Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
794 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
795 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
797 -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
798 -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
799 -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
800 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
801 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
804 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
805 # then switched back in 2006.
806 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
807 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
808 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
810 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
811 Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
812 Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
813 Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
814 Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
815 Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
816 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
817 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
819 -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
820 -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
821 -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
822 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
825 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
826 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
827 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
828 Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
829 Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
830 Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
831 Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
832 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
833 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
835 -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
838 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
839 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
842 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
843 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
844 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
845 -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
851 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
852 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
853 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
854 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
855 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
856 Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
857 Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
858 Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
859 Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
860 Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
861 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
862 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
864 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
866 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
868 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
869 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
872 # Wayne County, Kentucky
874 # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
875 # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
876 # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
877 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
878 # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
879 # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
880 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
881 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
882 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
883 # location in the Central time zone.
885 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
886 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
887 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
888 # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley,
889 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
891 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
892 # The final rule was published in the
893 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
894 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
896 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
899 -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
903 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
904 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
905 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
906 # previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
907 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
908 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
909 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
910 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
912 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
913 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
914 # so omit that change for now.
915 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
916 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
917 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
918 # 1999-10-31. See the
919 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
920 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
921 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
922 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
923 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
927 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
928 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
930 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
931 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
932 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
935 # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
936 # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
937 # city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
938 # was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
939 # erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
940 # Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
943 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
945 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
946 # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
947 # one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
948 # info, so omit this for now.
950 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
951 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
952 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
953 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
954 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Jun 14 2:00 1:00 D
955 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
956 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
957 Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
958 -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
961 -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
963 -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
966 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
967 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
968 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
969 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
970 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
971 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
972 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
973 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
974 Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
976 -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
977 -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
981 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
982 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
983 # also claimed by Haiti
984 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
985 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
986 # currently uninhabited
987 # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
988 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
989 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
991 ################################################################################
994 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
996 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
997 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
998 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
999 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1001 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1002 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1003 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1004 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
1005 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
1006 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1008 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1010 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1011 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1012 # which I found in the UCLA library.
1014 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1015 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
1018 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1019 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1021 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1025 # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1026 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1027 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1029 # UTC Standard time Daylight saving time
1030 # offset French English French English
1034 # -4 HNA AST HAE EDT
1035 # -5 HNE EST HAC CDT
1036 # -6 HNC CST HAR MDT
1037 # -7 HNR MST HAP PDT
1038 # -8 HNP PST HAY YDT
1041 # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
1042 # HA: Heure Avancée DT: Daylight saving Time
1044 # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
1045 # C: du Centre Central
1046 # E: de l'Est Eastern
1049 # P: du Pacifique Pacific
1054 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1055 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1057 # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1060 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1062 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1063 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1064 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1065 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1068 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1069 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1071 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1072 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1073 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1075 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1076 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1077 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1079 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1080 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1081 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1082 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1084 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1085 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1087 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1088 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1091 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1093 # N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site
1094 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the
1095 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the
1096 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1098 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1101 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1102 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1104 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
1105 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1106 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1107 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
1108 # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1109 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1111 # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
1112 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
1113 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
1114 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1116 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1117 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1120 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1121 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1122 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1123 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1124 # The quote includes these two statements:
1125 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1126 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1127 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1128 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918. This transition was
1129 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1131 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1132 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1133 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1135 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1136 Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1137 Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1138 Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1139 Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1140 Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1141 Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1142 Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1143 Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1144 Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1145 Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1148 # Newfoundland and Labrador
1150 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1151 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1152 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1153 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1154 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1156 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1157 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
1158 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1159 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1160 Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
1161 Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
1162 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1163 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
1164 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
1165 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1167 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D
1168 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S
1169 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1170 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1171 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1172 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1173 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1174 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1175 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1176 Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1177 Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1178 Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1179 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1180 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1181 # at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987.
1183 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1184 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1185 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1186 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1187 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1188 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1190 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1192 # MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1193 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1195 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1197 Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1198 Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1199 Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD
1200 Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1201 Rule StJohns 2007 2011 - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D
1202 Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
1204 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1205 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1206 Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
1207 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
1208 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1209 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
1210 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1211 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1212 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 2011 Nov
1215 # most of east Labrador
1217 # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
1218 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1219 Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1221 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1222 -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
1224 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1225 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1226 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
1227 -4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov
1231 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1233 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1234 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1235 # Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1236 # Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
1237 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1238 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1241 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1242 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1243 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1244 Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
1245 Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
1246 Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1247 Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1248 Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1249 Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1250 Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1251 Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1252 Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
1253 Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
1254 Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1255 Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1256 Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1257 Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1258 Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1259 Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1260 Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1261 Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1262 Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1263 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1264 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
1265 Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1266 Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1267 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
1268 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1269 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1270 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1271 Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1272 Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1273 Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
1274 Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1275 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1276 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1277 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1278 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1279 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1280 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1281 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1282 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1283 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1284 Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1285 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
1286 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
1287 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1288 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1289 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1291 Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1292 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
1293 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
1295 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1300 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1301 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1302 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1303 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1304 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1305 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1307 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1308 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
1309 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
1310 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
1311 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
1312 Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D
1313 Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S
1314 Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D
1315 Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D
1316 Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1317 Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1318 Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1319 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1320 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1321 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1322 Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
1323 -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
1324 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
1325 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942
1326 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1327 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973
1328 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993
1329 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007
1334 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-30):
1335 # Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto.
1336 # However, because earlier versions of the tz database mistakenly relied on data
1337 # from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec differed from Ontario after 1970,
1338 # a separate entry was created for most of Quebec. We're loath to lose
1339 # its pre-1970 info, even though the tz database is normally limited to
1340 # zones that differ after 1970, so keep this otherwise out-of-scope entry.
1342 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1343 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1344 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1345 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1346 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1347 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1348 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1349 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1350 # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1351 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1352 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1353 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1355 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1356 Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
1357 Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
1358 Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
1359 Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S
1360 Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D
1361 Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S
1362 Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1363 Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
1364 Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D
1365 Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S
1366 Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1367 Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D
1368 Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S
1369 Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1370 Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1371 Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1372 Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1373 Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1374 Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1375 Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1378 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
1379 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
1381 Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
1382 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918
1383 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1384 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1385 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1386 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974
1391 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1392 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1394 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1395 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1396 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1397 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1399 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1400 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1401 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1402 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1403 # have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1404 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1405 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1406 # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1407 # presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1410 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1412 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1413 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1414 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1415 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1416 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1417 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
1418 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1419 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1420 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1422 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1423 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1424 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1425 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1426 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1428 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1429 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1430 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1432 # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1433 # This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1434 # the other half on eastern time.
1436 # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1438 # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1439 # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1440 # said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
1442 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1443 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1445 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1446 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1447 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1448 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1449 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1451 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1452 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1453 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1454 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
1455 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1456 # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1457 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1458 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1460 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1462 # Currently the database has:
1466 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1467 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1469 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1470 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1471 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1473 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1474 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1475 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1477 # The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1478 # except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1480 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1482 # I only came across this incidentally. I don't know if Windsor began
1483 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1485 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1487 # Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1488 # three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1490 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1492 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1493 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1494 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1496 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1498 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1500 # A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1501 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1502 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1503 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1504 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1505 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1507 # Province Daylight saving time used
1508 # Prince Edward Island Not used.
1509 # Nova Scotia In Halifax only.
1510 # New Brunswick In St. John only.
1511 # Quebec In the following places:
1515 # St. Lambert Cap de la Madelèine
1516 # Verdun Loretteville
1517 # Westmount Richmond
1518 # Outremont St. Jérôme
1519 # Longueuil Greenfield Park
1521 # Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
1522 # Melbourne La Tuque
1523 # St. Théophile Buckingham
1524 # Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
1525 # the southerly part of the province. Not
1526 # used in the northwesterly part.
1527 # Manitoba Not used.
1528 # Saskatchewan In Regina only.
1530 # British Columbia Not used.
1532 # With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1533 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1535 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1536 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
1537 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
1538 Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
1539 Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1540 Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D
1541 Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S
1542 Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1543 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1545 Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
1546 Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1547 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1548 # Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
1549 # Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
1550 # Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1551 # Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1552 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1553 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1554 Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1555 Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1556 Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1557 Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1558 Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1559 Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1560 Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1561 Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1562 Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1563 Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1564 Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S
1565 Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1566 Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
1567 Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1568 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1569 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1570 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1571 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1572 Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1574 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1575 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1576 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1577 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1578 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1580 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1581 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1582 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1583 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1584 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1585 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1586 # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
1587 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1588 # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
1589 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1590 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1592 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1593 Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
1594 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1595 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1596 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1597 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
1599 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
1602 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
1603 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1973
1606 Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
1607 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
1608 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1610 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
1611 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1612 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1614 Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
1615 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1616 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1617 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
1623 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1624 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1625 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1626 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1627 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1628 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1629 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1630 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1631 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1632 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1633 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1634 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1635 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1637 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1638 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1639 # starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1640 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1642 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1643 Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
1644 Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
1645 Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1646 Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1647 Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
1648 Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
1649 Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1650 Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1651 Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1652 Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
1653 Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1654 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1655 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1656 Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1657 Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1658 Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1659 Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1660 Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1661 Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1662 Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1663 Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
1664 Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
1665 Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
1666 Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
1667 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1668 Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
1669 -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
1675 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1676 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1677 # level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1678 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1679 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1680 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1681 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1682 # the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1685 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1686 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1687 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1689 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1690 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1691 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1692 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1693 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1694 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1696 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1697 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1698 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1699 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1700 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1702 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1703 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1704 # their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
1705 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1707 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1708 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1709 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1710 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1711 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1712 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1713 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1715 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1716 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1717 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1718 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1719 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1720 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1722 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1723 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1724 # long and rather painful to read.
1725 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1727 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1728 Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1729 Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1730 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1731 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1732 Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1733 Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1734 Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1735 Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1736 Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1737 Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1738 Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1739 Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1740 Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
1741 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1742 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1743 Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1744 Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1746 Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1747 Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1748 Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1749 Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1750 Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1751 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1752 Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
1753 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
1755 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
1756 -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
1757 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
1758 -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
1764 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1765 Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1766 Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1767 Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
1768 Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1769 Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1770 Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1771 Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1772 Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1773 Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1774 Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1775 Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1776 Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1777 Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1778 Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1779 Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1780 Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1781 Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1782 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1783 Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
1790 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1791 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1792 # been like Vancouver.
1793 # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1794 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1796 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1798 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1799 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1800 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1801 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1802 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1803 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1805 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1806 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1807 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1808 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1809 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1810 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
1811 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1813 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1814 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1815 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
1816 # as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
1817 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
1818 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1819 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1821 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1822 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1823 # Exact date unknown
1824 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1825 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1826 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1827 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1829 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1830 # Creston did not change its clocks.
1832 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1833 # Creston did not oblige.
1835 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1837 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
1838 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
1840 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1841 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1842 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1843 # the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1844 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1845 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1847 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1849 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1850 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1851 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1852 Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1853 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1854 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1855 Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1856 Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1857 Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1858 Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1859 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1860 Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
1861 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
1863 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
1864 -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
1865 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
1867 Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
1868 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
1869 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
1872 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1874 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1875 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1876 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1877 # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1878 # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9. This is still valid;
1879 # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1880 # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1881 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1882 # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1883 # Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
1885 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1886 # Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
1887 # act which was last updated in 1987:
1888 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
1890 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1891 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
1892 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1893 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
1895 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1896 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1897 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1899 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1900 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
1901 # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
1902 # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
1903 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
1904 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
1906 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1907 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
1908 # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
1910 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
1912 # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
1913 # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
1915 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
1917 # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
1919 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
1920 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
1921 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
1922 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
1923 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
1924 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
1925 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
1926 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
1927 # the current state of affairs.
1929 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
1930 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
1931 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
1932 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
1933 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
1934 # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
1935 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
1937 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1938 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
1939 # for these potential new Zones.
1941 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
1942 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
1943 # zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
1944 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
1945 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
1946 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
1947 # required to use daylight savings.
1949 # From <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
1950 # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
1951 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
1952 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
1953 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
1954 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
1955 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
1956 # the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on
1957 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
1958 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
1959 # unified time zone in 1999.
1961 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
1962 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
1964 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1965 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
1967 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
1968 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
1969 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
1970 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the
1971 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
1972 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm
1973 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
1975 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
1977 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
1979 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
1980 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
1981 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
1982 # round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
1983 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
1984 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
1985 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
1987 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
1988 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
1989 # daylight saving only during wartime. Gwillim Law's email also
1990 # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
1991 # see above for an up-to-date link.
1993 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
1994 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
1995 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
1996 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
1997 # daylight saving....
1998 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2000 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2001 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2002 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2003 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2004 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2006 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2007 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2009 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2010 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2011 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2012 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2013 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2014 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2015 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2016 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2017 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2019 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2020 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2021 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2022 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2023 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2024 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2025 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2027 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2028 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2029 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2030 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2031 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2032 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2034 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2035 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2036 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2037 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2038 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2040 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2042 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2043 # Eastern Standard Time.
2045 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2046 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2047 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2048 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2050 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2052 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2053 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2054 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2055 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2057 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2058 # never have contacted her. I now believe that all the information I
2059 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2060 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2062 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2063 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
2064 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
2065 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
2066 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
2067 Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
2068 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
2069 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2070 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
2071 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2072 Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2073 Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2074 Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2075 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2077 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - zzz 1921 # trading post est.
2078 -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
2079 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2080 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2082 # formerly Frobisher Bay
2083 Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - zzz 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2084 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2085 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2088 Zone America/Resolute 0 - zzz 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2089 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2090 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2091 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
2092 -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00
2095 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - zzz 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2096 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2097 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2099 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2100 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - zzz 1920 # trading post est.?
2101 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2102 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2103 -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
2104 -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2106 Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - zzz 1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2107 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2109 Zone America/Inuvik 0 - zzz 1953 # Inuvik founded
2110 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
2111 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2113 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2114 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00
2115 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2117 Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2118 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
2119 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2123 ###############################################################################
2127 # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
2128 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2129 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2130 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2131 # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
2133 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2134 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2135 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2136 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2137 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2138 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2140 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2141 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2142 # tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2143 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2144 # the relevant documents.
2146 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2147 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2148 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2150 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2152 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2153 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2155 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2156 # - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2157 # - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2158 # - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2160 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2161 # at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2166 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2171 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2173 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2174 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2175 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2176 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2177 # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2179 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2180 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2181 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2183 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2184 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2185 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2186 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2187 # Arizona year round.
2189 # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2190 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2191 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2192 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2193 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2196 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2197 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2199 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2200 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2202 # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2203 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2204 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2206 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2207 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2208 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2209 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2210 # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2211 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2212 # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2213 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2215 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2216 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
2217 # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2218 # and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2220 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2222 # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
2223 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2224 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2225 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2226 # the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2227 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2228 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2229 # the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2231 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2233 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2234 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2235 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2236 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2237 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2238 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2239 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2240 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2241 # September 30, 2001.
2242 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2243 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2245 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2246 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2247 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2248 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2249 # next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2250 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2251 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2252 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2254 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2255 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2256 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2257 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2258 # confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2260 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2262 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2263 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2264 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2265 # > the United States.
2266 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2267 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2268 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2269 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2272 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2273 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2274 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2276 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2277 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2280 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2282 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2284 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2285 # includes this text:
2286 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2287 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2288 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2289 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2290 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2291 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2292 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2293 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2294 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2295 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2296 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2297 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2298 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2300 # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
2301 # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
2303 # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
2304 # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
2305 # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
2306 # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
2307 # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
2308 # zone along with the rest of the country."
2310 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
2311 # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
2312 # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
2313 # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
2316 # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
2318 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2319 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
2320 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
2321 Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
2322 Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
2323 Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War
2324 Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
2325 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
2326 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
2327 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2328 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2329 Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2330 Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
2331 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2332 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2333 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2334 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
2335 Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
2336 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2337 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
2338 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2015 Feb 1 2:00
2340 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2341 Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
2342 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2343 -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
2345 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2346 Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2349 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
2351 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2352 Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2357 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
2358 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2359 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2360 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2361 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2362 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2363 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 2:00
2364 -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
2366 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2367 Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
2368 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2369 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2370 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2371 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2372 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2374 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2375 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2376 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010
2378 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2379 Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2380 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2381 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2382 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2383 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2384 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2386 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2387 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2390 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2391 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2392 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2393 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2394 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2395 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2396 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2397 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2399 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
2402 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2403 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2404 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2405 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2408 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2409 # país, a partir de este domingo
2410 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2412 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2414 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
2417 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2418 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2419 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2421 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2422 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2424 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2426 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2427 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2430 Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2431 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2432 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2433 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2434 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2435 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2436 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2437 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2442 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2443 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2444 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2445 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2446 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2447 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2448 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2449 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2451 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
2454 # Baja California (near US border)
2455 Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
2457 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2458 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2459 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2460 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2461 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2462 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2463 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2464 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2465 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2470 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2471 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2472 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010
2474 # Baja California (away from US border)
2475 Zone America/Santa_Isabel -7:39:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:20:32
2477 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2478 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2479 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2480 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2481 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2482 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2483 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2484 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2485 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2490 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2491 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2493 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2494 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2495 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2496 # through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
2497 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
2498 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2499 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2500 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
2501 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2502 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2503 # name or contents should be.
2508 ###############################################################################
2511 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2513 # Antigua and Barbuda
2514 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2515 Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2521 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2523 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2524 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2525 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2526 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2528 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2529 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2530 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2531 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2532 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2533 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
2538 # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
2540 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2541 Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
2542 Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
2543 Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
2544 Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2545 Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
2546 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2547 Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
2548 -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2552 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2553 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2554 Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD
2555 Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
2556 Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D
2557 Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
2558 Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D
2559 Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S
2560 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2561 Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
2566 # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
2567 # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
2569 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2571 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2572 # in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone
2573 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2574 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2575 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2578 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
2579 -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2580 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
2584 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2585 Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
2586 -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2591 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
2593 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2594 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2595 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2596 Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2597 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2598 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2599 Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
2600 Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
2601 # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2602 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2603 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
2604 -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
2607 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2611 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2612 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2613 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2614 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2616 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2617 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2618 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2619 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2620 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2621 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2622 # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2623 # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2624 # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
2625 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2627 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2628 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2629 # years before. The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2630 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2632 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2633 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2634 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2635 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2636 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2637 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2638 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2639 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2641 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2642 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2643 # adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
2644 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2646 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2647 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2648 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2649 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2650 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2651 # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
2652 # to the normal schedule....
2654 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2655 # <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
2656 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2657 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2658 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2660 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2661 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2662 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2664 # He supplied these references:
2666 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2667 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2669 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
2670 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2672 # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
2673 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2675 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2677 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2678 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2679 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2680 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2681 # a Cuban information station, and heard
2682 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2683 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2685 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2686 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2687 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2688 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2690 # Some more background information is posted here:
2691 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2693 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2694 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2695 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2696 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2697 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2698 # change some historic records as well.
2701 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2703 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2704 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2705 # web site, the Granma. Please check out
2706 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2708 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
2709 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2711 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2712 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2714 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2715 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2716 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2717 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2719 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2722 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2723 # I listened over the Internet to
2724 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2725 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2726 # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
2727 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2729 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2730 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2731 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2735 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2738 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2740 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2741 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2742 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2744 # One source (Spanish)
2745 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
2748 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
2750 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2751 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2754 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
2755 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
2758 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
2760 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
2761 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
2762 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
2763 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
2764 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
2765 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
2767 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2768 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
2769 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
2770 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2771 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2772 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2773 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2774 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
2775 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
2776 Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
2777 Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
2778 Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
2779 Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2780 Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
2781 Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2782 Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2783 Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
2784 Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2785 Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
2786 Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2787 Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2788 Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
2789 Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
2790 Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2791 Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
2792 Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
2793 Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
2794 Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
2795 Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2796 Rule Cuba 2000 2003 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
2797 Rule Cuba 2004 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
2798 Rule Cuba 2006 2010 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2799 Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2800 Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2801 Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2802 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2803 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Nov 13 0:00s 0 S
2804 Rule Cuba 2012 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 D
2805 Rule Cuba 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S
2806 Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2808 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2809 Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
2810 -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2814 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2816 # Dominican Republic
2818 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2819 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2820 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2821 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2823 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2824 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2826 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2827 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2828 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2829 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2830 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they
2831 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2832 # to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2833 # decided to revert.
2836 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2837 Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D
2838 Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S
2839 Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
2840 Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 S
2841 Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 S
2842 Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S
2843 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2844 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
2845 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2846 -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27
2847 -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2848 -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 1:00
2853 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2854 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2855 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
2856 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2857 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
2858 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2859 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
2865 # St Martin (French part)
2866 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2870 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2871 # Diario Co Latino, at
2872 # <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
2873 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2874 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2875 # impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
2876 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2877 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2878 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2879 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
2880 # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
2882 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2883 Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
2884 Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
2885 Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
2886 Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
2887 Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
2888 Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
2889 Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
2890 Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
2891 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2892 Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
2896 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
2897 # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
2898 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
2899 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
2900 # <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>. Translated from French, it says:
2902 # "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
2903 # and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
2904 # Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
2905 # provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
2906 # Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
2908 # "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
2909 # the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
2910 # starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
2913 # "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
2915 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
2916 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
2917 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
2918 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
2919 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
2921 # I have found this article about it (in French):
2922 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
2924 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
2926 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
2927 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
2929 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
2930 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
2931 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
2932 # So this means they have already changed their time.
2934 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
2935 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
2937 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
2938 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
2939 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
2940 # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
2942 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
2943 # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
2944 # as US/Canada. They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
2945 # are going to observe DST every year now...
2947 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
2948 # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
2950 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2951 Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
2952 Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2953 Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2954 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
2956 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
2957 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
2958 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2959 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2960 Rule Haiti 2012 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
2961 Rule Haiti 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
2962 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2963 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
2964 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
2968 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
2970 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
2971 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
2972 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
2973 # months until September. La Tribuna reported today
2974 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
2975 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
2977 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
2978 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
2979 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
2980 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
2982 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
2983 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
2984 # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
2985 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
2987 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2988 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
2989 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
2990 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
2992 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
2993 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
2994 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
2996 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2997 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2998 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
2999 Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3000 Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
3001 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3002 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
3005 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3008 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3009 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3010 # island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3012 # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
3013 # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
3014 # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US. Neita also writes that
3015 # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
3016 # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
3017 # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
3018 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See:
3019 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
3020 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
3022 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3023 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
3024 -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3030 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3031 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
3032 -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
3033 -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
3034 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
3038 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3042 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3044 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3045 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3046 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3047 # expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet
3048 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3049 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3050 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3051 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3052 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3054 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3055 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3056 # assume that it is daylight saving....
3058 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3059 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3060 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3061 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3062 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3063 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3064 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3065 # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3066 # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3067 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3069 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3070 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3071 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3074 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3075 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3076 # (my informal translation)
3077 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3078 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3079 # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3081 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3082 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3083 # My informal translation runs:
3084 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3085 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3087 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3088 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
3089 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
3090 Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
3091 Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
3092 Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
3093 Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
3094 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3095 Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
3096 -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3097 -6:00 - CST 1973 May
3098 -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
3099 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
3100 -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
3106 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3107 Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
3108 -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3112 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3114 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3115 -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
3121 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3123 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3124 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3125 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3126 Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3127 -4:00 - AST 1980 May
3128 -3:00 - PMST 1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
3131 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3132 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3136 # From Chris Dunn in
3137 # http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
3138 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3139 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3140 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3142 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3143 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3144 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3145 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3146 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3147 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3148 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3150 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
3151 # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round. See:
3152 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
3153 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
3154 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
3155 # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
3156 # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
3157 # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
3159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3160 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
3161 -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3163 -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
3168 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
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