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4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
6 <!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
8 <!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
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11 <!ENTITY errata SYSTEM "../../share/xml/errata.xml">
13 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
14 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
17 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
20 <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
23 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
25 <!-- Last rev: 284814 -->
29 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
33 <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
43 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
44 a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
45 &release.branch; development line. This document lists
46 applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
47 release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
48 userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
53 <sect1 xml:id="intro">
54 <title>Introduction</title>
56 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
57 &release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or
58 deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on
59 upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
61 <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
62 which these release notes apply represents the latest point
63 along the &release.branch; development branch since
64 &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built,
65 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
67 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
69 <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
70 which these release notes apply represents a point along the
71 &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
72 the future &release.next;. Information regarding pre-built,
73 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
75 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
77 <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
78 &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be
79 found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
80 any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or
81 other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
83 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
84 &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
85 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
86 Handbook</link>.</para>
88 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
89 before installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
90 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
91 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
92 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
93 to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
94 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
96 <para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
97 features in &os; since &release.prev;. In general, changes
98 described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
99 specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
101 <para>Typical release note items document recent security
102 advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
103 support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
104 contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to
105 major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly
106 the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
107 between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
108 advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
112 <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
113 <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
115 <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
116 (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
117 using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade
118 procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
119 unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
120 &os; release. The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
121 the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
123 <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
124 base system from source code) from previous versions are
125 supported, according to the instructions in
126 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
129 <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
130 <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
134 <sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
135 <title>Security and Errata</title>
137 <para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
138 Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
140 <sect2 xml:id="security">
141 <title>Security Advisories</title>
146 <sect2 xml:id="errata">
147 <title>Errata Notices</title>
153 <sect1 xml:id="userland">
154 <title>Userland</title>
156 <para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
157 applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
159 <sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
160 <title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
162 <para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
163 includes files in the
164 <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
165 <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
166 directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
168 <para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
169 updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
170 <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
171 defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
174 <para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
175 &man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
178 <sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
179 <title>Userland Application Changes</title>
181 <para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
182 &google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
183 added, which provides access to functionality that is not
184 available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
187 <para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
188 &man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
189 &man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
190 <quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
192 <para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
193 devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
194 their device name instead of just the selector. Additionally,
195 an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
196 to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
199 <para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
200 has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. This allows
201 the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
202 device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
203 to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
205 <para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
206 devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
208 <para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
209 network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
212 <para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
213 updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
214 filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
215 Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
216 <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
219 <para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
220 to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
221 &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
223 <para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
224 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
225 ends event collection after the specified number of
228 <para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
229 to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
230 displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
233 <para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
234 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
236 <para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
237 updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
238 <literal>4295098369</literal> and
239 <literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
240 change, it would be possible for returned values to be
241 incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
243 <para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
244 updated to include three options used to print information
245 about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
247 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
249 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
250 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
253 <entry>Option</entry>
254 <entry>Output</entry>
260 <entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
261 <entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
266 <entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
267 <entry>The disk image file formats supported by
268 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
272 <entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
273 <entry>The partition schemes supported by
274 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
280 <para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
281 &man.dtrace.1; has been added. With this change,
282 &man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
283 <acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
286 <para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
287 updated to support capability mode provided by
288 &man.capsicum.4;.</para>
290 <para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
291 &man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
292 determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
294 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
295 has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
296 additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
298 <para revision="276893" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
299 &man.mkimg.1; utility has been updated to support the
300 <acronym>MBR</acronym> <acronym>EFI</acronym> partition
303 <para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
304 call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
305 &os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
307 <para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
308 &man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
309 administrative changes to individual devices, such as
310 attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
311 devices. The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
312 &man.devctl.3; library.</para>
314 <para revision="279122" contrib="sponsor"
315 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.netstat.1; utility has been
316 updated to link against the &man.libxo.3; shared
319 <para revision="279139">A new flag, <literal>-c</literal>, has
320 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility, which allows
321 specifying the capacity of the target disk image.</para>
323 <para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
324 &man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
326 <para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
327 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
328 been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
329 a previous upgrade has not been thoroughly completed.</para>
331 <para revision="280870">A regression in the &man.libarchive.3;
332 library that would prevent a directory from being included in
333 the archive when <literal>--one-file-system</literal> is used
334 has been fixed.</para>
336 <para revision="281311" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
337 &man.ar.1; utility has been updated to set
338 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS</literal> and
339 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT</literal> to disallow
340 directory traversal when extracting an archive, similar to
343 <para revision="281617">A race condition in &man.wc.1; that
344 would cause final results to be sent to &man.stderr.4; when
345 receiving the <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal has been
348 <para revision="282208" contrib="sponsor"
349 sponsor="&multiplay;">The &man.chflags.1;, &man.chgrp.1;,
350 &man.chmod.1;, and &man.chown.8; utilities now affect symbolic
351 links when the <literal>-R</literal> flag is specified, as
352 documented in &man.symlink.7;.</para>
354 <para revision="282608">The &man.date.1; utility has been
355 updated to print the modification time of the file passed as
356 an argument to the <literal>-r</literal> flag, improving
357 compatibility with the <acronym>GNU</acronym> &man.date.1;
358 utility behavior.</para>
360 <para revision="283961">The &man.pw.8; utility has been updated
361 with a new flag, <literal>-R</literal>, that sets the root
362 directory within which the utility will operate.</para>
364 <para revision="284297" contrib="sponsor"
365 sponsor="&clusterhq;">The &man.lockstat.1; utility has been
366 updated with several improvements:</para>
370 <para>Spin locks are now reported as the amount of time
371 spinning, instead of loop iterations.</para>
375 <para>Reader locks are now recognized as adaptive that can
380 <para>Lock aquisition events for successful reader try-lock
381 events are now reported.</para>
385 <para>Spin and block events are now reported before lock
386 acquisition events.</para>
390 <para revision="284589" contrib="sponsor"
391 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.fstyp.8; utility has been
392 updated to be able to detect &man.zfs.8; and &man.geli.8;
395 <para revision="285550">The &man.w.1; utility has been updated
396 to display the full IPv6 remote address of the host from which
397 a user is connected.</para>
400 <sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
401 <title>Contributed Software</title>
403 <para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
404 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
405 upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
407 <para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
408 version 20140101.</para>
410 <para revision="261071">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
411 version 3.5.0.</para>
413 <para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
414 been updated to version 3.4.</para>
416 <para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
417 been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
419 <para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
420 been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
422 <para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
423 <application>Clang</application> have been updated to
426 <para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
427 suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
428 patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
431 <para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
432 <application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
433 upstream revision r3136.</para>
435 <para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
436 utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
437 the base system. The <filename
438 role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
439 installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
442 <para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
443 object manipulation tools
444 <application>addr2line</application>,
445 <application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
446 <application>nm</application>,
447 <application>readelf</application>,
448 <application>size</application>, and
449 <application>strings</application> were switched to the
450 versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
452 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
453 has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
454 adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
457 <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
458 to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
460 <para revision="280932" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
461 <application>elftoolchain</application> utilities have been
462 updated to version 3179.</para>
464 <para revision="281316">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
465 to version 5.2.1.</para>
467 <para revision="281373">The &man.nvi.1; utility has been updated
468 to version 2.1.3.</para>
470 <para revision="281806">The &man.wpa.supplicant.8; and
471 &man.hostapd.8; utilities have been updated to version
474 <para revision="282089">The &man.unbound.8; utility has been
475 updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
477 <para revision="282434" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
478 &man.resolvconf.8; utility has been updated to version
481 <para revision="282613">The &man.nc.1; utility has been updated
482 to the OpenBSD 5.7 version.</para>
484 <para revision="283092">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
485 updated to version 20150515.</para>
487 <para revision="284237">The &man.file.1; utility has been
488 updated to version 5.23.</para>
490 <para revision="284254"><application>bmake</application> has
491 been updated to version 20150606.</para>
493 <para revision="284397">Timezone data files have been updated to
494 version 2015e.</para>
496 <para revision="285229"><application>sendmail</application> has
497 been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with &os; 11.0 and
498 sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
499 default, i.e., they will not contain <quote>::</quote>. For
500 example, instead of <quote>::1</quote>, it will be
501 <quote>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1</quote>. This permits a zero subnet to
502 have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
503 IPv6:0:0 versus IPv6:0. This change requires that
504 configuration data (including maps, files, classes, custom
505 ruleset, etc.) must use the same format, so make certain such
506 configuration data is upgrading. As a very simple check
507 search for patterns like 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.
508 To return to the old behavior, set the m4 option
509 <literal>confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES</literal> or the cf
510 option <literal>UseCompressedIPv6Addresses</literal>.</para>
512 <para revision="285329"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
513 been updated to version 1.0.1p.</para>
515 <para revision="285642" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&dell;">The
516 &man.ssh.1; utility has been updated to re-implement hostname
517 canonicalization before locating the host in
518 <filename>known_hosts</filename>.</para>
521 <sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
522 <title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
524 <para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
525 and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
526 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
528 <para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
529 &man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
530 <literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
531 <literal>off</literal> for the <filename
532 class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
533 contents of directories within <filename
534 class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
535 using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
536 <filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
538 <para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
539 updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
540 <acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
541 in a virtual machine, determined when the
542 <literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
543 <literal>1</literal>.</para>
545 <para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
546 updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
547 when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
549 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
550 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
551 a workaround for various laptops and motherboards that do not
552 boot properly from <acronym>GPT</acronym>-partitioned disks
553 has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;. Additionally, the
554 <literal>active</literal> flag will be set on the partition
557 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
558 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for selecting the partitioning
559 scheme when installing on the <acronym>UFS</acronym>
560 filesystem has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
563 <sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
564 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
567 <para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
568 updated to allow configuring services in <filename
569 class="directory">${LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
570 If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
571 <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
573 <para revision="273955">A new &man.rc.8; script,
574 <filename>growfs</filename>, has been added, which will resize
575 the root filesystem on boot if <filename>/firstboot</filename>
578 <para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
579 &man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system. An
580 equivalent script is available from the <filename
581 role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
583 <para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
584 sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
585 <filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
586 automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
590 <sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
591 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
594 <para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
595 <filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
596 crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
597 <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
599 <para revision="277216" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
600 &man.periodic.8; script,
601 <filename>510.status-world-kernel</filename>, has been added,
602 which evaluates the running userland and kernel versions from
603 the &man.uname.1; <literal>-U</literal> and
604 <literal>-K</literal> arguments, and prints an error if the
605 system userland and kernel are not in sync.</para>
608 <sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
609 <title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
611 <para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
612 format has been changed to
613 <literal>$2b$</literal>.</para>
615 <para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
616 statically linked in software within the base system, and the
617 shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
618 Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
620 <para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
621 updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
622 features <literal>%U</literal> and
623 <literal>%W</literal>.</para>
625 <para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
626 sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
627 changed to always return the path name of the
628 <acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
629 <literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
631 <para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
632 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
633 imported to the base system.</para>
635 <para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
636 userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
637 has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
638 applications to work over compatible
639 <acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
641 <para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
642 providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
645 <para revision="275800" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
646 &man.procctl.2; system call has been updated to include
647 a facility for non-&man.init.8; processes to be declared as
648 the reaper of child processes and their decendants.</para>
650 <para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
651 <literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
652 added. See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
654 <para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
655 has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
656 allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
657 userland applications and libraries without also linking
658 against &man.elf.3;.</para>
660 <para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
661 updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
664 <para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
665 updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
666 platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
669 <para revision="281130">Several standard include headers have
670 been updated to use of <application>gcc</application>
671 attributes, such as <literal>__result_use_check()</literal>,
672 <literal>__alloc_size()</literal>, and
673 <literal>__nonnull()</literal>.</para>
675 <para revision="281845">Support for file verification in
676 <acronym>MAC</acronym> has been added.</para>
678 <para revision="282973" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
679 <literal>libgomp</literal> library is now only built when
680 building <acronym>GCC</acronym> from the base system. An
681 up-to-date version is available in the Ports Collection as
683 role="package">devel/libiomp5-devel</filename>.</para>
685 <para revision="282988">The <filename>stdlib.h</filename> and
686 <filename>malloc.h</filename> headers have been updated to
687 make use of the <application>gcc</application>
688 <literal>alloc_align()</literal> attribute.</para>
690 <para revision="284483" contrib="sponsor"
691 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; library
692 has been updated to support $2y$ hashes.</para>
695 <sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
696 <title>ABI Compatibility</title>
698 <para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
699 been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>. The
700 <literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
701 evaluated when building the <filename
702 role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
707 <sect1 xml:id="kernel">
708 <title>Kernel</title>
710 <para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
711 tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
714 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
715 <title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
717 <para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
718 functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
719 &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
720 Boost ™ enabled has been fixed.</para>
722 <para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
723 &man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
724 &os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
725 and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
726 checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
728 <para revision="271917">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
729 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gif.4; has
732 <para revision="271918">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
733 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gre.4; has
736 <para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
737 potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
738 at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
740 <para revision="280930" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&mitail;">The
741 kernel <acronym>RPC</acronym> has been updated to include
742 several enhancements:</para>
746 <para>The 45 MiB limit on requests queued for
747 &man.nfsd.8; threads has been removed.</para>
751 <para>Avoids unnecessary throttling by not deferring
752 accounting for completed requests.</para>
756 <para>Fixes an integer overflow and signedness bugs.</para>
760 <para revision="281261" arch="powerpc">Support for
761 &man.dtrace.1; has been added for the
762 Book-E ™.</para>
765 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
766 <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
768 <para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
769 kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
770 which enables application execution through emulators, such
771 as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
773 <para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
774 configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
775 driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
776 To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
777 at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
778 <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
779 reboot the system.</para>
781 <para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
782 updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
783 class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
784 argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
786 <para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
787 &os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
788 a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
789 loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
793 <para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
794 The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
798 <para revision="278338" arch="arm">A new module for creating
799 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> has been added for the Raspberry
802 <para revision="278340" arch="arm">The
803 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> module is now installed to
804 <filename class="directory">/boot/dtb/</filename> by
805 default for the Raspberry Pi system.</para>
807 <para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
808 arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
809 (<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
810 has been added.</para>
812 <para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
813 arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
814 &powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
817 <para revision="279824" arch="arm">A new module for creating
818 the <filename>dtb</filename> module for AM335x systems has
821 <para revision="281495" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
822 <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal> kernel configuration option has
823 been added for &os;/&arch.i386;, which instructs &man.pmap.9;
824 to use <acronym>PAE</acronym> format for page tables while
825 maintaining a 32-bit physical address size elsewhere in the
826 kernel. The use of this option can enhance application-level
827 security by enabling the creation of <quote>no execute</quote>
828 mappings on modern &arch.i386; processors. Unlike the
829 <literal>PAE</literal> option, <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>
830 preserves kernel binary interface (<acronym>KBI</acronym>)
831 compatibility with non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernels,
832 allowing non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernel modules and drivers
833 to work with a <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>-enabled kernel.
834 Additionally, system limits are tuned for 4GB maximum
835 <acronym>RAM</acronym>, avoiding kernel virtual address space
836 (<acronym>KVA</acronym>) exhaustion.</para>
838 <para revision="282215">The <literal>SIFTR</literal> kernel
839 configuration has been added, allowing building &man.siftr.4;
840 statically into the kernel.</para>
842 <para revision="282731" arch="arm">The &arch.arm; boot loader,
843 <filename>ubldr</filename>, is now relocatable. In addition,
844 <filename>ubldr.bin</filename> is now created during build
845 time, which is a stripped binary with an entry point of
846 <literal>0</literal>, providing the ability to specify the
847 load address by running <literal>go
848 ${loadaddr}</literal> in
849 <literal>u-boot</literal>.</para>
851 <para revision="282921" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&intelcorp;"
852 arch="amd64,i386">The &man.nvd.4; and &man.nvme.4; drivers are
853 now included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
854 configuration by default.</para>
856 <para revision="283959" contrib="sponsor"
857 sponsor="&limelight;">A new kernel configuration option,
858 <literal>EM_MULTIQUEUE</literal>, has been added which enables
859 multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver.</para>
862 <para>Multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver is not
863 officially supported by &intel;.</para>
867 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
868 <title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
870 <para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
871 &man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
872 increased. The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
873 the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
875 <para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
876 and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
877 &man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
879 <para revision="280308,280949" contrib="sponsor"
880 sponsor="&ix;, &ff;">The &man.devfs.5; device filesystem has
881 been changed to update timestamps for read/write operations
882 using seconds precision. A new &man.sysctl.8;,
883 <literal>vfs.devfs.dotimes</literal> has been added, which
884 when set to a non-zero value, enables default precision
885 timestamps for these operations.</para>
887 <para revision="282213" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
888 &man.sysctl.8;, <literal>kern.racct.enable</literal>, has been
889 added, which when set to a non-zero value allows using
890 &man.rctl.8; with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
891 A new kernel configuration option,
892 <literal>RACCT_DISABLED</literal> has also been added.</para>
894 <para revision="282901" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
895 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration now includes
896 <literal>RACCT</literal> and <literal>RCTL</literal> by
900 <para>To enable <literal>RACCT</literal> and
901 <literal>RCTL</literal> on a system using the
902 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration, add
903 <literal>kern.racct.enable=1</literal> to
904 &man.loader.conf.5;, and reboot the system.</para>
907 <para revision="283136" contrib="sponsor"
908 sponsor="&limelight;">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
909 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache.purgenow</literal>, has
910 been added, which when set to <literal>1</literal> during
911 runtime will flush all
912 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache</literal> entries.</para>
916 <sect1 xml:id="drivers">
917 <title>Devices and Drivers</title>
919 <para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
920 device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
922 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
923 <title>Device Drivers</title>
925 <para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
928 <para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
929 and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
930 Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
931 only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
932 returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts. As
933 this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
934 has been added.</para>
936 <para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
937 added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
938 support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
941 <para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
942 replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
943 &man.sysctl.8; with individual
944 <literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
946 <para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
948 <filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
949 device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
952 <para revision="280183">The <literal>drm</literal> code has
953 been updated to match &linux; version 3.8.13.</para>
955 <para revision="281440">The &man.psm.4; driver has been updated
956 to include improved support for newer Synaptics ®
957 touchpads and the ClickPad ® mouse on newer
958 Lenovo ™ laptops.</para>
960 <para revision="282783" arch="powerpc">Support for the Freescale
961 <acronym>PCI</acronym> Root Complex device has been
965 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
966 <title>Storage Drivers</title>
968 <para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
969 sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
970 device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
971 3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
973 <para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
974 sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
975 providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers. The
976 &man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
977 To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
978 <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
979 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
980 &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
983 <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
984 version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
985 <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
986 &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
989 <para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
990 &man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
991 limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
992 and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
993 to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
995 <para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
996 been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
998 <para revision="281387">The &man.hptnr.4; driver has been
999 updated to version 1.1.1.</para>
1002 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
1003 <title>Network Drivers</title>
1005 <para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
1006 BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
1009 <para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1010 Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
1012 <para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino™
1013 Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
1016 <para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
1017 removed. Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
1018 advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
1019 the default driver for this hardware since
1020 &os; 7.0.</para>
1022 <para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
1023 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
1024 device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
1025 Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
1028 <para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
1029 the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
1033 <para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
1034 sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
1035 updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
1037 <para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1038 Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
1040 <para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
1041 sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
1042 5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
1044 <para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
1045 to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
1047 <para revision="272906">The &man.pfil.9; interface default hash
1048 has been changed from <literal>Jenkins</literal> to
1049 <literal>Murmur3</literal>, providing a 3-percent performance
1050 increase in packets-per-second.</para>
1052 <para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
1053 which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
1054 a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network. The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
1055 analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
1056 for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
1058 <para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
1059 &man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
1060 been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
1063 <para revision="278551">The &man.ral.4; driver has been updated
1064 to support the RT5390 and RT5392 chipsets.</para>
1066 <para revision="283514" contrib="sponsor"
1067 sponsor="&solarflare;">The &man.sfxge.4; driver has been
1068 updated to support Solarflare Flareon Ultra 7000-series
1071 <para revision="283766" contrib="sponsor"
1072 sponsor="&limelight;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
1073 with improved transmission queue hang detection.</para>
1075 <para revision="284125">The &man.cdce.4; driver has been updated
1076 to include support for the RTL8153 chipset.</para>
1080 <sect1 xml:id="hardware">
1081 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1083 <para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
1084 machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
1085 as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
1086 other sections of this document.</para>
1088 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
1089 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1091 <para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
1092 updated to support the &apple; MacMini 3,1.</para>
1094 <para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
1095 as of &os; 11.</para>
1097 <para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
1098 hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
1099 <literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
1100 <acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
1101 and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
1103 <para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
1104 subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
1105 certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
1106 PowerBook ®.</para>
1108 <para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1109 driver has been updated to correct performance counter
1110 sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
1112 <para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
1113 sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
1114 <application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
1115 updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
1116 <literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
1117 added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
1119 <para revision="281713" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1120 driver has been updated to support the Freescale e500
1123 <para revision="283766">The &man.ig4.4; driver has been added,
1124 providing support for the fourth generation &intel;
1125 <acronym>I2C</acronym> SMBus.</para>
1127 <para>The &man.uart.4; driver has been updated to support
1128 <acronym>AMT</acronym> devices on newer systems.</para>
1131 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
1132 <title>Virtualization Support</title>
1134 <para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
1135 Delivery</quote> feature of &intel; VT-x is enabled if
1136 supported by the CPU. This feature can be disabled by running
1137 <literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
1138 Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
1139 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
1140 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1142 <para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
1143 Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU. This
1144 feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
1145 hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>. Additionally, to
1146 persist this setting across reboots, add
1147 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
1148 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1150 <para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1151 &man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
1153 <para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1154 &man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
1156 <para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
1157 been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
1159 <para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
1162 <para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
1163 sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
1164 <application>Xen</application> guest instance as
1165 <acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
1166 <acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
1167 Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
1168 I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
1169 tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
1171 <para revision="273375">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1172 updated to support &amd; processors with
1173 <acronym>SVM</acronym> and <acronym>AMD-V</acronym> hardware
1176 <para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
1177 been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
1178 devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
1180 <para revision="279957">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1181 updated to support <literal>DSM TRIM</literal> commands for
1182 virtual <acronym>AHCI</acronym> disks.</para>
1184 <para revision="281439" arch="arm">Support for the
1185 <application>QEMU</application> <literal>virt</literal> system
1186 has been added.</para>
1188 <para revision="282212" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1189 Hyper-V™ drivers have been updated with several
1190 enhancements:</para>
1194 <para>The &man.hv.vmbus.4; driver now has multi-channel
1199 <para>The &man.hv.storvsc.4; driver now has scatter/gather
1200 support, in addition to performance improvements.</para>
1204 <para>The &man.hv.kvp.4; driver has received several bug
1209 <para revision="282274">Support for &man.xen.4; para-virtualized
1210 <literal>domU</literal> kernels has been removed.</para>
1212 <para revision="284746" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1213 &man.hv.netvsc.4; driver has been updated to support checksum
1214 offloading and <acronym>TSO</acronym>.</para>
1217 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
1218 <title>ARM Support</title>
1220 <para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
1221 ARM devices by default.</para>
1223 <para revision="266943" arch="arm">Support for the Exynos 5420
1224 Octa system has been added.</para>
1226 <para revision="267390" arch="arm">The <acronym>SMP</acronym>
1227 option has been enabled for all Exynos 5 systems supported by
1230 <para revision="268838" arch="arm">Support for the Toradex
1231 Apalis i.MX6 development board has been added.</para>
1233 <para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
1234 instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
1235 Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
1237 <para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
1238 driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
1239 frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
1240 <acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
1242 <para revision="277042" arch="arm">Support to turn off the
1243 BeagleBone Black system with the &man.shutdown.8;
1244 <literal>-p</literal> flag or by invoking &man.poweroff.8; has
1247 <para revision="277644" arch="arm">Audio transmission drivers
1248 have been added for Digital Audio Multiplexer
1249 (<acronym>AUDMUXM</acronym>), Smart Direct Memory Access
1250 Controller (<acronym>SDMA</acronym>), and Syncronous Serial
1251 Interface (<acronym>SSI</acronym>).</para>
1253 <para revision="280259" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1254 support for the ARM AArch64 architecture has been
1257 <para revision="282779" arch="arm">Kernel support for Thumb-2
1258 userland has been added.</para>
1260 <para revision="282827">Support for the hardware power button
1261 on the BeagleBone Black system has been added.</para>
1263 <para revision="284273" contrib="sponsor"
1264 sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1265 <acronym>ACPI</acronym> support has been added for
1266 &os;/&arch.arm64;.</para>
1270 <sect1 xml:id="storage">
1271 <title>Storage</title>
1273 <para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
1274 and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
1276 <sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
1277 <title>General Storage</title>
1279 <para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1280 &man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
1281 replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
1282 with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
1284 <para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1285 &man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
1286 non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
1288 <para revision="275681" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1289 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1290 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-media</literal>, which
1291 allows automatically mounting removable media, such as
1292 <acronym>CD</acronym> drives or <acronym>USB</acronym> flash
1295 <para revision="279955" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1296 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1297 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-noauto</literal>, which
1298 handles &man.fstab.5; entries set to
1299 <literal>noauto</literal>.</para>
1302 <sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
1303 <title>Networked Storage</title>
1305 <para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
1306 filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
1307 The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
1308 other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS X™
1309 and Solaris™. The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
1310 a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
1311 is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
1312 and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
1315 <para revision="273849" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Support
1316 for the <literal>timeo</literal>, <literal>actimeo</literal>,
1317 <literal>noac</literal>, and <literal>proto</literal> options
1318 have been added to &man.mount.nfs.8;.</para>
1321 <sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
1324 <para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
1325 statistics are now visible through the
1326 <literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;. As a result of this
1327 change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
1328 &man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
1329 <literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
1330 &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
1333 <sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
1334 <title>&man.geom.4;</title>
1336 <para revision="267359">Support for the
1337 <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
1338 added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1340 <para revision="282465">Support for the
1341 <literal>apple-boot</literal>, <literal>apple-hfs</literal>,
1342 and <literal>apple-ufs</literal> <acronym>MBR</acronym>
1343 partitioning schemes have been added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1347 <sect1 xml:id="boot">
1348 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1350 <para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
1351 boot-related changes.</para>
1353 <sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
1354 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1356 <para revision="258431" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1357 memory test run at boot time on &os;/&arch.amd64; platforms
1358 has been disabled by default.</para>
1360 <para revision="262955">A new &man.ttys.5; class,
1361 <literal>3wire</literal>, has been added. This is similar to
1362 the existing terminal classes, but does not have a defined
1365 <para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
1366 default system console driver. The &man.syscons.4; driver is
1367 still available, and can be enabled by adding
1368 <literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
1369 Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
1370 entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
1371 &man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
1373 <para revision="279950">Support for <literal>bzipfs</literal>
1374 has been added to the <acronym>EFI</acronym> loader.</para>
1376 <para revision="281616">The boot loader has been updated to
1377 support entering the <acronym>GELI</acronym> passphrase before
1378 loading the kernel. To enable this behavior, add
1379 <literal>geom_eli_passphrase_prompt="YES"</literal> to
1380 &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
1382 <para revision="284683" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
1383 arch="arm">The &man.ttys.5; file for &os;/&arch.arm; has been
1384 updated to enable <filename>ttyu1</filename>,
1385 <filename>ttyu2</filename>, and <filename>ttyu3</filename> by
1386 default, if the callin port is an active console port.</para>
1389 <sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
1390 <title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
1396 <sect1 xml:id="network">
1397 <title>Networking</title>
1399 <para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
1402 <sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
1403 <title>Network Procols</title>
1405 <para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
1406 protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
1407 &os; 11 and later releases.</para>
1409 <para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
1410 sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1411 blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
1412 added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default. New
1413 control tunables have been added:</para>
1415 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1417 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1418 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1421 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1422 <entry>Description</entry>
1428 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
1429 <entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1430 blackhole detection</entry>
1434 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1435 <entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
1439 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1440 <entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
1446 <para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
1448 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1450 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1451 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1454 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1455 <entry>Description</entry>
1461 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
1462 <entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
1463 downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1467 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
1468 <entry>Number of times the blackhole
1469 <acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
1474 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
1475 <entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
1476 connect after downshifting the
1477 <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1483 <para revision="280971" contrib="sponsor"
1484 sponsor="&netflix;, &nginx;">Support for <acronym>IP</acronym>
1485 identification for atomic datagrams (<acronym>RFC</acronym>
1486 6864) has been added. Support for this feature can be toggled
1487 with the <literal>net.inet.ip.rfc6864</literal>
1488 &man.sysctl.8;, which is enabled by default.</para>
1492 <sect1 xml:id="ports">
1493 <title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
1495 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Ports
1496 Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
1497 installation tools.</para>
1499 <sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
1500 <title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
1505 <sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
1506 <title>Packaging Changes</title>
1512 <sect1 xml:id="doc">
1513 <title>Documentation</title>
1515 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Documentation
1516 Project sources and toolchain.</para>
1518 <sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
1519 <title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
1524 <sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
1525 <title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
1531 <sect1 xml:id="releng">
1532 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1534 <para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
1535 &os; Release Engineering processes.</para>
1537 <sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
1538 <title>Integration Changes</title>
1540 <para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1541 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1542 support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
1543 cloud hosting providers.</para>
1545 <para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
1546 been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;. By default,
1547 the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
1550 <para revision="281802" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1551 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1552 support for building &os;/&arch.arm64; virtual machine and
1553 memory stick installation images.</para>
1555 <para revision="282693" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1556 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to support
1557 building &os;/&arch.arm; images without external utilities for
1558 supported boards where a corresponding
1559 <literal>u-boot</literal> port exists in the Ports
1562 <para revision="283307" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1563 &os;/&arch.i386; memory stick installation images are now
1564 created using the &man.mkimg.1; utility, matching the way
1565 the &os;/&arch.amd64; images are created.</para>