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4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
6 <!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
8 <!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
10 <!ENTITY security SYSTEM "../../share/xml/security.xml">
11 <!ENTITY errata SYSTEM "../../share/xml/errata.xml">
13 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
14 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
17 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
20 <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
23 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
25 <!-- Last rev: 284814 -->
29 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
33 <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
43 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
44 a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
45 &release.branch; development line. This document lists
46 applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
47 release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
48 userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
53 <sect1 xml:id="intro">
54 <title>Introduction</title>
56 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
57 &release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or
58 deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on
59 upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
61 <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
62 which these release notes apply represents the latest point
63 along the &release.branch; development branch since
64 &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built,
65 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
67 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
69 <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
70 which these release notes apply represents a point along the
71 &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
72 the future &release.next;. Information regarding pre-built,
73 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
75 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
77 <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
78 &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be
79 found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
80 any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or
81 other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
83 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
84 &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
85 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
86 Handbook</link>.</para>
88 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
89 before installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
90 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
91 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
92 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
93 to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
94 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
96 <para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
97 features in &os; since &release.prev;. In general, changes
98 described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
99 specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
101 <para>Typical release note items document recent security
102 advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
103 support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
104 contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to
105 major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly
106 the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
107 between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
108 advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
112 <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
113 <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
115 <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
116 (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
117 using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade
118 procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
119 unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
120 &os; release. The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
121 the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
123 <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
124 base system from source code) from previous versions are
125 supported, according to the instructions in
126 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
129 <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
130 <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
134 <sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
135 <title>Security and Errata</title>
137 <para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
138 Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
140 <sect2 xml:id="security">
141 <title>Security Advisories</title>
146 <sect2 xml:id="errata">
147 <title>Errata Notices</title>
153 <sect1 xml:id="userland">
154 <title>Userland</title>
156 <para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
157 applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
159 <sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
160 <title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
162 <para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
163 includes files in the
164 <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
165 <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
166 directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
168 <para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
169 updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
170 <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
171 defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
174 <para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
175 &man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
177 <para revision="285169">The <application>ntp</application> suite
178 has been updated to version 4.2.8p3.</para>
181 <sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
182 <title>Userland Application Changes</title>
184 <para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
185 &google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
186 added, which provides access to functionality that is not
187 available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
190 <para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
191 &man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
192 &man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
193 <quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
195 <para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
196 devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
197 their device name instead of just the selector. Additionally,
198 an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
199 to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
202 <para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
203 has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. This allows
204 the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
205 device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
206 to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
208 <para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
209 devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
211 <para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
212 network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
215 <para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
216 updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
217 filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
218 Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
219 <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
222 <para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
223 to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
224 &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
226 <para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
227 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
228 ends event collection after the specified number of
231 <para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
232 to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
233 displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
236 <para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
237 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
239 <para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
240 updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
241 <literal>4295098369</literal> and
242 <literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
243 change, it would be possible for returned values to be
244 incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
246 <para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
247 updated to include three options used to print information
248 about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
250 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
252 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
253 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
256 <entry>Option</entry>
257 <entry>Output</entry>
263 <entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
264 <entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
269 <entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
270 <entry>The disk image file formats supported by
271 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
275 <entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
276 <entry>The partition schemes supported by
277 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
283 <para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
284 &man.dtrace.1; has been added. With this change,
285 &man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
286 <acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
289 <para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
290 updated to support capability mode provided by
291 &man.capsicum.4;.</para>
293 <para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
294 &man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
295 determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
297 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
298 has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
299 additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
301 <para revision="276893" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
302 &man.mkimg.1; utility has been updated to support the
303 <acronym>MBR</acronym> <acronym>EFI</acronym> partition
306 <para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
307 call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
308 &os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
310 <para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
311 &man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
312 administrative changes to individual devices, such as
313 attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
314 devices. The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
315 &man.devctl.3; library.</para>
317 <para revision="279122" contrib="sponsor"
318 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.netstat.1; utility has been
319 updated to link against the &man.libxo.3; shared
322 <para revision="279139">A new flag, <literal>-c</literal>, has
323 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility, which allows
324 specifying the capacity of the target disk image.</para>
326 <para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
327 &man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
329 <para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
330 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
331 been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
332 a previous upgrade has not been thoroughly completed.</para>
334 <para revision="280870">A regression in the &man.libarchive.3;
335 library that would prevent a directory from being included in
336 the archive when <literal>--one-file-system</literal> is used
337 has been fixed.</para>
339 <para revision="281311" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
340 &man.ar.1; utility has been updated to set
341 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS</literal> and
342 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT</literal> to disallow
343 directory traversal when extracting an archive, similar to
346 <para revision="281617">A race condition in &man.wc.1; that
347 would cause final results to be sent to &man.stderr.4; when
348 receiving the <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal has been
351 <para revision="282208" contrib="sponsor"
352 sponsor="&multiplay;">The &man.chflags.1;, &man.chgrp.1;,
353 &man.chmod.1;, and &man.chown.8; utilities now affect symbolic
354 links when the <literal>-R</literal> flag is specified, as
355 documented in &man.symlink.7;.</para>
357 <para revision="282608">The &man.date.1; utility has been
358 updated to print the modification time of the file passed as
359 an argument to the <literal>-r</literal> flag, improving
360 compatibility with the <acronym>GNU</acronym> &man.date.1;
361 utility behavior.</para>
363 <para revision="283961">The &man.pw.8; utility has been updated
364 with a new flag, <literal>-R</literal>, that sets the root
365 directory within which the utility will operate.</para>
367 <para revision="284297" contrib="sponsor"
368 sponsor="&clusterhq;">The &man.lockstat.1; utility has been
369 updated with several improvements:</para>
373 <para>Spin locks are now reported as the amount of time
374 spinning, instead of loop iterations.</para>
378 <para>Reader locks are now recognized as adaptive that can
383 <para>Lock aquisition events for successful reader try-lock
384 events are now reported.</para>
388 <para>Spin and block events are now reported before lock
389 acquisition events.</para>
393 <para revision="284589" contrib="sponsor"
394 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.fstyp.8; utility has been
395 updated to be able to detect &man.zfs.8; and &man.geli.8;
398 <para revision="284883">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
399 updated to include support for <literal>NTFS</literal>
400 filesystems in both <acronym>MBR</acronym> and
401 <acronym>GPT</acronym> partitioning schemes.</para>
403 <para revision="285253">The &man.quota.1; utility has been
404 updated to include support for <acronym>IPv6</acronym>.</para>
406 <para revision="285420">The &man.jail.8; utility has been
407 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
408 ensures a clean environment in the target jail when used.
409 Additionally, &man.jail.8; will run a shell within the target
410 jail when run no commands are specified.</para>
412 <para revision="285550">The &man.w.1; utility has been updated
413 to display the full IPv6 remote address of the host from which
414 a user is connected.</para>
416 <para revision="285685">The &man.jail.8; framework has been
417 updated to allow mounting &man.linprocfs.5; and
418 &man.linsysfs.5; within a jail.</para>
420 <para revision="285772" contrib="sponsor"
421 sponsor="&emcisilon;">The &man.patch.1; utility has been
422 updated to include a new option to the <literal>-V</literal>
423 flag, <literal>none</literal>, which disables backup file
424 creation when applying a patch.</para>
427 <sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
428 <title>Contributed Software</title>
430 <para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
431 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
432 upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
434 <para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
435 version 20140101.</para>
437 <para revision="261071">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
438 version 3.5.0.</para>
440 <para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
441 been updated to version 3.4.</para>
443 <para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
444 been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
446 <para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
447 been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
449 <para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
450 <application>Clang</application> have been updated to
453 <para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
454 suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
455 patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
458 <para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
459 <application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
460 upstream revision r3136.</para>
462 <para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
463 utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
464 the base system. The <filename
465 role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
466 installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
469 <para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
470 object manipulation tools
471 <application>addr2line</application>,
472 <application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
473 <application>nm</application>,
474 <application>readelf</application>,
475 <application>size</application>, and
476 <application>strings</application> were switched to the
477 versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
479 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
480 has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
481 adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
484 <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
485 to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
487 <para revision="280932" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
488 <application>elftoolchain</application> utilities have been
489 updated to version 3179.</para>
491 <para revision="281316">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
492 to version 5.2.1.</para>
494 <para revision="281373">The &man.nvi.1; utility has been updated
495 to version 2.1.3.</para>
497 <para revision="281806">The &man.wpa.supplicant.8; and
498 &man.hostapd.8; utilities have been updated to version
501 <para revision="282089">The &man.unbound.8; utility has been
502 updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
504 <para revision="282434" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
505 &man.resolvconf.8; utility has been updated to version
508 <para revision="282613">The &man.nc.1; utility has been updated
509 to the OpenBSD 5.7 version.</para>
511 <para revision="284237">The &man.file.1; utility has been
512 updated to version 5.23.</para>
514 <para revision="284254"><application>bmake</application> has
515 been updated to version 20150606.</para>
517 <para revision="284397">Timezone data files have been updated to
518 version 2015e.</para>
520 <para revision="285229"><application>sendmail</application> has
521 been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with &os; 11.0 and
522 sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
523 default, i.e., they will not contain <quote>::</quote>. For
524 example, instead of <quote>::1</quote>, it will be
525 <quote>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1</quote>. This permits a zero subnet to
526 have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
527 IPv6:0:0 versus IPv6:0. This change requires that
528 configuration data (including maps, files, classes, custom
529 ruleset, etc.) must use the same format, so make certain such
530 configuration data is upgrading. As a very simple check
531 search for patterns like 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.
532 To return to the old behavior, set the m4 option
533 <literal>confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES</literal> or the cf
534 option <literal>UseCompressedIPv6Addresses</literal>.</para>
536 <para revision="285275">The &man.tcpdump.1; utility has been
537 updated to version 4.7.4.</para>
539 <para revision="285329"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
540 been updated to version 1.0.1p.</para>
542 <para revision="285642" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&dell;">The
543 &man.ssh.1; utility has been updated to re-implement hostname
544 canonicalization before locating the host in
545 <filename>known_hosts</filename>.</para>
547 <para revision="285972">The &man.libarchive.3; library has been
548 updated to properly skip a sparse file entry in a &man.tar.1;
549 file, which would previously produce errors.</para>
551 <para revision="r287168">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
552 updated to version 20150818.</para>
555 <sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
556 <title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
558 <para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
559 and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
560 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
562 <para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
563 &man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
564 <literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
565 <literal>off</literal> for the <filename
566 class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
567 contents of directories within <filename
568 class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
569 using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
570 <filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
572 <para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
573 updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
574 <acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
575 in a virtual machine, determined when the
576 <literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
577 <literal>1</literal>.</para>
579 <para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
580 updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
581 when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
583 <para revision="285557" contrib="sponsor"
584 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
585 aligning partitions on 1Mb boundaries has been added to
586 &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
588 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
589 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
590 a workaround for various laptops and motherboards that do not
591 boot properly from <acronym>GPT</acronym>-partitioned disks
592 has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;. Additionally, the
593 <literal>active</literal> flag will be set on the partition
596 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
597 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for selecting the partitioning
598 scheme when installing on the <acronym>UFS</acronym>
599 filesystem has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
602 <sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
603 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
606 <para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
607 updated to allow configuring services in <filename
608 class="directory">${LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
609 If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
610 <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
612 <para revision="273955">A new &man.rc.8; script,
613 <filename>growfs</filename>, has been added, which will resize
614 the root filesystem on boot if <filename>/firstboot</filename>
617 <para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
618 &man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system. An
619 equivalent script is available from the <filename
620 role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
622 <para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
623 sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
624 <filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
625 automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
629 <sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
630 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
633 <para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
634 <filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
635 crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
636 <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
638 <para revision="277216" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
639 &man.periodic.8; script,
640 <filename>510.status-world-kernel</filename>, has been added,
641 which evaluates the running userland and kernel versions from
642 the &man.uname.1; <literal>-U</literal> and
643 <literal>-K</literal> arguments, and prints an error if the
644 system userland and kernel are not in sync.</para>
647 <sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
648 <title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
650 <para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
651 format has been changed to
652 <literal>$2b$</literal>.</para>
654 <para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
655 statically linked in software within the base system, and the
656 shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
657 Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
659 <para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
660 updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
661 features <literal>%U</literal> and
662 <literal>%W</literal>.</para>
664 <para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
665 sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
666 changed to always return the path name of the
667 <acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
668 <literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
670 <para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
671 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
672 imported to the base system.</para>
674 <para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
675 userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
676 has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
677 applications to work over compatible
678 <acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
680 <para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
681 providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
684 <para revision="275800" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
685 &man.procctl.2; system call has been updated to include
686 a facility for non-&man.init.8; processes to be declared as
687 the reaper of child processes and their decendants.</para>
689 <para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
690 <literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
691 added. See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
693 <para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
694 has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
695 allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
696 userland applications and libraries without also linking
697 against &man.elf.3;.</para>
699 <para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
700 updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
703 <para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
704 updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
705 platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
708 <para revision="281130">Several standard include headers have
709 been updated to use of <application>gcc</application>
710 attributes, such as <literal>__result_use_check()</literal>,
711 <literal>__alloc_size()</literal>, and
712 <literal>__nonnull()</literal>.</para>
714 <para revision="281845">Support for file verification in
715 <acronym>MAC</acronym> has been added.</para>
717 <para revision="282973" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
718 <literal>libgomp</literal> library is now only built when
719 building <acronym>GCC</acronym> from the base system. An
720 up-to-date version is available in the Ports Collection as
722 role="package">devel/libiomp5-devel</filename>.</para>
724 <para revision="282988">The <filename>stdlib.h</filename> and
725 <filename>malloc.h</filename> headers have been updated to
726 make use of the <application>gcc</application>
727 <literal>alloc_align()</literal> attribute.</para>
729 <para revision="284483" contrib="sponsor"
730 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; library
731 has been updated to support $2y$ hashes.</para>
733 <para revision="285277">The &man.execl.3; and &man.execlp.3;
734 library functions have been updated to use the
735 <literal>__sentinel</literal> <application>gcc</application>
739 <sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
740 <title>ABI Compatibility</title>
742 <para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
743 been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>. The
744 <literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
745 evaluated when building the <filename
746 role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
751 <sect1 xml:id="kernel">
752 <title>Kernel</title>
754 <para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
755 tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
758 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
759 <title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
761 <para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
762 functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
763 &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
764 Boost ™ enabled has been fixed.</para>
766 <para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
767 &man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
768 &os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
769 and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
770 checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
772 <para revision="271917">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
773 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gif.4; has
776 <para revision="271918">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
777 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gre.4; has
780 <para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
781 potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
782 at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
784 <para revision="280930" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&mitail;">The
785 kernel <acronym>RPC</acronym> has been updated to include
786 several enhancements:</para>
790 <para>The 45 MiB limit on requests queued for
791 &man.nfsd.8; threads has been removed.</para>
795 <para>Avoids unnecessary throttling by not deferring
796 accounting for completed requests.</para>
800 <para>Fixes an integer overflow and signedness bugs.</para>
804 <para revision="281261" arch="powerpc">Support for
805 &man.dtrace.1; has been added for the
806 Book-E ™.</para>
809 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
810 <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
812 <para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
813 kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
814 which enables application execution through emulators, such
815 as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
817 <para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
818 configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
819 driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
820 To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
821 at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
822 <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
823 reboot the system.</para>
825 <para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
826 updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
827 class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
828 argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
830 <para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
831 &os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
832 a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
833 loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
837 <para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
838 The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
842 <para revision="278338" arch="arm">A new module for creating
843 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> has been added for the Raspberry
846 <para revision="278340" arch="arm">The
847 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> module is now installed to
848 <filename class="directory">/boot/dtb/</filename> by
849 default for the Raspberry Pi system.</para>
851 <para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
852 arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
853 (<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
854 has been added.</para>
856 <para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
857 arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
858 &powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
861 <para revision="279824" arch="arm">A new module for creating
862 the <filename>dtb</filename> module for AM335x systems has
865 <para revision="281495" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
866 <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal> kernel configuration option has
867 been added for &os;/&arch.i386;, which instructs &man.pmap.9;
868 to use <acronym>PAE</acronym> format for page tables while
869 maintaining a 32-bit physical address size elsewhere in the
870 kernel. The use of this option can enhance application-level
871 security by enabling the creation of <quote>no execute</quote>
872 mappings on modern &arch.i386; processors. Unlike the
873 <literal>PAE</literal> option, <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>
874 preserves kernel binary interface (<acronym>KBI</acronym>)
875 compatibility with non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernels,
876 allowing non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernel modules and drivers
877 to work with a <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>-enabled kernel.
878 Additionally, system limits are tuned for 4GB maximum
879 <acronym>RAM</acronym>, avoiding kernel virtual address space
880 (<acronym>KVA</acronym>) exhaustion.</para>
882 <para revision="282215">The <literal>SIFTR</literal> kernel
883 configuration has been added, allowing building &man.siftr.4;
884 statically into the kernel.</para>
886 <para revision="282731" arch="arm">The &arch.arm; boot loader,
887 <filename>ubldr</filename>, is now relocatable. In addition,
888 <filename>ubldr.bin</filename> is now created during build
889 time, which is a stripped binary with an entry point of
890 <literal>0</literal>, providing the ability to specify the
891 load address by running <literal>go
892 ${loadaddr}</literal> in
893 <literal>u-boot</literal>.</para>
895 <para revision="282921" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&intelcorp;"
896 arch="amd64,i386">The &man.nvd.4; and &man.nvme.4; drivers are
897 now included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
898 configuration by default.</para>
900 <para revision="283959" contrib="sponsor"
901 sponsor="&limelight;">A new kernel configuration option,
902 <literal>EM_MULTIQUEUE</literal>, has been added which enables
903 multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver.</para>
906 <para>Multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver is not
907 officially supported by &intel;.</para>
910 <para revision="285142" contrib="sponsor"
911 sponsor="&netgate;">The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
912 configuration has been updated to include the
913 <literal>IPSEC</literal> option by default.</para>
915 <para revision="285387" contrib="sponsor"
916 sponsor="&norse;, &dell;">Initial <acronym>NUMA</acronym>
917 affinity and policy configuration has been added. See
918 &man.numactl.1;, and &man.numa.getaffinity.2;, for usage
922 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
923 <title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
925 <para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
926 &man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
927 increased. The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
928 the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
930 <para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
931 and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
932 &man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
934 <para revision="280308,280949" contrib="sponsor"
935 sponsor="&ix;, &ff;">The &man.devfs.5; device filesystem has
936 been changed to update timestamps for read/write operations
937 using seconds precision. A new &man.sysctl.8;,
938 <literal>vfs.devfs.dotimes</literal> has been added, which
939 when set to a non-zero value, enables default precision
940 timestamps for these operations.</para>
942 <para revision="282213" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
943 &man.sysctl.8;, <literal>kern.racct.enable</literal>, has been
944 added, which when set to a non-zero value allows using
945 &man.rctl.8; with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
946 A new kernel configuration option,
947 <literal>RACCT_DISABLED</literal> has also been added.</para>
949 <para revision="282901" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
950 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration now includes
951 <literal>RACCT</literal> and <literal>RCTL</literal> by
955 <para>To enable <literal>RACCT</literal> and
956 <literal>RCTL</literal> on a system using the
957 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration, add
958 <literal>kern.racct.enable=1</literal> to
959 &man.loader.conf.5;, and reboot the system.</para>
962 <para revision="283136" contrib="sponsor"
963 sponsor="&limelight;">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
964 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache.purgenow</literal>, has
965 been added, which when set to <literal>1</literal> during
966 runtime will flush all
967 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache</literal> entries.</para>
969 <para revision="285524">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
970 <literal>hw.model</literal>, has been added, which displays
971 <acronym>CPU</acronym> model information.</para>
975 <sect1 xml:id="drivers">
976 <title>Devices and Drivers</title>
978 <para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
979 device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
981 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
982 <title>Device Drivers</title>
984 <para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
987 <para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
988 and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
989 Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
990 only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
991 returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts. As
992 this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
993 has been added.</para>
995 <para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
996 added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
997 support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
1000 <para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
1001 replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
1002 &man.sysctl.8; with individual
1003 <literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
1005 <para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
1007 <filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
1008 device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
1011 <para revision="280183">The <literal>drm</literal> code has
1012 been updated to match &linux; version 3.8.13.</para>
1014 <para revision="281440">The &man.psm.4; driver has been updated
1015 to include improved support for newer Synaptics ®
1016 touchpads and the ClickPad ® mouse on newer
1017 Lenovo ™ laptops.</para>
1019 <para revision="282783" arch="powerpc">Support for the Freescale
1020 <acronym>PCI</acronym> Root Complex device has been
1023 <para revision="285876">The &man.cyapa.4; driver has been added,
1024 supporting the Cypress APA I2C trackpad.</para>
1026 <para revision="285883">The &man.isl.4; driver has been added,
1027 supporting the Intersil I2C ISL29018 digital ambient light
1031 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
1032 <title>Storage Drivers</title>
1034 <para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
1035 sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
1036 device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
1037 3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
1039 <para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
1040 sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
1041 providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers. The
1042 &man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
1043 To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
1044 <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
1045 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
1046 &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
1049 <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
1050 version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
1051 <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
1052 &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
1055 <para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1056 &man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
1057 limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
1058 and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
1059 to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
1061 <para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
1062 been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
1064 <para revision="281387">The &man.hptnr.4; driver has been
1065 updated to version 1.1.1.</para>
1067 <para revision="285662">The &man.pms.4; driver has been added,
1068 providing support for the PMC Sierra line of
1069 <acronym>SAS</acronym>/<acronym>SATA</acronym> host bus
1073 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
1074 <title>Network Drivers</title>
1076 <para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
1077 BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
1080 <para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1081 Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
1083 <para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino™
1084 Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
1087 <para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
1088 removed. Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
1089 advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
1090 the default driver for this hardware since
1091 &os; 7.0.</para>
1093 <para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
1094 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
1095 device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
1096 Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
1099 <para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
1100 the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
1104 <para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
1105 sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
1106 updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
1108 <para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1109 Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
1111 <para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
1112 sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
1113 5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
1115 <para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
1116 to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
1118 <para revision="272906">The &man.pf.4; packet filter default hash
1119 has been changed from <literal>Jenkins</literal> to
1120 <literal>Murmur3</literal>, providing a 3-percent performance
1121 increase in packets-per-second.</para>
1123 <para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
1124 which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
1125 a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network. The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
1126 analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
1127 for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
1129 <para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
1130 &man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
1131 been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
1134 <para revision="278551">The &man.ral.4; driver has been updated
1135 to support the RT5390 and RT5392 chipsets.</para>
1137 <para revision="283514" contrib="sponsor"
1138 sponsor="&solarflare;">The &man.sfxge.4; driver has been
1139 updated to support Solarflare Flareon Ultra 7000-series
1142 <para revision="283766" contrib="sponsor"
1143 sponsor="&limelight;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
1144 with improved transmission queue hang detection.</para>
1146 <para revision="284125">The &man.cdce.4; driver has been updated
1147 to include support for the RTL8153 chipset.</para>
1151 <sect1 xml:id="hardware">
1152 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1154 <para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
1155 machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
1156 as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
1157 other sections of this document.</para>
1159 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
1160 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1162 <para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
1163 updated to support the &apple; MacMini 3,1.</para>
1165 <para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
1166 as of &os; 11.</para>
1168 <para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
1169 hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
1170 <literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
1171 <acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
1172 and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
1174 <para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
1175 subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
1176 certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
1177 PowerBook ®.</para>
1179 <para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1180 driver has been updated to correct performance counter
1181 sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
1183 <para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
1184 sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
1185 <application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
1186 updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
1187 <literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
1188 added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
1190 <para revision="281713" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1191 driver has been updated to support the Freescale e500
1194 <para revision="283766">The &man.ig4.4; driver has been added,
1195 providing support for the fourth generation &intel;
1196 <acronym>I2C</acronym> SMBus.</para>
1198 <para>The &man.uart.4; driver has been updated to support
1199 <acronym>AMT</acronym> devices on newer systems.</para>
1201 <para revision="285316" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
1202 arch="arm64">Initial <acronym>SMP</acronym> support has been
1203 added to the &os;/&arch.arm64; port.</para>
1206 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
1207 <title>Virtualization Support</title>
1209 <para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
1210 Delivery</quote> feature of &intel; VT-x is enabled if
1211 supported by the CPU. This feature can be disabled by running
1212 <literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
1213 Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
1214 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
1215 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1217 <para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
1218 Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU. This
1219 feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
1220 hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>. Additionally, to
1221 persist this setting across reboots, add
1222 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
1223 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1225 <para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1226 &man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
1228 <para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1229 &man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
1231 <para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
1232 been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
1234 <para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
1237 <para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
1238 sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
1239 <application>Xen</application> guest instance as
1240 <acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
1241 <acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
1242 Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
1243 I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
1244 tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
1246 <para revision="273375">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1247 updated to support &amd; processors with
1248 <acronym>SVM</acronym> and <acronym>AMD-V</acronym> hardware
1251 <para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
1252 been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
1253 devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
1255 <para revision="279957">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1256 updated to support <literal>DSM TRIM</literal> commands for
1257 virtual <acronym>AHCI</acronym> disks.</para>
1259 <para revision="281439" arch="arm">Support for the
1260 <application>QEMU</application> <literal>virt</literal> system
1261 has been added.</para>
1263 <para revision="282212" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1264 Hyper-V™ drivers have been updated with several
1265 enhancements:</para>
1269 <para>The &man.hv.vmbus.4; driver now has multi-channel
1274 <para>The &man.hv.storvsc.4; driver now has scatter/gather
1275 support, in addition to performance improvements.</para>
1279 <para>The &man.hv.kvp.4; driver has received several bug
1284 <para revision="282274">Support for &man.xen.4; para-virtualized
1285 <literal>domU</literal> kernels has been removed.</para>
1287 <para revision="284746" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1288 &man.hv.netvsc.4; driver has been updated to support checksum
1289 offloading and <acronym>TSO</acronym>.</para>
1292 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
1293 <title>ARM Support</title>
1295 <para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
1296 ARM devices by default.</para>
1298 <para revision="266943" arch="arm">Support for the Exynos 5420
1299 Octa system has been added.</para>
1301 <para revision="267390" arch="arm">The <acronym>SMP</acronym>
1302 option has been enabled for all Exynos 5 systems supported by
1305 <para revision="268838" arch="arm">Support for the Toradex
1306 Apalis i.MX6 development board has been added.</para>
1308 <para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
1309 instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
1310 Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
1312 <para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
1313 driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
1314 frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
1315 <acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
1317 <para revision="277042" arch="arm">Support to turn off the
1318 BeagleBone Black system with the &man.shutdown.8;
1319 <literal>-p</literal> flag or by invoking &man.poweroff.8; has
1322 <para revision="277644" arch="arm">Audio transmission drivers
1323 have been added for Digital Audio Multiplexer
1324 (<acronym>AUDMUXM</acronym>), Smart Direct Memory Access
1325 Controller (<acronym>SDMA</acronym>), and Syncronous Serial
1326 Interface (<acronym>SSI</acronym>).</para>
1328 <para revision="280259" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1329 support for the ARM AArch64 architecture has been
1332 <para revision="282779" arch="arm">Kernel support for Thumb-2
1333 userland has been added.</para>
1335 <para revision="282827">Support for the hardware power button
1336 on the BeagleBone Black system has been added.</para>
1338 <para revision="284273" contrib="sponsor"
1339 sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1340 <acronym>ACPI</acronym> support has been added for
1341 &os;/&arch.arm64;.</para>
1345 <sect1 xml:id="storage">
1346 <title>Storage</title>
1348 <para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
1349 and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
1351 <sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
1352 <title>General Storage</title>
1354 <para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1355 &man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
1356 replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
1357 with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
1359 <para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1360 &man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
1361 non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
1363 <para revision="275681" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1364 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1365 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-media</literal>, which
1366 allows automatically mounting removable media, such as
1367 <acronym>CD</acronym> drives or <acronym>USB</acronym> flash
1370 <para revision="279955" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1371 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1372 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-noauto</literal>, which
1373 handles &man.fstab.5; entries set to
1374 <literal>noauto</literal>.</para>
1377 <sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
1378 <title>Networked Storage</title>
1380 <para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
1381 filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
1382 The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
1383 other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS X™
1384 and Solaris™. The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
1385 a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
1386 is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
1387 and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
1390 <para revision="273849" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Support
1391 for the <literal>timeo</literal>, <literal>actimeo</literal>,
1392 <literal>noac</literal>, and <literal>proto</literal> options
1393 have been added to &man.mount.nfs.8;.</para>
1396 <sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
1399 <para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
1400 statistics are now visible through the
1401 <literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;. As a result of this
1402 change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
1403 &man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
1404 <literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
1405 &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
1408 <sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
1409 <title>&man.geom.4;</title>
1411 <para revision="267359">Support for the
1412 <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
1413 added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1415 <para revision="282465">Support for the
1416 <literal>apple-boot</literal>, <literal>apple-hfs</literal>,
1417 and <literal>apple-ufs</literal> <acronym>MBR</acronym>
1418 partitioning schemes have been added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1420 <para revision="285594" contrib="sponsor"
1421 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.gpart.8; utility has been
1422 updated to include a new attribute for <acronym>GPT</acronym>
1423 partitions, <literal>lenovofix</literal>, which when set,
1424 which works around <acronym>BIOS</acronym> compatibility
1425 issues reported on several Lenovo ™ laptops.</para>
1429 <sect1 xml:id="boot">
1430 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1432 <para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
1433 boot-related changes.</para>
1435 <sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
1436 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1438 <para revision="258431" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1439 memory test run at boot time on &os;/&arch.amd64; platforms
1440 has been disabled by default.</para>
1442 <para revision="262955">A new &man.ttys.5; class,
1443 <literal>3wire</literal>, has been added. This is similar to
1444 the existing terminal classes, but does not have a defined
1447 <para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
1448 default system console driver. The &man.syscons.4; driver is
1449 still available, and can be enabled by adding
1450 <literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
1451 Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
1452 entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
1453 &man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
1455 <para revision="279950">Support for <literal>bzipfs</literal>
1456 has been added to the <acronym>EFI</acronym> loader.</para>
1458 <para revision="281616">The boot loader has been updated to
1459 support entering the <acronym>GELI</acronym> passphrase before
1460 loading the kernel. To enable this behavior, add
1461 <literal>geom_eli_passphrase_prompt="YES"</literal> to
1462 &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
1464 <para revision="284683" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
1465 arch="arm">The &man.ttys.5; file for &os;/&arch.arm; has been
1466 updated to enable <filename>ttyu1</filename>,
1467 <filename>ttyu2</filename>, and <filename>ttyu3</filename> by
1468 default, if the callin port is an active console port.</para>
1471 <sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
1472 <title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
1478 <sect1 xml:id="network">
1479 <title>Networking</title>
1481 <para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
1484 <sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
1485 <title>Network Protocols</title>
1487 <para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
1488 protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
1489 &os; 11 and later releases.</para>
1491 <para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
1492 sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1493 blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
1494 added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default. New
1495 control tunables have been added:</para>
1497 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1499 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1500 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1503 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1504 <entry>Description</entry>
1510 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
1511 <entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1512 blackhole detection</entry>
1516 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1517 <entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
1521 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1522 <entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
1528 <para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
1530 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1532 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1533 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1536 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1537 <entry>Description</entry>
1543 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
1544 <entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
1545 downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1549 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
1550 <entry>Number of times the blackhole
1551 <acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
1556 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
1557 <entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
1558 connect after downshifting the
1559 <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1565 <para revision="280971" contrib="sponsor"
1566 sponsor="&netflix;, &nginx;">Support for <acronym>IP</acronym>
1567 identification for atomic datagrams (<acronym>RFC</acronym>
1568 6864) has been added. Support for this feature can be toggled
1569 with the <literal>net.inet.ip.rfc6864</literal>
1570 &man.sysctl.8;, which is enabled by default.</para>
1572 <para revision="285336" contrib="sponsor"
1573 sponsor="&netgate;">The <acronym>IPSEC</acronym> has been
1574 updated to include support for <acronym>AES</acronym> modes on
1575 both software-only and hardware-backed (&man.aesni.4;)
1580 <sect1 xml:id="ports">
1581 <title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
1583 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Ports
1584 Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
1585 installation tools.</para>
1587 <sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
1588 <title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
1593 <sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
1594 <title>Packaging Changes</title>
1600 <sect1 xml:id="doc">
1601 <title>Documentation</title>
1603 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Documentation
1604 Project sources and toolchain.</para>
1606 <sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
1607 <title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
1612 <sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
1613 <title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
1619 <sect1 xml:id="releng">
1620 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1622 <para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
1623 &os; Release Engineering processes.</para>
1625 <sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
1626 <title>Integration Changes</title>
1628 <para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1629 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1630 support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
1631 cloud hosting providers.</para>
1633 <para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
1634 been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;. By default,
1635 the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
1638 <para revision="281802" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1639 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1640 support for building &os;/&arch.arm64; virtual machine and
1641 memory stick installation images.</para>
1643 <para revision="282693" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1644 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to support
1645 building &os;/&arch.arm; images without external utilities for
1646 supported boards where a corresponding
1647 <literal>u-boot</literal> port exists in the Ports
1650 <para revision="283307" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1651 &os;/&arch.i386; memory stick installation images are now
1652 created using the &man.mkimg.1; utility, matching the way
1653 the &os;/&arch.amd64; images are created.</para>