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4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
6 <!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
8 <!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
10 <!ENTITY security SYSTEM "../../share/xml/security.xml">
11 <!ENTITY errata SYSTEM "../../share/xml/errata.xml">
13 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
14 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
17 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
20 <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
23 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
25 <!-- Last rev: 282482 -->
29 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
33 <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
43 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
44 a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
45 &release.branch; development line. This document lists
46 applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
47 release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
48 userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
53 <sect1 xml:id="intro">
54 <title>Introduction</title>
56 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
57 &release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or
58 deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on
59 upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
61 <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
62 which these release notes apply represents the latest point
63 along the &release.branch; development branch since
64 &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built,
65 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
67 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
69 <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
70 which these release notes apply represents a point along the
71 &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
72 the future &release.next;. Information regarding pre-built,
73 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
75 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
77 <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
78 &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be
79 found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
80 any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or
81 other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
83 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
84 &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
85 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
86 Handbook</link>.</para>
88 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
89 before installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
90 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
91 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
92 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
93 to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
94 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
96 <para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
97 features in &os; since &release.prev;. In general, changes
98 described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
99 specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
101 <para>Typical release note items document recent security
102 advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
103 support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
104 contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to
105 major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly
106 the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
107 between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
108 advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
112 <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
113 <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
115 <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
116 (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
117 using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade
118 procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
119 unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
120 &os; release. The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
121 the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
123 <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
124 base system from source code) from previous versions are
125 supported, according to the instructions in
126 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
129 <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
130 <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
134 <sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
135 <title>Security and Errata</title>
137 <para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
138 Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
140 <sect2 xml:id="security">
141 <title>Security Advisories</title>
146 <sect2 xml:id="errata">
147 <title>Errata Notices</title>
153 <sect1 xml:id="userland">
154 <title>Userland</title>
156 <para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
157 applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
159 <sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
160 <title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
162 <para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
163 includes files in the
164 <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
165 <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
166 directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
168 <para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
169 updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
170 <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
171 defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
174 <para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
175 &man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
178 <sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
179 <title>Userland Application Changes</title>
181 <para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
182 &google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
183 added, which provides access to functionality that is not
184 available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
187 <para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
188 &man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
189 &man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
190 <quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
192 <para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
193 devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
194 their device name instead of just the selector. Additionally,
195 an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
196 to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
199 <para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
200 has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. This allows
201 the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
202 device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
203 to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
205 <para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
206 devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
208 <para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
209 network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
212 <para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
213 updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
214 filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
215 Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
216 <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
219 <para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
220 to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
221 &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
223 <para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
224 format has been changed to
225 <literal>$2b$</literal>.</para>
227 <para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
228 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
229 ends event collection after the specified number of
232 <para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
233 to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
234 displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
237 <para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
238 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
240 <para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
241 updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
242 <literal>4295098369</literal> and
243 <literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
244 change, it would be possible for returned values to be
245 incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
247 <para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
248 updated to include three options used to print information
249 about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
251 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
253 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
254 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
257 <entry>Option</entry>
258 <entry>Output</entry>
264 <entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
265 <entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
270 <entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
271 <entry>The disk image file formats supported by
272 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
276 <entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
277 <entry>The partition schemes supported by
278 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
284 <para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
285 &man.dtrace.1; has been added. With this change,
286 &man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
287 <acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
290 <para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
291 updated to support capability mode provided by
292 &man.capsicum.4;.</para>
294 <para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
295 &man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
296 determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
298 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
299 has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
300 additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
302 <para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
303 call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
304 &os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
306 <para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
307 &man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
308 administrative changes to individual devices, such as
309 attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
310 devices. The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
311 &man.devctl.3; library.</para>
313 <para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
314 &man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
316 <para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
317 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
318 been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
319 a previous upgrade has not been thoroughly completed.</para>
321 <para revision="279122" contrib="sponsor"
322 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.netstat.1; utility has been
323 updated to link against the &man.libxo.3; shared
326 <para revision="280870">A regression in the &man.libarchive.3;
327 library that would prevent a directory from being included in
328 the archive when <literal>--one-file-system</literal> is used
329 has been fixed.</para>
331 <para revision="281311" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
332 &man.ar.1; utility has been updated to set
333 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS</literal> and
334 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT</literal> to disallow
335 directory traversal when extracting an archive, similar to
338 <para revision="282208" contrib="sponsor"
339 sponsor="&multiplay;">The &man.chflags.1;, &man.chgrp.1;,
340 &man.chmod.1;, and &man.chown.8; utilities now affect symbolic
341 links when the <literal>-R</literal> flag is specified, as
342 documented in &man.symlink.7;.</para>
344 <para revision="281617">A race condition in &man.wc.1; that
345 would cause final results to be sent to &man.stderr.4; when
346 receiving the <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal has been
350 <sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
351 <title>Contributed Software</title>
353 <para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
354 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
355 upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
357 <para revision="259626">Timezone data files have been updated to
358 version 2013i.</para>
360 <para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
361 version 20140101.</para>
363 <para revision="261071">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
364 version 3.5.0.</para>
366 <para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
367 been updated to version 3.4.</para>
369 <para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
370 been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
372 <para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
373 been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
375 <para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
376 <application>Clang</application> have been updated to
379 <para revision="266527"
380 role="merged"><application>Sendmail</application> has been
381 updated from 8.14.7 to 8.14.9.</para>
383 <para revision="276577"><application>file</application> has been
384 updated to version 5.22.</para>
386 <para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
387 suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
388 patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
391 <para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
392 <application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
393 upstream revision r3136.</para>
395 <para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
396 utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
397 the base system. The <filename
398 role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
399 installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
402 <para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
403 object manipulation tools
404 <application>addr2line</application>,
405 <application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
406 <application>nm</application>,
407 <application>readelf</application>,
408 <application>size</application>, and
409 <application>strings</application> were switched to the
410 versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
412 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
413 has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
414 adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
417 <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
418 to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
420 <para revision="280297"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
421 been updated to version 1.0.1m.</para>
423 <para revision="280932" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
424 <application>elftoolchain</application> utilities have been
425 updated to version 3179.</para>
427 <para revision="281316">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
428 to version 5.2.1.</para>
430 <para revision="281373">The &man.nvi.1; utility has been updated
431 to version 2.1.3.</para>
433 <para revision="281396">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
434 updated to version 20150410.</para>
436 <para revision="281806">The &man.wpa.supplicant.8; and
437 &man.hostapd.8; utilities have been updated to version
440 <para revision="281812"><application>bmake</application> has
441 been updated to version 20150418.</para>
443 <para revision="282089">The &man.unbound.8; utility has been
444 updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
446 <para revision="282434" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
447 &man.resolvconf.8; utility has been updated to version
451 <sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
452 <title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
454 <para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
455 and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
456 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
458 <para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
459 &man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
460 <literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
461 <literal>off</literal> for the <filename
462 class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
463 contents of directories within <filename
464 class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
465 using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
466 <filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
468 <para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
469 updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
470 <acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
471 in a virtual machine, determined when the
472 <literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
473 <literal>1</literal>.</para>
475 <para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
476 updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
477 when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
480 <sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
481 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
484 <para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
485 updated to allow configuring services in <filename
486 class="directory">${LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
487 If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
488 <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
490 <para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
491 &man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system. An
492 equivalent script is available from the <filename
493 role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
495 <para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
496 sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
497 <filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
498 automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
502 <sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
503 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
506 <para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
507 <filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
508 crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
509 <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
512 <sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
513 <title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
515 <para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
516 statically linked in software within the base system, and the
517 shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
518 Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
520 <para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
521 updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
522 features <literal>%U</literal> and
523 <literal>%W</literal>.</para>
525 <para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
526 sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
527 changed to always return the path name of the
528 <acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
529 <literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
531 <para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
532 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
533 imported to the base system.</para>
535 <para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
536 userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
537 has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
538 applications to work over compatible
539 <acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
541 <para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
542 providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
545 <para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
546 <literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
547 added. See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
549 <para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
550 has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
551 allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
552 userland applications and libraries without also linking
553 against &man.elf.3;.</para>
555 <para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
556 updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
559 <para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
560 updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
561 platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
564 <para revision="281130">Several standard include headers have
565 been updated to use of <application>gcc</application>
566 attributes, such as <literal>__result_use_check()</literal>,
567 <literal>__alloc_size()</literal>, and
568 <literal>__nonnull()</literal>.</para>
570 <para revision="281845">Support for file verification in
571 <acronym>MAC</acronym> has been added.</para>
573 <para revision="282973" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
574 <literal>libgomp</literal> library is now only built when
575 building <acronym>GCC</acronym> from the base system. An
576 up-to-date version is available in the Ports Collection as
578 role="package">devel/libiomp5-devel</filename>.</para>
580 <para revision="282988">The <filename>stdlib.h</filename> and
581 <filename>malloc.h</filename> headers have been updated to
582 make use of the <application>gcc</application>
583 <literal>alloc_align()</literal> attribute.</para>
586 <sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
587 <title>ABI Compatibility</title>
589 <para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
590 been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>. The
591 <literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
592 evaluated when building the <filename
593 role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
598 <sect1 xml:id="kernel">
599 <title>Kernel</title>
601 <para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
602 tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
605 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
606 <title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
608 <para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
609 functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
610 &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
611 Boost ™ enabled has been fixed.</para>
613 <para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
614 &man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
615 &os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
616 and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
617 checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
619 <para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
620 potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
621 at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
623 <para revision="280930" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&mitail;">The
624 kernel <acronym>RPC</acronym> has been updated to include
625 several enhancements:</para>
629 <para>The 45 MiB limit on requests queued for
630 &man.nfsd.8; threads has been removed.</para>
634 <para>Avoids unnecessary throttling by not deferring
635 accounting for completed requests.</para>
639 <para>Fixes an integer overflow and signedness bugs.</para>
643 <para revision="281261" arch="powerpc">Support for
644 &man.dtrace.1; has been added for the
645 Book-E ™.</para>
648 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
649 <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
651 <para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
652 kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
653 which enables application execution through emulators, such
654 as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
656 <para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
657 configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
658 driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
659 To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
660 at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
661 <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
662 reboot the system.</para>
664 <para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
665 updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
666 class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
667 argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
669 <para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
670 &os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
671 a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
672 loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
676 <para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
677 The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
681 <para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
682 arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
683 (<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
684 has been added.</para>
686 <para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
687 arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
688 &powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
691 <para revision="283959" contrib="sponsor"
692 sponsor="&limelight;">A new kernel configuration option,
693 <literal>EM_MULTIQUEUE</literal>, has been added which enables
694 multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver.</para>
697 <para>Multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver is not
698 officially supported by &intel;.</para>
702 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
703 <title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
705 <para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
706 &man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
707 increased. The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
708 the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
710 <para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
711 and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
712 &man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
714 <para revision="280308,280949" contrib="sponsor"
715 sponsor="&ix;, &ff;">The &man.devfs.5; device filesystem has
716 been changed to update timestamps for read/write operations
717 using seconds precision. A new &man.sysctl.8;,
718 <literal>vfs.devfs.dotimes</literal> has been added, which
719 when set to a non-zero value, enables default precision
720 timestamps for these operations.</para>
722 <para revision="282213" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
723 &man.sysctl.8;, <literal>kern.racct.enable</literal>, has been
724 added, which when set to a non-zero value allows using
725 &man.rctl.8; with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
726 A new kernel configuration option,
727 <literal>RACCT_DISABLED</literal> has also been added.</para>
729 <para revision="282901" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
730 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration now includes
731 <literal>RACCT</literal> and <literal>RCTL</literal> by
735 <para>To enable <literal>RACCT</literal> and
736 <literal>RCTL</literal> on a system using the
737 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration, add
738 <literal>kern.racct.enable=1</literal> to
739 &man.loader.conf.5;, and reboot the system.</para>
742 <para revision="283136" contrib="sponsor"
743 sponsor="&limelight;">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
744 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache.purgenow</literal>, has
745 been added, which when set to <literal>1</literal> during
746 runtime will flush all
747 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache</literal> entries.</para>
751 <sect1 xml:id="drivers">
752 <title>Devices and Drivers</title>
754 <para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
755 device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
757 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
758 <title>Device Drivers</title>
760 <para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
763 <para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
764 and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
765 Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
766 only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
767 returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts. As
768 this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
769 has been added.</para>
771 <para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
772 added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
773 support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
776 <para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
777 replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
778 &man.sysctl.8; with individual
779 <literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
781 <para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
783 <filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
784 device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
787 <para revision="280183">The <literal>drm</literal> code has
788 been updated to match &linux; version 3.8.13.</para>
790 <para revision="282783" arch="powerpc">Support for the Freescale
791 <acronym>PCI</acronym> Root Complex device has been
795 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
796 <title>Storage Drivers</title>
798 <para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
799 sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
800 device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
801 3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
803 <para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
804 sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
805 providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers. The
806 &man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
807 To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
808 <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
809 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
810 &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
813 <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
814 version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
815 <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
816 &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
819 <para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
820 &man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
821 limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
822 and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
823 to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
825 <para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
826 been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
828 <para revision="281387">The &man.hptnr.4; driver has been
829 updated to version 1.1.1.</para>
832 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
833 <title>Network Drivers</title>
835 <para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
836 BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
839 <para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
840 Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
842 <para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino™
843 Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
846 <para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
847 removed. Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
848 advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
849 the default driver for this hardware since
850 &os; 7.0.</para>
852 <para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
853 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
854 device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
855 Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
858 <para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
859 the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
863 <para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
864 sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
865 updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
867 <para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
868 Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
870 <para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
871 sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
872 5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
874 <para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
875 to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
877 <para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
878 which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
879 a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network. The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
880 analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
881 for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
883 <para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
884 &man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
885 been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
888 <para revision="283766" contrib="sponsor"
889 sponsor="&limelight;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
890 with improved transmission queue hang detection.</para>
894 <sect1 xml:id="hardware">
895 <title>Hardware Support</title>
897 <para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
898 machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
899 as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
900 other sections of this document.</para>
902 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
903 <title>Hardware Support</title>
905 <para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
906 updated to support the &apple; MacMini 3,1.</para>
908 <para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
909 as of &os; 11.</para>
911 <para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
912 hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
913 <literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
914 <acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
915 and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
917 <para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
918 subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
919 certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
920 PowerBook ®.</para>
922 <para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
923 driver has been updated to correct performance counter
924 sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
926 <para revision="281713" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
927 driver has been updated to support the Freescale e500
930 <para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
931 sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
932 <application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
933 updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
934 <literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
935 added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
937 <para revision="283766">The &man.ig4.4; driver has been added,
938 providing support for the fourth generation &intel;
939 <acronym>I2C</acronym> SMBus.</para>
942 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
943 <title>Virtualization Support</title>
945 <para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
946 Delivery</quote> feature of &intel; VT-x is enabled if
947 supported by the CPU. This feature can be disabled by running
948 <literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
949 Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
950 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
951 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
953 <para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
954 Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU. This
955 feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
956 hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>. Additionally, to
957 persist this setting across reboots, add
958 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
959 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
961 <para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
962 &man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
964 <para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
965 &man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
967 <para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
968 been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
970 <para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
973 <para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
974 sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
975 <application>Xen</application> guest instance as
976 <acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
977 <acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
978 Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
979 I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
980 tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
982 <para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
983 been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
984 devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
986 <para revision="279957">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
987 updated to support <literal>DSM TRIM</literal> commands for
988 virtual <acronym>AHCI</acronym> disks.</para>
990 <para revision="281439" arch="arm">Support for the
991 <application>QEMU</application> <literal>virt</literal> system
992 has been added.</para>
994 <para revision="282212" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
995 HyperV™ drivers have been updated with several
1000 <para>The &man.hv.vmbus.4; driver now has multi-channel
1005 <para>The &man.hv.storvsc.4; driver now has scatter/gather
1006 support, in addition to performance improvements.</para>
1010 <para>The &man.hv.kvp.4; driver has received several bug
1015 <para revision="282274">Support for &man.xen.4; para-virtualized
1016 <literal>domU</literal> kernels has been removed.</para>
1019 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
1020 <title>ARM Support</title>
1022 <para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
1023 ARM devices by default.</para>
1025 <para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
1026 instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
1027 Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
1029 <para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
1030 driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
1031 frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
1032 <acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
1034 <para revision="280259" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1035 support for the ARM AArch64 architecture has been
1038 <para revision="282779" arch="arm">Kernel support for Thumb-2
1039 has been added.</para>
1041 <para revision="282827">Support for the hardware power button
1042 on the BeagleBone Black system has been added.</para>
1046 <sect1 xml:id="storage">
1047 <title>Storage</title>
1049 <para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
1050 and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
1052 <sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
1053 <title>General Storage</title>
1055 <para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1056 &man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
1057 replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
1058 with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
1060 <para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1061 &man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
1062 non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
1065 <sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
1066 <title>Networked Storage</title>
1068 <para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
1069 filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
1070 The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
1071 other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS X™
1072 and Solaris™. The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
1073 a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
1074 is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
1075 and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
1079 <sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
1082 <para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
1083 statistics are now visible through the
1084 <literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;. As a result of this
1085 change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
1086 &man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
1087 <literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
1088 &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
1091 <sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
1092 <title>&man.geom.4;</title>
1094 <para revision="267359">Support for the
1095 <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
1096 added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1100 <sect1 xml:id="boot">
1101 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1103 <para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
1104 boot-related changes.</para>
1106 <sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
1107 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1109 <para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
1110 default system console driver. The &man.syscons.4; driver is
1111 still available, and can be enabled by adding
1112 <literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
1113 Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
1114 entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
1115 &man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
1117 <para revision="281616">The boot loader has been updated to
1118 support entering the <acronym>GELI</acronym> passphrase before
1119 loading the kernel. To enable this behavior, add
1120 <literal>geom_eli_passphrase_prompt="YES"</literal> to
1121 &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
1124 <sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
1125 <title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
1131 <sect1 xml:id="network">
1132 <title>Networking</title>
1134 <para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
1137 <sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
1138 <title>Network Procols</title>
1140 <para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
1141 protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
1142 &os; 11 and later releases.</para>
1144 <para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
1145 sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1146 blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
1147 added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default. New
1148 control tunables have been added:</para>
1150 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1152 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1153 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1156 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1157 <entry>Description</entry>
1163 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
1164 <entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1165 blackhole detection</entry>
1169 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1170 <entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
1174 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1175 <entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
1181 <para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
1183 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1185 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1186 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1189 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1190 <entry>Description</entry>
1196 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
1197 <entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
1198 downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1202 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
1203 <entry>Number of times the blackhole
1204 <acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
1209 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
1210 <entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
1211 connect after downshifting the
1212 <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1218 <para revision="280971" contrib="sponsor"
1219 sponsor="&netflix;, &nginx;">Support for <acronym>IP</acronym>
1220 identification for atomic datagrams (<acronym>RFC</acronym>
1221 6864) has been added. Support for this feature can be toggled
1222 with the <literal>net.inet.ip.rfc6864</literal>
1223 &man.sysctl.8;, which is enabled by default.</para>
1227 <sect1 xml:id="ports">
1228 <title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
1230 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Ports
1231 Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
1232 installation tools.</para>
1234 <sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
1235 <title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
1240 <sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
1241 <title>Packaging Changes</title>
1247 <sect1 xml:id="doc">
1248 <title>Documentation</title>
1250 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Documentation
1251 Project sources and toolchain.</para>
1253 <sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
1254 <title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
1259 <sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
1260 <title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
1266 <sect1 xml:id="releng">
1267 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1269 <para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
1270 &os; Release Engineering processes.</para>
1272 <sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
1273 <title>Integration Changes</title>
1275 <para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1276 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1277 support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
1278 cloud hosting providers.</para>
1280 <para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
1281 been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;. By default,
1282 the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
1285 <para revision="281802" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1286 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1287 support for building &os;/&arch.arm64; virtual machine and
1288 memory stick installation images.</para>