release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/article.xml

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   4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
   5  %release;
   6 <!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
   7  %sponsor;
   8 <!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
   9  %vendor;
  10 <!ENTITY security SYSTEM "../../share/xml/security.xml">
  11 <!ENTITY errata SYSTEM "../../share/xml/errata.xml">
  12 ]>
  13 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
  14   xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
  15
  16   <info>
  17     <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
  18
  19     <author>
  20       <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
  21     </author>
  22
  23     <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
  24
  25     <!-- Last rev: 282146 -->
  26
  27     <copyright>
  28       <year>2015</year>
  29       <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
  30         Project</holder>
  31     </copyright>
  32
  33     <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
  34       &tm-attrib.freebsd;
  35       &tm-attrib.ibm;
  36       &tm-attrib.ieee;
  37       &tm-attrib.intel;
  38       &tm-attrib.sparc;
  39       &tm-attrib.general;
  40     </legalnotice>
  41
  42     <abstract>
  43       <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
  44         a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
  45         &release.branch; development line.  This document lists
  46         applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
  47         release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
  48         userland.  Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
  49         presented.</para>
  50     </abstract>
  51   </info>
  52
  53   <sect1 xml:id="intro">
  54     <title>Introduction</title>
  55
  56     <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
  57       &release.current;.  It describes recently added, changed, or
  58       deleted features of &os;.  It also provides some notes on
  59       upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
  60
  61     <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
  62       which these release notes apply represents the latest point
  63       along the &release.branch; development branch since
  64       &release.branch; was created.  Information regarding pre-built,
  65       binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
  66       found at <uri
  67         xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
  68
  69     <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
  70       which these release notes apply represents a point along the
  71       &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
  72       the future &release.next;.  Information regarding pre-built,
  73       binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
  74       found at <uri
  75         xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
  76
  77     <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
  78       &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution.  It can be
  79       found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
  80       any of its mirrors.  More information on obtaining this (or
  81       other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
  82       <link
  83         xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
  84           &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
  85         xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
  86         Handbook</link>.</para>
  87
  88     <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
  89       before installing &os;.  The errata document is updated with
  90       <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
  91       release cycle or after the release.  Typically, it contains
  92       information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
  93       to documentation.  An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
  94       &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
  95
  96     <para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
  97       features in &os; since &release.prev;.  In general, changes
  98       described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
  99       specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
 100
 101     <para>Typical release note items document recent security
 102       advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
 103       support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
 104       contributed software upgrades.  They may also list changes to
 105       major ports/packages or release engineering practices.  Clearly
 106       the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
 107       between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
 108       advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
 109       improvements.</para>
 110   </sect1>
 111
 112   <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
 113     <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
 114
 115     <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
 116       (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
 117       using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility.  The binary upgrade
 118       procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
 119       unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
 120       &os; release.  The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
 121       the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
 122
 123     <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
 124       base system from source code) from previous versions are
 125       supported, according to the instructions in
 126       <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
 127
 128     <important>
 129       <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
 130         <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
 131     </important>
 132   </sect1>
 133
 134   <sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
 135     <title>Security and Errata</title>
 136
 137     <para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
 138       Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
 139
 140     <sect2 xml:id="security">
 141       <title>Security Advisories</title>
 142
 143       &security;
 144     </sect2>
 145
 146     <sect2 xml:id="errata">
 147       <title>Errata Notices</title>
 148
 149       &errata;
 150     </sect2>
 151   </sect1>
 152
 153   <sect1 xml:id="userland">
 154     <title>Userland</title>
 155
 156     <para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
 157       applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
 158
 159     <sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
 160       <title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
 161
 162       <para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
 163         includes files in the
 164         <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
 165         <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
 166         directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
 167
 168       <para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
 169         updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
 170         <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
 171         defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
 172         if unset.</para>
 173
 174       <para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
 175         &man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
 176     </sect2>
 177
 178     <sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
 179       <title>Userland Application Changes</title>
 180
 181       <para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
 182         &google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
 183         added, which provides access to functionality that is not
 184         available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
 185         sandbox.</para>
 186
 187       <para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
 188         &man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
 189         &man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
 190         <quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
 191
 192       <para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
 193         devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
 194         their device name instead of just the selector.  Additionally,
 195         an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
 196         to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
 197         device.</para>
 198
 199       <para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
 200         has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>.  This allows
 201         the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
 202         device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
 203         to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
 204
 205       <para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
 206         devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
 207
 208       <para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
 209         network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
 210         privileges.</para>
 211
 212       <para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
 213         updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
 214         filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
 215         Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
 216         <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
 217         host system.</para>
 218
 219       <para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
 220         to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
 221         &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
 222
 223       <para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
 224         format has been changed to
 225         <literal>&dollar;2b&dollar;</literal>.</para>
 226
 227       <para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
 228         updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
 229         ends event collection after the specified number of
 230         seconds.</para>
 231
 232       <para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
 233         to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
 234         displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
 235         process.</para>
 236
 237       <para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
 238         been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
 239
 240       <para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
 241         updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
 242         <literal>4295098369</literal> and
 243         <literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
 244         change, it would be possible for returned values to be
 245         incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
 246
 247       <para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
 248         updated to include three options used to print information
 249         about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
 250
 251       <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
 252         <tgroup cols="2">
 253           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
 254           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
 255           <thead>
 256             <row>
 257               <entry>Option</entry>
 258               <entry>Output</entry>
 259             </row>
 260           </thead>
 261
 262           <tbody>
 263             <row>
 264               <entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
 265               <entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
 266                 utility</entry>
 267             </row>
 268
 269             <row>
 270               <entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
 271               <entry>The disk image file formats supported by
 272                 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
 273             </row>
 274
 275             <row>
 276               <entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
 277               <entry>The partition schemes supported by
 278                 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
 279             </row>
 280           </tbody>
 281         </tgroup>
 282       </informaltable>
 283
 284       <para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
 285         &man.dtrace.1; has been added.  With this change,
 286         &man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
 287         <acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
 288         values.</para>
 289
 290       <para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
 291         updated to support capability mode provided by
 292         &man.capsicum.4;.</para>
 293
 294       <para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 295         &man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
 296         determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
 297
 298       <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
 299         has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
 300         additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
 301
 302       <para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
 303         call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
 304         &os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
 305
 306       <para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
 307         &man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
 308         administrative changes to individual devices, such as
 309         attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
 310         devices.  The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
 311         &man.devctl.3; library.</para>
 312
 313       <para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 314         &man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
 315
 316       <para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
 317         sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
 318         been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
 319         a previous upgrade has not been thoroughly completed.</para>
 320
 321       <para revision="279122" contrib="sponsor"
 322         sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.netstat.1; utility has been
 323         updated to link against the &man.libxo.3; shared
 324         library.</para>
 325
 326       <para revision="281311" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 327         &man.ar.1; utility has been updated to set
 328         <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS</literal> and
 329         <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT</literal> to disallow
 330         directory traversal when extracting an archive, similar to
 331         &man.tar.1;.</para>
 332     </sect2>
 333
 334     <sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
 335       <title>Contributed Software</title>
 336
 337       <para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
 338         sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
 339         upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
 340
 341       <para revision="259626">Timezone data files have been updated to
 342         version 2013i.</para>
 343
 344       <para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
 345         version 20140101.</para>
 346
 347       <para revision="261071">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
 348         version 3.5.0.</para>
 349
 350       <para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
 351         been updated to version 3.4.</para>
 352
 353       <para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
 354         been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
 355
 356       <para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
 357         been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
 358
 359       <para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
 360         <application>Clang</application> have been updated to
 361         version 3.4.</para>
 362
 363       <para revision="266527"
 364         role="merged"><application>Sendmail</application> has been
 365         updated from 8.14.7 to 8.14.9.</para>
 366
 367       <para revision="276577"><application>file</application> has been
 368         updated to version 5.22.</para>
 369
 370       <para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
 371         suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
 372         patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
 373         support.</para>
 374
 375       <para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 376         <application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
 377         upstream revision r3136.</para>
 378
 379       <para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
 380         utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
 381         the base system.  The <filename
 382           role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
 383         installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
 384         needed.</para>
 385
 386       <para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
 387         object manipulation tools
 388         <application>addr2line</application>,
 389         <application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
 390         <application>nm</application>,
 391         <application>readelf</application>,
 392         <application>size</application>, and
 393         <application>strings</application> were switched to the
 394         versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
 395
 396       <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
 397         has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
 398         adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
 399         shell.</para>
 400
 401       <para revision="277270"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
 402         been updated to version 1.0.1l.</para>
 403
 404       <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
 405         to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
 406
 407       <para revision="278970">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
 408         updated to version 20150204.</para>
 409
 410       <para revision="280932" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 411         <application>elftoolchain</application> utilities have been
 412         updated to version 3179.</para>
 413
 414       <para revision="281316">The &man.xz.1; utility has been udpated
 415         to version 5.2.1.</para>
 416
 417       <para revision="281373">The &man.nvi.1; utility has been updated
 418         to version 2.1.3.</para>
 419
 420       <para revision="281806">The &man.wpa.supplicant.8; and
 421         &man.hostapd.8; utilties have been updated to version
 422         2.4.</para>
 423
 424       <para revision="281812"><application>bmake</application> has
 425         been updated to version 20150418.</para>
 426
 427       <para revision="282089">The &man.unbound.8; utility has been
 428         updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
 429     </sect2>
 430
 431     <sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
 432       <title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
 433
 434       <para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
 435         and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
 436         <acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
 437
 438       <para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
 439         &man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
 440         <literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
 441         <literal>off</literal> for the <filename
 442           class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
 443         contents of directories within <filename
 444           class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
 445         using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
 446         <filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
 447
 448       <para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
 449         updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
 450         <acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
 451         in a virtual machine, determined when the
 452         <literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
 453         <literal>1</literal>.</para>
 454
 455       <para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
 456         updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
 457         when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
 458     </sect2>
 459
 460     <sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
 461       <title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
 462         Scripts</title>
 463
 464       <para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
 465         updated to allow configuring services in <filename
 466           class="directory">&dollar;{LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
 467         If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
 468         <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
 469
 470       <para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
 471         &man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system.  An
 472         equivalent script is available from the <filename
 473           role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
 474
 475       <para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
 476         sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
 477         <filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
 478         automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
 479         boot.</para>
 480     </sect2>
 481
 482     <sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
 483       <title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
 484         Scripts</title>
 485
 486       <para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
 487         <filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
 488         crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
 489         <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
 490     </sect2>
 491
 492     <sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
 493       <title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
 494
 495       <para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
 496         statically linked in software within the base system, and the
 497         shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
 498         Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
 499
 500       <para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
 501         updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
 502         features <literal>%U</literal> and
 503         <literal>%W</literal>.</para>
 504
 505       <para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
 506         sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
 507         changed to always return the path name of the
 508         <acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
 509         <literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
 510
 511       <para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
 512         sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
 513         imported to the base system.</para>
 514
 515       <para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
 516         userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
 517         has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
 518         applications to work over compatible
 519         <acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
 520
 521       <para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
 522         providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
 523         interface.</para>
 524
 525       <para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
 526         <literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
 527         added.  See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
 528
 529       <para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
 530         has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
 531         allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
 532         userland applications and libraries without also linking
 533         against &man.elf.3;.</para>
 534
 535       <para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
 536         updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
 537         failure.</para>
 538
 539       <para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
 540         updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
 541         platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
 542         workloads.</para>
 543
 544       <para revision="281130">Several standard include headers have
 545         been updated to use of <application>gcc</application>
 546         attributes, such as <literal>__result_use_check()</literal>,
 547         <literal>__alloc_size()</literal>, and
 548         <literal>__nonnull()</literal>.</para>
 549
 550       <para revision="281845">Support for file verification in
 551         <acronym>MAC</acronym> has been added.</para>
 552     </sect2>
 553
 554     <sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
 555       <title>ABI Compatibility</title>
 556
 557       <para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
 558         been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>.  The
 559         <literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
 560         evaluated when building the <filename
 561           role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
 562         ports.</para>
 563     </sect2>
 564   </sect1>
 565
 566   <sect1 xml:id="kernel">
 567     <title>Kernel</title>
 568
 569     <para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
 570       tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
 571       categorized.</para>
 572
 573     <sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
 574       <title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
 575
 576       <para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
 577         functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
 578         &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
 579         Boost&nbsp;&trade; enabled has been fixed.</para>
 580
 581       <para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
 582         &man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
 583         &os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
 584         and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
 585         checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
 586
 587       <para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
 588         potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
 589         at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
 590
 591       <para revision="280930" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&mitail;">The
 592         kernel <acronym>RPC</acronym> has been updated to include
 593         several enhancements:</para>
 594
 595       <itemizedlist>
 596         <listitem>
 597           <para>The 45 MiB limit on requests queued for
 598             &man.nfsd.8; threads has been removed.</para>
 599         </listitem>
 600
 601         <listitem>
 602           <para>Avoids unnecessary throttling by not deferring
 603             accounting for completed requests.</para>
 604         </listitem>
 605
 606         <listitem>
 607           <para>Fixes an integer overflow and signedness bugs.</para>
 608         </listitem>
 609       </itemizedlist>
 610
 611       <para revision="281261" arch="powerpc">Support for
 612         &man.dtrace.1; has been added for the
 613         Book-E&nbsp;&trade;.</para>
 614     </sect2>
 615
 616     <sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
 617       <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
 618
 619       <para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
 620         kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
 621         which enables application execution through emulators, such
 622         as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
 623
 624       <para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
 625         configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
 626         driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
 627         To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
 628         at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
 629         <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
 630         reboot the system.</para>
 631
 632       <para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
 633         updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
 634           class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
 635         argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
 636
 637       <para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
 638         &os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
 639         a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
 640         loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
 641         address.</para>
 642
 643       <important>
 644         <para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
 645           The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
 646           system.</para>
 647       </important>
 648
 649       <para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
 650         arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
 651         (<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
 652         has been added.</para>
 653
 654       <para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
 655         arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
 656         &powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
 657         concurrency.</para>
 658     </sect2>
 659
 660     <sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
 661       <title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
 662
 663       <para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 664         &man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
 665         increased.  The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
 666         the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
 667
 668       <para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
 669         and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
 670         &man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
 671
 672       <para revision="280308" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 673         &man.devfs.5; device filesystem has been changed to disable
 674         updating timestamps for read/write operations.  A new
 675         &man.sysctl.8;, <literal>vfs.devfs.dotimes</literal> has been
 676         added, which when set to a non-zero value, enables updating
 677         timestamps for these operations.</para>
 678     </sect2>
 679   </sect1>
 680
 681   <sect1 xml:id="drivers">
 682     <title>Devices and Drivers</title>
 683
 684     <para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
 685       device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
 686
 687     <sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
 688       <title>Device Drivers</title>
 689
 690       <para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
 691         &man.uhso.4;.</para>
 692
 693       <para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
 694         and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
 695         Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
 696         only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
 697         returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts.  As
 698         this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
 699         has been added.</para>
 700
 701       <para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
 702         added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
 703         support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
 704         later.</para>
 705
 706       <para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
 707         replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
 708         &man.sysctl.8; with individual
 709         <literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
 710
 711       <para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
 712         to create a
 713         <filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
 714         device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
 715         userspace.</para>
 716
 717       <para revision="280183">The <literal>drm</literal> code has
 718         been updated to match &linux; version 3.8.13.</para>
 719     </sect2>
 720
 721     <sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
 722       <title>Storage Drivers</title>
 723
 724       <para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
 725         sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
 726         device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
 727         3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
 728
 729       <para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
 730           sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
 731         providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers.  The
 732         &man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
 733         To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
 734         <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
 735         <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
 736         &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
 737
 738       <note>
 739         <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
 740           version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
 741           <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
 742           &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
 743       </note>
 744
 745       <para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 746         &man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
 747         limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
 748         and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
 749         to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
 750
 751       <para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
 752         been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
 753     </sect2>
 754
 755     <sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
 756       <title>Network Drivers</title>
 757
 758       <para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
 759         BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
 760         &man.bge.4;.</para>
 761
 762       <para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino&trade;
 763         Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
 764
 765       <para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino&trade;
 766         Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
 767         system.</para>
 768
 769       <para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
 770         removed.  Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
 771         advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
 772         the default driver for this hardware since
 773         &os;&nbsp;7.0.</para>
 774
 775       <para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
 776         sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
 777         device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
 778         Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
 779
 780       <note>
 781         <para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
 782           the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
 783           interface.</para>
 784       </note>
 785
 786       <para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
 787         sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
 788         updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
 789
 790       <para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino&trade;
 791         Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
 792
 793       <para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
 794         sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
 795         5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
 796
 797       <para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
 798         to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
 799
 800       <para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
 801         which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
 802         a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network.  The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
 803         analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
 804         for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
 805
 806       <para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
 807         &man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
 808         been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
 809         &man.me.4;.</para>
 810     </sect2>
 811   </sect1>
 812
 813   <sect1 xml:id="hardware">
 814     <title>Hardware Support</title>
 815
 816     <para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
 817       machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
 818       as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
 819       other sections of this document.</para>
 820
 821     <sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
 822       <title>Hardware Support</title>
 823
 824       <para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
 825         updated to support the &apple;&nbsp;MacMini 3,1.</para>
 826
 827       <para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
 828         as of &os;&nbsp;11.</para>
 829
 830       <para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
 831         hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
 832         <literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
 833         <acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
 834         and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
 835
 836       <para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
 837         subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
 838         certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
 839         PowerBook&nbsp;&reg;.</para>
 840
 841       <para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
 842         driver has been updated to correct performance counter
 843         sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
 844
 845       <para revision="281713" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
 846         driver has been updated to support the Freescale e500
 847         core.</para>
 848
 849       <para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
 850         sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
 851         <application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
 852         updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
 853         <literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
 854         added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
 855     </sect2>
 856
 857     <sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
 858       <title>Virtualization Support</title>
 859
 860       <para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
 861           Delivery</quote> feature of &intel;&nbsp;VT-x is enabled if
 862         supported by the CPU.  This feature can be disabled by running
 863         <literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
 864         Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
 865         <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
 866         <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
 867
 868       <para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
 869           Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU.  This
 870         feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
 871           hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>.  Additionally, to
 872         persist this setting across reboots, add
 873         <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
 874         <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
 875
 876       <para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
 877         &man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
 878
 879       <para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
 880         &man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
 881
 882       <para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
 883         been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
 884
 885       <para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
 886         bhyve.</para>
 887
 888       <para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
 889         sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
 890         <application>Xen</application> guest instance as
 891         <acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
 892         <acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
 893           Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
 894         I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
 895         tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
 896
 897       <para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
 898         been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
 899         devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
 900
 901       <para revision="279957">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
 902         updated to support <literal>DSM TRIM</literal> commands for
 903         virtual <acronym>AHCI</acronym> disks.</para>
 904
 905       <para revision="281439" arch="arm">Support for the
 906         <application>QEMU</application> <literal>virt</literal> system
 907         has been added.</para>
 908     </sect2>
 909
 910     <sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
 911       <title>ARM Support</title>
 912
 913       <para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
 914         ARM devices by default.</para>
 915
 916       <para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
 917         instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
 918         Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
 919
 920       <para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
 921         driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
 922         frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
 923         <acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
 924
 925       <para revision="280259" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Initial
 926         support for the ARM AArch64 architecture has been
 927         added.</para>
 928     </sect2>
 929   </sect1>
 930
 931   <sect1 xml:id="storage">
 932     <title>Storage</title>
 933
 934     <para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
 935       and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
 936
 937     <sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
 938       <title>General Storage</title>
 939
 940       <para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 941         &man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
 942         replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
 943         with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
 944
 945       <para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 946         &man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
 947         non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
 948     </sect2>
 949
 950     <sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
 951       <title>Networked Storage</title>
 952
 953       <para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
 954         filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
 955         The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
 956         other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS&nbsp;X&trade;
 957         and Solaris&trade;.  The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
 958         a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
 959         is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
 960         and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
 961         daemons.</para>
 962     </sect2>
 963
 964     <sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
 965       <title>ZFS</title>
 966
 967       <para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
 968         statistics are now visible through the
 969         <literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;.  As a result of this
 970         change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
 971         &man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
 972         <literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
 973         &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
 974     </sect2>
 975
 976     <sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
 977       <title>&man.geom.4;</title>
 978
 979       <para revision="267359">Support for the
 980         <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
 981         added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
 982     </sect2>
 983   </sect1>
 984
 985   <sect1 xml:id="boot">
 986     <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
 987
 988     <para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
 989       boot-related changes.</para>
 990
 991     <sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
 992       <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
 993
 994       <para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
 995         default system console driver.  The &man.syscons.4; driver is
 996         still available, and can be enabled by adding
 997         <literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
 998         Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
 999         entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
1000         &man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
1001
1002       <para revision="281616">The boot loader has been updated to
1003         support entering the <acronym>GELI</acronym> passphrase before
1004         loading the kernel.  To enable this behavior, add
1005         <literal>geom_eli_passphrase_prompt="YES"</literal> to
1006         &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
1007     </sect2>
1008
1009     <sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
1010       <title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
1011
1012       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1013     </sect2>
1014   </sect1>
1015
1016   <sect1 xml:id="network">
1017     <title>Networking</title>
1018
1019     <para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
1020       &os;.</para>
1021
1022     <sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
1023       <title>Network Procols</title>
1024
1025       <para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
1026         protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
1027         &os;&nbsp;11 and later releases.</para>
1028
1029       <para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
1030         sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1031         blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
1032         added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default.  New
1033         control tunables have been added:</para>
1034
1035       <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1036         <tgroup cols="2">
1037           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1038           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1039           <thead>
1040             <row>
1041               <entry>Tunable</entry>
1042               <entry>Description</entry>
1043             </row>
1044           </thead>
1045
1046           <tbody>
1047             <row>
1048               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
1049               <entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1050                 blackhole detection</entry>
1051             </row>
1052
1053             <row>
1054               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1055               <entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
1056             </row>
1057
1058             <row>
1059               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1060               <entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
1061             </row>
1062           </tbody>
1063         </tgroup>
1064       </informaltable>
1065
1066       <para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
1067
1068       <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1069         <tgroup cols="2">
1070           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1071           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1072           <thead>
1073             <row>
1074               <entry>Tunable</entry>
1075               <entry>Description</entry>
1076             </row>
1077           </thead>
1078
1079           <tbody>
1080             <row>
1081               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
1082               <entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
1083                 downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1084             </row>
1085
1086             <row>
1087               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
1088               <entry>Number of times the blackhole
1089                 <acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
1090                 downshift</entry>
1091             </row>
1092
1093             <row>
1094               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
1095               <entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
1096                 connect after downshifting the
1097                 <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1098             </row>
1099           </tbody>
1100         </tgroup>
1101       </informaltable>
1102
1103       <para revision="280971" contrib="sponsor"
1104         sponsor="&netflix;, &nginx;">Support for <acronym>IP</acronym>
1105         identification for atomic datagrams (<acronym>RFC</acronym>
1106         6864) has been added.  Support for this feature can be toggled
1107         with the <literal>net.inet.ip.rfc6864</literal>
1108         &man.sysctl.8;, which is enabled by default.</para>
1109     </sect2>
1110   </sect1>
1111
1112   <sect1 xml:id="ports">
1113     <title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
1114
1115     <para>This section covers changes to the &os;&nbsp;Ports
1116       Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
1117       installation tools.</para>
1118
1119     <sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
1120       <title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
1121
1122       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1123     </sect2>
1124
1125     <sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
1126       <title>Packaging Changes</title>
1127
1128       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1129     </sect2>
1130   </sect1>
1131
1132   <sect1 xml:id="doc">
1133     <title>Documentation</title>
1134
1135     <para>This section covers changes to the &os;&nbsp;Documentation
1136       Project sources and toolchain.</para>
1137
1138     <sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
1139       <title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
1140
1141       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1142     </sect2>
1143
1144     <sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
1145       <title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
1146
1147       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1148     </sect2>
1149   </sect1>
1150
1151   <sect1 xml:id="releng">
1152     <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1153
1154     <para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
1155       &os;&nbsp;Release Engineering processes.</para>
1156
1157     <sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
1158       <title>Integration Changes</title>
1159
1160       <para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1161         Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1162         support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
1163         cloud hosting providers.</para>
1164
1165       <para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
1166         been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;.  By default,
1167         the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
1168         available.</para>
1169     </sect2>
1170   </sect1>
1171 </article>