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4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
6 <!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
8 <!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
10 <!ENTITY security SYSTEM "../../share/xml/security.xml">
11 <!ENTITY errata SYSTEM "../../share/xml/errata.xml">
13 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
14 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
17 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
20 <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
23 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
25 <!-- Last rev: 284814 -->
29 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
33 <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
43 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
44 a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
45 &release.branch; development line. This document lists
46 applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
47 release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
48 userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
53 <sect1 xml:id="intro">
54 <title>Introduction</title>
56 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
57 &release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or
58 deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on
59 upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
61 <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
62 which these release notes apply represents the latest point
63 along the &release.branch; development branch since
64 &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built,
65 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
67 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
69 <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
70 which these release notes apply represents a point along the
71 &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
72 the future &release.next;. Information regarding pre-built,
73 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
75 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
77 <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
78 &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be
79 found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
80 any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or
81 other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
83 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
84 &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
85 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
86 Handbook</link>.</para>
88 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
89 before installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
90 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
91 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
92 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
93 to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
94 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
96 <para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
97 features in &os; since &release.prev;. In general, changes
98 described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
99 specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
101 <para>Typical release note items document recent security
102 advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
103 support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
104 contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to
105 major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly
106 the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
107 between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
108 advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
112 <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
113 <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
115 <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
116 (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
117 using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade
118 procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
119 unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
120 &os; release. The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
121 the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
123 <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
124 base system from source code) from previous versions are
125 supported, according to the instructions in
126 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
129 <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
130 <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
134 <sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
135 <title>Security and Errata</title>
137 <para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
138 Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
140 <sect2 xml:id="security">
141 <title>Security Advisories</title>
146 <sect2 xml:id="errata">
147 <title>Errata Notices</title>
153 <sect1 xml:id="userland">
154 <title>Userland</title>
156 <para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
157 applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
159 <sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
160 <title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
162 <para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
163 includes files in the
164 <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
165 <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
166 directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
168 <para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
169 updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
170 <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
171 defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
174 <para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
175 &man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
177 <para revision="285169">The <application>ntp</application> suite
178 has been updated to version 4.2.8p3.</para>
181 <sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
182 <title>Userland Application Changes</title>
184 <para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
185 &google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
186 added, which provides access to functionality that is not
187 available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
190 <para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
191 &man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
192 &man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
193 <quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
195 <para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
196 devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
197 their device name instead of just the selector. Additionally,
198 an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
199 to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
202 <para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
203 has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. This allows
204 the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
205 device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
206 to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
208 <para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
209 devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
211 <para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
212 network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
215 <para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
216 updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
217 filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
218 Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
219 <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
222 <para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
223 to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
224 &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
226 <para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
227 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
228 ends event collection after the specified number of
231 <para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
232 to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
233 displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
236 <para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
237 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
239 <para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
240 updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
241 <literal>4295098369</literal> and
242 <literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
243 change, it would be possible for returned values to be
244 incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
246 <para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
247 updated to include three options used to print information
248 about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
250 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
252 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
253 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
256 <entry>Option</entry>
257 <entry>Output</entry>
263 <entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
264 <entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
269 <entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
270 <entry>The disk image file formats supported by
271 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
275 <entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
276 <entry>The partition schemes supported by
277 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
283 <para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
284 &man.dtrace.1; has been added. With this change,
285 &man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
286 <acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
289 <para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
290 updated to support capability mode provided by
291 &man.capsicum.4;.</para>
293 <para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
294 &man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
295 determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
297 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
298 has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
299 additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
301 <para revision="276893" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
302 &man.mkimg.1; utility has been updated to support the
303 <acronym>MBR</acronym> <acronym>EFI</acronym> partition
306 <para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
307 call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
308 &os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
310 <para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
311 &man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
312 administrative changes to individual devices, such as
313 attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
314 devices. The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
315 &man.devctl.3; library.</para>
317 <para revision="279122" contrib="sponsor"
318 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.netstat.1; utility has been
319 updated to link against the &man.libxo.3; shared
322 <para revision="279139">A new flag, <literal>-c</literal>, has
323 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility, which allows
324 specifying the capacity of the target disk image.</para>
326 <para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
327 &man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
329 <para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
330 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
331 been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
332 a previous upgrade has not been thoroughly completed.</para>
334 <para revision="280870">A regression in the &man.libarchive.3;
335 library that would prevent a directory from being included in
336 the archive when <literal>--one-file-system</literal> is used
337 has been fixed.</para>
339 <para revision="281311" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
340 &man.ar.1; utility has been updated to set
341 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS</literal> and
342 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT</literal> to disallow
343 directory traversal when extracting an archive, similar to
346 <para revision="281617">A race condition in &man.wc.1; that
347 would cause final results to be sent to &man.stderr.4; when
348 receiving the <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal has been
351 <para revision="282208" contrib="sponsor"
352 sponsor="&multiplay;">The &man.chflags.1;, &man.chgrp.1;,
353 &man.chmod.1;, and &man.chown.8; utilities now affect symbolic
354 links when the <literal>-R</literal> flag is specified, as
355 documented in &man.symlink.7;.</para>
357 <para revision="282608">The &man.date.1; utility has been
358 updated to print the modification time of the file passed as
359 an argument to the <literal>-r</literal> flag, improving
360 compatibility with the <acronym>GNU</acronym> &man.date.1;
361 utility behavior.</para>
363 <para revision="283961">The &man.pw.8; utility has been updated
364 with a new flag, <literal>-R</literal>, that sets the root
365 directory within which the utility will operate.</para>
367 <para revision="284297" contrib="sponsor"
368 sponsor="&clusterhq;">The &man.lockstat.1; utility has been
369 updated with several improvements:</para>
373 <para>Spin locks are now reported as the amount of time
374 spinning, instead of loop iterations.</para>
378 <para>Reader locks are now recognized as adaptive that can
383 <para>Lock aquisition events for successful reader try-lock
384 events are now reported.</para>
388 <para>Spin and block events are now reported before lock
389 acquisition events.</para>
393 <para revision="284589" contrib="sponsor"
394 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.fstyp.8; utility has been
395 updated to be able to detect &man.zfs.8; and &man.geli.8;
398 <para revision="284883">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
399 updated to include support for <literal>NTFS</literal>
400 filesystems in both <acronym>MBR</acronym> and
401 <acronym>GPT</acronym> partitioning schemes.</para>
403 <para revision="285253">The &man.quota.1; utility has been
404 updated to include support for <acronym>IPv6</acronym>.</para>
406 <para revision="285420">The &man.jail.8; utility has been
407 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
408 ensures a clean environment in the target jail when used.
409 Additionally, &man.jail.8; will run a shell within the target
410 jail when run no commands are specified.</para>
412 <para revision="285550">The &man.w.1; utility has been updated
413 to display the full IPv6 remote address of the host from which
414 a user is connected.</para>
416 <para revision="285685">The &man.jail.8; framework has been
417 updated to allow mounting &man.linprocfs.5; and
418 &man.linsysfs.5; within a jail.</para>
420 <para revision="285772" contrib="sponsor"
421 sponsor="&emcisilon;">The &man.patch.1; utility has been
422 updated to include a new option to the <literal>-V</literal>
423 flag, <literal>none</literal>, which disables backup file
424 creation when applying a patch.</para>
426 <para revision="286010" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
427 &man.ar.1; utility now enables deterministic mode
428 (<literal>-D</literal>) by default. This behavior can be
429 disabled by specifying the <literal>-U</literal> flag.</para>
431 <para revision="286289" contrib="sponsor"
432 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.xargs.1; utility has been
433 updated to allow specifying <literal>0</literal> as an
434 argument to the <literal>-P</literal> (parallel mode) flag,
435 which allows creating as many concurrent processes as
438 <para revision="286795">The &man.patch.1; utility has been
439 updated to remove the automatic checkout feature.</para>
441 <para revision="287473" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&gandi;">A
442 new utility, &man.sesutil.8;, has been added, which is used
443 to manage &man.ses.4; devices.</para>
445 <para revision="287522">The &man.pciconf.8; utility has been
446 updated to use the PCI ID database from the <filename
447 role="package">misc/pciids</filename> package, if present,
448 falling back to the PCI ID database in the &os; base
451 <para revision="287842" contrib="sponsor"
452 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.ifconfig.8; utility has been
453 updated to always exit with an error code if an important
454 &man.ioctl.2; fails.</para>
457 <sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
458 <title>Contributed Software</title>
460 <para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
461 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
462 upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
464 <para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
465 version 20140101.</para>
467 <para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
468 been updated to version 3.4.</para>
470 <para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
471 been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
473 <para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
474 been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
476 <para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
477 <application>Clang</application> have been updated to
480 <para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
481 suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
482 patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
485 <para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
486 <application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
487 upstream revision r3136.</para>
489 <para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
490 utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
491 the base system. The <filename
492 role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
493 installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
496 <para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
497 object manipulation tools
498 <application>addr2line</application>,
499 <application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
500 <application>nm</application>,
501 <application>readelf</application>,
502 <application>size</application>, and
503 <application>strings</application> were switched to the
504 versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
506 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
507 has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
508 adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
511 <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
512 to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
514 <para revision="280932" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
515 <application>elftoolchain</application> utilities have been
516 updated to version 3179.</para>
518 <para revision="281316">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
519 to version 5.2.1.</para>
521 <para revision="281373">The &man.nvi.1; utility has been updated
522 to version 2.1.3.</para>
524 <para revision="281806">The &man.wpa.supplicant.8; and
525 &man.hostapd.8; utilities have been updated to version
528 <para revision="282089">The &man.unbound.8; utility has been
529 updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
531 <para revision="282434" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
532 &man.resolvconf.8; utility has been updated to version
535 <para revision="282613">The &man.nc.1; utility has been updated
536 to the OpenBSD 5.7 version.</para>
538 <para revision="284254"><application>bmake</application> has
539 been updated to version 20150606.</para>
541 <para revision="285229"><application>sendmail</application> has
542 been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with &os; 11.0 and
543 sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
544 default, i.e., they will not contain <quote>::</quote>. For
545 example, instead of <quote>::1</quote>, it will be
546 <quote>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1</quote>. This permits a zero subnet to
547 have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
548 IPv6:0:0 versus IPv6:0. This change requires that
549 configuration data (including maps, files, classes, custom
550 ruleset, etc.) must use the same format, so make certain such
551 configuration data is upgrading. As a very simple check
552 search for patterns like 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.
553 To return to the old behavior, set the m4 option
554 <literal>confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES</literal> or the cf
555 option <literal>UseCompressedIPv6Addresses</literal>.</para>
557 <para revision="285275">The &man.tcpdump.1; utility has been
558 updated to version 4.7.4.</para>
560 <para revision="285329"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
561 been updated to version 1.0.1p.</para>
563 <para revision="285642" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&dell;">The
564 &man.ssh.1; utility has been updated to re-implement hostname
565 canonicalization before locating the host in
566 <filename>known_hosts</filename>.</para>
568 <para revision="285972">The &man.libarchive.3; library has been
569 updated to properly skip a sparse file entry in a &man.tar.1;
570 file, which would previously produce errors.</para>
572 <para revision="286503">The <application>apr</application>
573 library used by &man.svnlite.1; has been updated to version
576 <para revision="286505">The <application>serf</application>
577 library used by &man.svnlite.1; has been updated to version
580 <para revision="286505">The &man.svnlite.1; utility has been
581 updated to version 1.8.14.</para>
583 <para revision="286510">The <application>sqlite3</application>
584 library used by &man.svnlite.1; and &man.kerberos.8; has been
585 updated to version 3.8.11.1.</para>
587 <para revision="286750">Timezone data files have been updated to
588 version 2015f.</para>
590 <para revision="287168">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
591 updated to version 20150818.</para>
593 <para revision="288090">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
594 version 4.0.2.</para>
596 <para revision="288143">The &man.file.1; utility has been
597 updated to version 5.25.</para>
600 <sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
601 <title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
603 <para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
604 and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
605 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
607 <para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
608 &man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
609 <literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
610 <literal>off</literal> for the <filename
611 class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
612 contents of directories within <filename
613 class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
614 using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
615 <filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
617 <para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
618 updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
619 <acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
620 in a virtual machine, determined when the
621 <literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
622 <literal>1</literal>.</para>
624 <para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
625 updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
626 when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
628 <para revision="285557" contrib="sponsor"
629 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
630 aligning partitions on 1Mb boundaries has been added to
631 &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
633 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
634 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
635 a workaround for various laptops and motherboards that do not
636 boot properly from <acronym>GPT</acronym>-partitioned disks
637 has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;. Additionally, the
638 <literal>active</literal> flag will be set on the partition
641 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
642 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for selecting the partitioning
643 scheme when installing on the <acronym>UFS</acronym>
644 filesystem has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
647 <sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
648 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
651 <para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
652 updated to allow configuring services in <filename
653 class="directory">${LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
654 If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
655 <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
657 <para revision="273955">A new &man.rc.8; script,
658 <filename>growfs</filename>, has been added, which will resize
659 the root filesystem on boot if <filename>/firstboot</filename>
662 <para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
663 &man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system. An
664 equivalent script is available from the <filename
665 role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
667 <para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
668 sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
669 <filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
670 automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
673 <para revision="287576" contrib="sponsor"
674 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.service.8; utility has been
675 updated to honor entries within <filename
676 class="directory">/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.</para>
680 <sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
681 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
684 <para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
685 <filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
686 crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
687 <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
689 <para revision="277216" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
690 &man.periodic.8; script,
691 <filename>510.status-world-kernel</filename>, has been added,
692 which evaluates the running userland and kernel versions from
693 the &man.uname.1; <literal>-U</literal> and
694 <literal>-K</literal> arguments, and prints an error if the
695 system userland and kernel are not in sync.</para>
698 <sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
699 <title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
701 <para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
702 format has been changed to
703 <literal>$2b$</literal>.</para>
705 <para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
706 statically linked in software within the base system, and the
707 shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
708 Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
710 <para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
711 updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
712 features <literal>%U</literal> and
713 <literal>%W</literal>.</para>
715 <para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
716 sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
717 changed to always return the path name of the
718 <acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
719 <literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
721 <para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
722 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
723 imported to the base system.</para>
725 <para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
726 userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
727 has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
728 applications to work over compatible
729 <acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
731 <para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
732 providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
735 <para revision="275800" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
736 &man.procctl.2; system call has been updated to include
737 a facility for non-&man.init.8; processes to be declared as
738 the reaper of child processes and their decendants.</para>
740 <para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
741 <literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
742 added. See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
744 <para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
745 has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
746 allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
747 userland applications and libraries without also linking
748 against &man.elf.3;.</para>
750 <para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
751 updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
754 <para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
755 updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
756 platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
759 <para revision="281130">Several standard include headers have
760 been updated to use of <application>gcc</application>
761 attributes, such as <literal>__result_use_check()</literal>,
762 <literal>__alloc_size()</literal>, and
763 <literal>__nonnull()</literal>.</para>
765 <para revision="281845">Support for file verification in
766 <acronym>MAC</acronym> has been added.</para>
768 <para revision="282973" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
769 <literal>libgomp</literal> library is now only built when
770 building <acronym>GCC</acronym> from the base system. An
771 up-to-date version is available in the Ports Collection as
773 role="package">devel/libiomp5-devel</filename>.</para>
775 <para revision="282988">The <filename>stdlib.h</filename> and
776 <filename>malloc.h</filename> headers have been updated to
777 make use of the <application>gcc</application>
778 <literal>alloc_align()</literal> attribute.</para>
780 <para revision="284483" contrib="sponsor"
781 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; library
782 has been updated to support $2y$ hashes.</para>
784 <para revision="285277">The &man.execl.3; and &man.execlp.3;
785 library functions have been updated to use the
786 <literal>__sentinel</literal> <application>gcc</application>
790 <sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
791 <title>ABI Compatibility</title>
793 <para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
794 been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>. The
795 <literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
796 evaluated when building the <filename
797 role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
802 <sect1 xml:id="kernel">
803 <title>Kernel</title>
805 <para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
806 tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
809 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
810 <title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
812 <para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
813 functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
814 &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
815 Boost ™ enabled has been fixed.</para>
817 <para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
818 &man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
819 &os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
820 and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
821 checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
823 <para revision="271917">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
824 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gif.4; has
827 <para revision="271918">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
828 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gre.4; has
831 <para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
832 potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
833 at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
835 <para revision="280930" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&mitail;">The
836 kernel <acronym>RPC</acronym> has been updated to include
837 several enhancements:</para>
841 <para>The 45 MiB limit on requests queued for
842 &man.nfsd.8; threads has been removed.</para>
846 <para>Avoids unnecessary throttling by not deferring
847 accounting for completed requests.</para>
851 <para>Fixes an integer overflow and signedness bugs.</para>
855 <para revision="281261" arch="powerpc">Support for
856 &man.dtrace.1; has been added for the
857 Book-E ™.</para>
859 <para revision="287886" contrib="sponsor"
860 sponsor="&multiplay;">The &man.kqueue.2; system call has been
861 updated to handle write events to files larger than 2
865 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
866 <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
868 <para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
869 kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
870 which enables application execution through emulators, such
871 as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
873 <para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
874 configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
875 driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
876 To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
877 at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
878 <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
879 reboot the system.</para>
881 <para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
882 updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
883 class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
884 argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
886 <para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
887 &os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
888 a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
889 loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
893 <para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
894 The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
898 <para revision="278338" arch="arm">A new module for creating
899 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> has been added for the Raspberry
902 <para revision="278340" arch="arm">The
903 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> module is now installed to
904 <filename class="directory">/boot/dtb/</filename> by
905 default for the Raspberry Pi system.</para>
907 <para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
908 arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
909 (<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
910 has been added.</para>
912 <para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
913 arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
914 &powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
917 <para revision="279824" arch="arm">A new module for creating
918 the <filename>dtb</filename> module for AM335x systems has
921 <para revision="281495" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
922 <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal> kernel configuration option has
923 been added for &os;/&arch.i386;, which instructs &man.pmap.9;
924 to use <acronym>PAE</acronym> format for page tables while
925 maintaining a 32-bit physical address size elsewhere in the
926 kernel. The use of this option can enhance application-level
927 security by enabling the creation of <quote>no execute</quote>
928 mappings on modern &arch.i386; processors. Unlike the
929 <literal>PAE</literal> option, <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>
930 preserves kernel binary interface (<acronym>KBI</acronym>)
931 compatibility with non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernels,
932 allowing non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernel modules and drivers
933 to work with a <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>-enabled kernel.
934 Additionally, system limits are tuned for 4GB maximum
935 <acronym>RAM</acronym>, avoiding kernel virtual address space
936 (<acronym>KVA</acronym>) exhaustion.</para>
938 <para revision="282215">The <literal>SIFTR</literal> kernel
939 configuration has been added, allowing building &man.siftr.4;
940 statically into the kernel.</para>
942 <para revision="282731" arch="arm">The &arch.arm; boot loader,
943 <filename>ubldr</filename>, is now relocatable. In addition,
944 <filename>ubldr.bin</filename> is now created during build
945 time, which is a stripped binary with an entry point of
946 <literal>0</literal>, providing the ability to specify the
947 load address by running <literal>go
948 ${loadaddr}</literal> in
949 <literal>u-boot</literal>.</para>
951 <para revision="282921" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&intelcorp;"
952 arch="amd64,i386">The &man.nvd.4; and &man.nvme.4; drivers are
953 now included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
954 configuration by default.</para>
956 <para revision="283959" contrib="sponsor"
957 sponsor="&limelight;">A new kernel configuration option,
958 <literal>EM_MULTIQUEUE</literal>, has been added which enables
959 multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver.</para>
962 <para>Multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver is not
963 officially supported by &intel;.</para>
966 <para revision="285142" contrib="sponsor"
967 sponsor="&netgate;">The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
968 configuration has been updated to include the
969 <literal>IPSEC</literal> option by default.</para>
971 <para revision="285387" contrib="sponsor"
972 sponsor="&norse;, &dell;">Initial <acronym>NUMA</acronym>
973 affinity and policy configuration has been added. See
974 &man.numactl.1;, and &man.numa.getaffinity.2;, for usage
977 <para revision="286231">The &man.pms.4; driver has been added
978 to the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel configuration for
979 supported architectures.</para>
981 <para revision="287306" arch="arm">The
982 <filename>CUBIEBOARD2</filename> kernel configuration has been
983 renamed to <filename>A20</filename>.</para>
986 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
987 <title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
989 <para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
990 &man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
991 increased. The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
992 the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
994 <para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
995 and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
996 &man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
998 <para revision="280308,280949" contrib="sponsor"
999 sponsor="&ix;, &ff;">The &man.devfs.5; device filesystem has
1000 been changed to update timestamps for read/write operations
1001 using seconds precision. A new &man.sysctl.8;,
1002 <literal>vfs.devfs.dotimes</literal> has been added, which
1003 when set to a non-zero value, enables default precision
1004 timestamps for these operations.</para>
1006 <para revision="282213" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
1007 &man.sysctl.8;, <literal>kern.racct.enable</literal>, has been
1008 added, which when set to a non-zero value allows using
1009 &man.rctl.8; with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
1010 A new kernel configuration option,
1011 <literal>RACCT_DISABLED</literal> has also been added.</para>
1013 <para revision="282901" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1014 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration now includes
1015 <literal>RACCT</literal> and <literal>RCTL</literal> by
1019 <para>To enable <literal>RACCT</literal> and
1020 <literal>RCTL</literal> on a system using the
1021 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration, add
1022 <literal>kern.racct.enable=1</literal> to
1023 &man.loader.conf.5;, and reboot the system.</para>
1026 <para revision="283136" contrib="sponsor"
1027 sponsor="&limelight;">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
1028 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache.purgenow</literal>, has
1029 been added, which when set to <literal>1</literal> during
1030 runtime will flush all
1031 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache</literal> entries.</para>
1033 <para revision="285524">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
1034 <literal>hw.model</literal>, has been added, which displays
1035 <acronym>CPU</acronym> model information.</para>
1037 <para revision="286591">The &man.uart.4; driver has been
1038 updated to allow tuning packets per second captured during
1043 <sect1 xml:id="drivers">
1044 <title>Devices and Drivers</title>
1046 <para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
1047 device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
1049 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
1050 <title>Device Drivers</title>
1052 <para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
1053 &man.uhso.4;.</para>
1055 <para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
1056 and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
1057 Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
1058 only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
1059 returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts. As
1060 this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
1061 has been added.</para>
1063 <para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
1064 added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
1065 support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
1068 <para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
1069 replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
1070 &man.sysctl.8; with individual
1071 <literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
1073 <para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
1075 <filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
1076 device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
1079 <para revision="280183">The <literal>drm</literal> code has
1080 been updated to match &linux; version 3.8.13.</para>
1082 <para revision="281440">The &man.psm.4; driver has been updated
1083 to include improved support for newer Synaptics ®
1084 touchpads and the ClickPad ® mouse on newer
1085 Lenovo ™ laptops.</para>
1087 <para revision="282783" arch="powerpc">Support for the Freescale
1088 <acronym>PCI</acronym> Root Complex device has been
1091 <para revision="285876">The &man.cyapa.4; driver has been added,
1092 supporting the Cypress APA I2C trackpad.</para>
1094 <para revision="285883">The &man.isl.4; driver has been added,
1095 supporting the Intersil I2C ISL29018 digital ambient light
1099 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
1100 <title>Storage Drivers</title>
1102 <para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
1103 sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
1104 device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
1105 3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
1107 <para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
1108 sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
1109 providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers. The
1110 &man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
1111 To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
1112 <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
1113 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
1114 &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
1117 <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
1118 version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
1119 <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
1120 &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
1123 <para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1124 &man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
1125 limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
1126 and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
1127 to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
1129 <para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
1130 been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
1132 <para revision="281387">The &man.hptnr.4; driver has been
1133 updated to version 1.1.1.</para>
1135 <para revision="285662">The &man.pms.4; driver has been added,
1136 providing support for the PMC Sierra line of
1137 <acronym>SAS</acronym>/<acronym>SATA</acronym> host bus
1140 <para revision="287117" contrib="sponsor"
1141 sponsor="&emcisilon;">The &man.ioat.4; driver has been added,
1142 providing support for the <acronym>PSE</acronym> (Platform
1143 Storage Extension).</para>
1145 <para revision="287621" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1146 <acronym>CTL</acronym> High Availability implementation has
1147 been rewritten.</para>
1150 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
1151 <title>Network Drivers</title>
1153 <para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
1154 BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
1157 <para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1158 Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
1160 <para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino™
1161 Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
1164 <para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
1165 removed. Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
1166 advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
1167 the default driver for this hardware since
1168 &os; 7.0.</para>
1170 <para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
1171 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
1172 device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
1173 Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
1176 <para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
1177 the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
1181 <para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
1182 sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
1183 updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
1185 <para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1186 Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
1188 <para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
1189 sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
1190 5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
1192 <para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
1193 to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
1195 <para revision="272906">The &man.pf.4; packet filter default hash
1196 has been changed from <literal>Jenkins</literal> to
1197 <literal>Murmur3</literal>, providing a 3-percent performance
1198 increase in packets-per-second.</para>
1200 <para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
1201 which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
1202 a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network. The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
1203 analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
1204 for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
1206 <para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
1207 &man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
1208 been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
1211 <para revision="278551">The &man.ral.4; driver has been updated
1212 to support the RT5390 and RT5392 chipsets.</para>
1214 <para revision="283514" contrib="sponsor"
1215 sponsor="&solarflare;">The &man.sfxge.4; driver has been
1216 updated to support Solarflare Flareon Ultra 7000-series
1219 <para revision="283766" contrib="sponsor"
1220 sponsor="&limelight;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
1221 with improved transmission queue hang detection.</para>
1223 <para revision="284125">The &man.cdce.4; driver has been updated
1224 to include support for the RTL8153 chipset.</para>
1226 <para revision="286441">The &man.iwm.4; driver has been imported
1227 from OpenBSD, providing support for &intel; 3160/7260/7265
1228 wireless chipsets.</para>
1230 <para revision="286829" contrib="sponsor"
1231 sponsor="&limelight;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
1232 to allow disabling <acronym>CRC</acronym> stripping.</para>
1234 <para revision="287222">The &man.pf.4; implementation has been
1235 updated to remove support for the <literal>scrub fragment
1236 crop|drop-ovl</literal> filtering rule. Systems with this
1237 rule in &man.pf.conf.5; will implicitly be converted to the
1238 <literal>scrub fragment reassemble</literal> filtering rule,
1239 without necessary intervention.</para>
1241 <para revision="287469" contrib="sponsor"
1242 sponsor="&intelcorp;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
1243 to support the Skylake I219 chipset.</para>
1247 <sect1 xml:id="hardware">
1248 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1250 <para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
1251 machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
1252 as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
1253 other sections of this document.</para>
1255 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
1256 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1258 <para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
1259 updated to support the &apple; MacMini 3,1.</para>
1261 <para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
1262 as of &os; 11.</para>
1264 <para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
1265 hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
1266 <literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
1267 <acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
1268 and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
1270 <para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
1271 subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
1272 certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
1273 PowerBook ®.</para>
1275 <para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1276 driver has been updated to correct performance counter
1277 sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
1279 <para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
1280 sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
1281 <application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
1282 updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
1283 <literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
1284 added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
1286 <para revision="281713" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1287 driver has been updated to support the Freescale e500
1290 <para revision="283766">The &man.ig4.4; driver has been added,
1291 providing support for the fourth generation &intel;
1292 <acronym>I2C</acronym> SMBus.</para>
1294 <para>The &man.uart.4; driver has been updated to support
1295 <acronym>AMT</acronym> devices on newer systems.</para>
1297 <para revision="285316" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
1298 arch="arm64">Initial <acronym>SMP</acronym> support has been
1299 added to the &os;/&arch.arm64; port.</para>
1302 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
1303 <title>Virtualization Support</title>
1305 <para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
1306 Delivery</quote> feature of &intel; VT-x is enabled if
1307 supported by the CPU. This feature can be disabled by running
1308 <literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
1309 Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
1310 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
1311 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1313 <para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
1314 Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU. This
1315 feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
1316 hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>. Additionally, to
1317 persist this setting across reboots, add
1318 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
1319 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1321 <para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1322 &man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
1324 <para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1325 &man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
1327 <para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
1328 been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
1330 <para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
1333 <para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
1334 sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
1335 <application>Xen</application> guest instance as
1336 <acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
1337 <acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
1338 Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
1339 I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
1340 tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
1342 <para revision="273375">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1343 updated to support &amd; processors with
1344 <acronym>SVM</acronym> and <acronym>AMD-V</acronym> hardware
1347 <para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
1348 been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
1349 devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
1351 <para revision="279957">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1352 updated to support <literal>DSM TRIM</literal> commands for
1353 virtual <acronym>AHCI</acronym> disks.</para>
1355 <para revision="281439" arch="arm">Support for the
1356 <application>QEMU</application> <literal>virt</literal> system
1357 has been added.</para>
1359 <para revision="282212" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1360 Hyper-V™ drivers have been updated with several
1361 enhancements:</para>
1365 <para>The &man.hv.vmbus.4; driver now has multi-channel
1370 <para>The &man.hv.storvsc.4; driver now has scatter/gather
1371 support, in addition to performance improvements.</para>
1375 <para>The &man.hv.kvp.4; driver has received several bug
1380 <para revision="282274">Support for &man.xen.4; para-virtualized
1381 <literal>domU</literal> kernels has been removed.</para>
1383 <para revision="284746" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1384 &man.hv.netvsc.4; driver has been updated to support checksum
1385 offloading and <acronym>TSO</acronym>.</para>
1387 <para revision="286062">The &man.xen.4; driver has been updated
1388 to include support for <literal>blkif</literal> indirect
1392 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
1393 <title>ARM Support</title>
1395 <para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
1396 ARM devices by default.</para>
1398 <para revision="266943" arch="arm">Support for the Exynos 5420
1399 Octa system has been added.</para>
1401 <para revision="267390" arch="arm">The <acronym>SMP</acronym>
1402 option has been enabled for all Exynos 5 systems supported by
1405 <para revision="268838" arch="arm">Support for the Toradex
1406 Apalis i.MX6 development board has been added.</para>
1408 <para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
1409 instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
1410 Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
1412 <para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
1413 driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
1414 frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
1415 <acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
1417 <para revision="277042" arch="arm">Support to turn off the
1418 BeagleBone Black system with the &man.shutdown.8;
1419 <literal>-p</literal> flag or by invoking &man.poweroff.8; has
1422 <para revision="277644" arch="arm">Audio transmission drivers
1423 have been added for Digital Audio Multiplexer
1424 (<acronym>AUDMUXM</acronym>), Smart Direct Memory Access
1425 Controller (<acronym>SDMA</acronym>), and Syncronous Serial
1426 Interface (<acronym>SSI</acronym>).</para>
1428 <para revision="280259" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1429 support for the ARM AArch64 architecture has been
1432 <para revision="282779" arch="arm">Kernel support for Thumb-2
1433 userland has been added.</para>
1435 <para revision="282827">Support for the hardware power button
1436 on the BeagleBone Black system has been added.</para>
1438 <para revision="284273" contrib="sponsor"
1439 sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1440 <acronym>ACPI</acronym> support has been added for
1441 &os;/&arch.arm64;.</para>
1443 <para revision="287225">Support for 1-Wire devices has been
1444 added, providing support for 1-Wire hardware through
1445 &man.gpio.4;. See &man.ow.4;, &man.owc.4;, and
1446 &man.ow.temp.4; for more information.</para>
1448 <para revision="287371" arch="arm64" contrib="sponsor"
1449 sponsor="&abt;">Support for the HiSilicon HI6220 SoC has been
1454 <sect1 xml:id="storage">
1455 <title>Storage</title>
1457 <para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
1458 and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
1460 <sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
1461 <title>General Storage</title>
1463 <para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1464 &man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
1465 replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
1466 with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
1468 <para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1469 &man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
1470 non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
1472 <para revision="275681" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1473 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1474 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-media</literal>, which
1475 allows automatically mounting removable media, such as
1476 <acronym>CD</acronym> drives or <acronym>USB</acronym> flash
1479 <para revision="279955" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1480 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1481 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-noauto</literal>, which
1482 handles &man.fstab.5; entries set to
1483 <literal>noauto</literal>.</para>
1485 <para revision="286444">The <acronym>GELI</acronym> class has
1486 been updated to support the <literal>BIO_DELETE</literal>
1487 &man.g.bio.9; <literal>bio_cmd</literal> field, providing
1488 <acronym>TRIM</acronym>/<acronym>UNMAP</acronym> support on
1489 <acronym>GELI</acronym>-backed <acronym>SSD</acronym> storage
1493 <sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
1494 <title>Networked Storage</title>
1496 <para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
1497 filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
1498 The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
1499 other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS X™
1500 and Solaris™. The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
1501 a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
1502 is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
1503 and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
1506 <para revision="273849" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Support
1507 for the <literal>timeo</literal>, <literal>actimeo</literal>,
1508 <literal>noac</literal>, and <literal>proto</literal> options
1509 have been added to &man.mount.nfs.8;.</para>
1512 <sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
1515 <para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
1516 statistics are now visible through the
1517 <literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;. As a result of this
1518 change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
1519 &man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
1520 <literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
1521 &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
1523 <para revision="287099" contrib="sponsor"
1524 sponsor="&clusterhq;">The &man.zfs.8; <literal>l2arc</literal>
1525 code has been updated to take <literal>ashift</literal> into
1526 account when gathering buffers to be written to the
1527 <literal>l2arc</literal> device.</para>
1530 <sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
1531 <title>&man.geom.4;</title>
1533 <para revision="267359">Support for the
1534 <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
1535 added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1537 <para revision="282465">Support for the
1538 <literal>apple-boot</literal>, <literal>apple-hfs</literal>,
1539 and <literal>apple-ufs</literal> <acronym>MBR</acronym>
1540 partitioning schemes have been added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1542 <para revision="285594" contrib="sponsor"
1543 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.gpart.8; utility has been
1544 updated to include a new attribute for <acronym>GPT</acronym>
1545 partitions, <literal>lenovofix</literal>, which when set,
1546 which works around <acronym>BIOS</acronym> compatibility
1547 issues reported on several Lenovo ™ laptops.</para>
1551 <sect1 xml:id="boot">
1552 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1554 <para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
1555 boot-related changes.</para>
1557 <sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
1558 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1560 <para revision="258431" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1561 memory test run at boot time on &os;/&arch.amd64; platforms
1562 has been disabled by default.</para>
1564 <para revision="262955">A new &man.ttys.5; class,
1565 <literal>3wire</literal>, has been added. This is similar to
1566 the existing terminal classes, but does not have a defined
1569 <para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
1570 default system console driver. The &man.syscons.4; driver is
1571 still available, and can be enabled by adding
1572 <literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
1573 Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
1574 entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
1575 &man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
1577 <para revision="279950">Support for <literal>bzipfs</literal>
1578 has been added to the <acronym>EFI</acronym> loader.</para>
1580 <para revision="281616">The boot loader has been updated to
1581 support entering the <acronym>GELI</acronym> passphrase before
1582 loading the kernel. To enable this behavior, add
1583 <literal>geom_eli_passphrase_prompt="YES"</literal> to
1584 &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
1586 <para revision="284683" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
1587 arch="arm">The &man.ttys.5; file for &os;/&arch.arm; has been
1588 updated to enable <filename>ttyu1</filename>,
1589 <filename>ttyu2</filename>, and <filename>ttyu3</filename> by
1590 default, if the callin port is an active console port.</para>
1593 <sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
1594 <title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
1600 <sect1 xml:id="network">
1601 <title>Networking</title>
1603 <para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
1606 <sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
1607 <title>Network Protocols</title>
1609 <para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
1610 protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
1611 &os; 11 and later releases.</para>
1613 <para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
1614 sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1615 blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
1616 added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default. New
1617 control tunables have been added:</para>
1619 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1621 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1622 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1625 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1626 <entry>Description</entry>
1632 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
1633 <entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1634 blackhole detection</entry>
1638 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1639 <entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
1643 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1644 <entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
1650 <para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
1652 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1654 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1655 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1658 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1659 <entry>Description</entry>
1665 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
1666 <entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
1667 downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1671 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
1672 <entry>Number of times the blackhole
1673 <acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
1678 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
1679 <entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
1680 connect after downshifting the
1681 <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1687 <para revision="280971" contrib="sponsor"
1688 sponsor="&netflix;, &nginx;">Support for <acronym>IP</acronym>
1689 identification for atomic datagrams (<acronym>RFC</acronym>
1690 6864) has been added. Support for this feature can be toggled
1691 with the <literal>net.inet.ip.rfc6864</literal>
1692 &man.sysctl.8;, which is enabled by default.</para>
1694 <para revision="285336" contrib="sponsor"
1695 sponsor="&netgate;">The <acronym>IPSEC</acronym> has been
1696 updated to include support for <acronym>AES</acronym> modes on
1697 both software-only and hardware-backed (&man.aesni.4;)
1700 <para revision="287798" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&dell;">The
1701 network stack has been updated to fix handling of
1702 <acronym>IPv6</acronym> On-Link redirects.</para>
1706 <sect1 xml:id="ports">
1707 <title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
1709 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Ports
1710 Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
1711 installation tools.</para>
1713 <sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
1714 <title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
1719 <sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
1720 <title>Packaging Changes</title>
1726 <sect1 xml:id="doc">
1727 <title>Documentation</title>
1729 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Documentation
1730 Project sources and toolchain.</para>
1732 <sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
1733 <title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
1738 <sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
1739 <title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
1745 <sect1 xml:id="releng">
1746 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1748 <para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
1749 &os; Release Engineering processes.</para>
1751 <sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
1752 <title>Integration Changes</title>
1754 <para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1755 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1756 support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
1757 cloud hosting providers.</para>
1759 <para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
1760 been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;. By default,
1761 the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
1764 <para revision="281802" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1765 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1766 support for building &os;/&arch.arm64; virtual machine and
1767 memory stick installation images.</para>
1769 <para revision="282693" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1770 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to support
1771 building &os;/&arch.arm; images without external utilities for
1772 supported boards where a corresponding
1773 <literal>u-boot</literal> port exists in the Ports
1776 <para revision="283307" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1777 &os;/&arch.i386; memory stick installation images are now
1778 created using the &man.mkimg.1; utility, matching the way
1779 the &os;/&arch.amd64; images are created.</para>