2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18 * must display the following acknowledgement:
19 * This product includes software developed by the University of
20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
23 * without specific prior written permission.
25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
39 static char const copyright[] =
40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
46 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
48 static const char rcsid[] =
49 "$FreeBSD: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.27.2.3 2001/08/01 01:37:35 obrien Exp $";
52 #include <sys/param.h>
55 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
56 #include <sys/filio.h>
72 static void dd_close __P((void));
73 static void dd_in __P((void));
74 int main __P((int, char *[]));
75 static void getfdtype __P((IO *));
76 static void setup __P((void));
78 IO in, out; /* input/output state */
79 STAT st; /* statistics */
80 void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */
81 quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */
82 off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */
83 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */
84 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */
85 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */
86 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */
93 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
97 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx);
98 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate);
115 if (in.name == NULL) {
117 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
119 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
121 err(1, "%s", in.name);
126 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
127 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
129 if (out.name == NULL) {
130 /* No way to check for read access here. */
131 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
135 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
136 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
138 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
139 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
143 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
147 err(1, "%s", out.name);
153 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
154 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
156 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
157 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
158 err(1, "input buffer");
160 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
161 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
162 err(1, "output buffer");
166 /* Position the input/output streams. */
173 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
174 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
176 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
178 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
179 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
182 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a
183 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the
186 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE)) {
187 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC)) {
188 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
189 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
190 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]);
192 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
193 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]);
196 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
197 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
198 casetab[cnt] = tolower((int)cnt);
200 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
201 casetab[cnt] = toupper((int)cnt);
207 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
208 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
218 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
219 err(1, "%s", io->name);
220 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
221 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
222 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
223 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
224 err(1, "%s", io->name);
228 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM)) {
232 (void)ioctl(io->fd, DIOCWLABEL, &one);
236 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
242 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
255 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
260 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (u_quad_t)cpy_cnt)
266 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
269 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
270 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
271 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
273 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
276 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
285 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
286 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
288 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
289 err(1, "%s", in.name);
294 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
295 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
296 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
297 * in sector size chunks.
299 if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
300 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
303 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
304 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
307 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
308 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
311 /* Handle full input blocks. */
312 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
313 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
316 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
318 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
319 if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
320 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
322 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
327 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
328 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
329 * is output without buffering as it is read.
331 if (ddflags & C_BS) {
332 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
338 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
339 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
343 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
352 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
360 else if (cfunc == block)
362 else if (cfunc == unblock)
364 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
365 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
366 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
368 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
369 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
371 if (out.dbcnt || pending)
386 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
387 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
388 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
389 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
391 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
392 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
393 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
394 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
395 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
398 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
399 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
402 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
403 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
405 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
406 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
407 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
413 if (sparse && !force) {
420 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
422 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
425 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
429 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
436 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
438 err(1, "%s", out.name);
443 if ((size_t)nw == n) {
451 if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
453 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
454 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
456 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
458 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
462 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
466 /* Reassemble the output block. */
468 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
469 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;