1 /* $KAME: traceroute6.c,v 1.42 2001/05/08 04:36:41 itojun Exp $ */
4 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
16 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17 * without specific prior written permission.
19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
34 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
36 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
39 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
40 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
42 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
43 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
44 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
45 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
46 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
47 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
48 * must display the following acknowledgement:
49 * This product includes software developed by the University of
50 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
51 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
52 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
53 * without specific prior written permission.
55 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
56 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
57 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
58 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
59 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
60 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
61 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
62 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
63 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
64 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
69 static char copyright[] =
70 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993\n\
71 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
76 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)traceroute.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
78 static const char rcsid[] =
79 "$FreeBSD: src/usr.sbin/traceroute6/traceroute6.c,v 1.4.2.4 2001/07/03 11:02:18 ume Exp $";
83 * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host".
85 * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some
86 * internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe
87 * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an
88 * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes
89 * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port
90 * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which
91 * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three
92 * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a
93 * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and
94 * round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from
95 * different gateways, the address of each responding system will
96 * be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout
97 * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that
100 * Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination
101 * host to process them so the destination port is set to an
102 * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that
103 * value, it can be changed with the -p flag).
105 * A sample use might be:
107 * [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
108 * traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet
109 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms
110 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
111 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
112 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms
113 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
114 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms
115 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms
116 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms
117 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms
118 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms
119 * 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms
121 * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy
122 * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards
123 * packets with a zero ttl.
125 * A more interesting example is:
127 * [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
128 * traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max
129 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
130 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms
131 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms
132 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms
133 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms
134 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms
135 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms
136 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms
137 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms
138 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms
139 * 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms
141 * 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms
146 * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms
148 * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to
149 * MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away
150 * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them
151 * with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the
152 * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God
153 * only knows what's going on with 12.
155 * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in
156 * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3)
157 * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the
158 * original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is
159 * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back
160 * to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting
161 * when it appears on the destination system:
163 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
164 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms
165 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms
166 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms
167 * 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
168 * 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms
175 * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms !
177 * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final
178 * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing".
179 * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5)
180 * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its
181 * icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path
182 * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for
183 * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path
184 * length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that
185 * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists.
186 * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1.
187 * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or
188 * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem
189 * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your
192 * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host,
193 * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source
194 * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should
195 * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If
196 * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute
197 * will give up and exit.
201 * This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that
202 * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot
203 * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.)
205 * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any
206 * system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto
207 * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as
208 * opposed to data to be wrapped in a ip datagram). See the README
209 * file that came with the source to this program for a description
210 * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may
211 * vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE
212 * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM.
214 * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre).
215 * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of
216 * data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp
217 * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original
218 * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the
219 * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to
220 * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway,
221 * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this
222 * code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to
223 * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the
224 * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out
225 * of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being
226 * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a
227 * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination
228 * port number before each probe.
230 * Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a
231 * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours
232 * without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran.
234 * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since
235 * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right
236 * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy
237 * Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with
238 * the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm
239 * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret.
241 * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or
242 * enhancements to the original distribution.
244 * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by
245 * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination
246 * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source
247 * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day...
249 * -- Van Jacobson (van@helios.ee.lbl.gov)
250 * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988
253 #include <sys/param.h>
254 #include <sys/time.h>
255 #include <sys/socket.h>
257 #include <sys/file.h>
258 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
260 #include <netinet/in.h>
262 #include <arpa/inet.h>
275 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
276 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
277 #include <netinet/udp.h>
280 #include <net/route.h>
281 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
284 #define DUMMY_PORT 10010
286 #define MAXPACKET 65535 /* max ip packet size */
287 #ifndef MAXHOSTNAMELEN
288 #define MAXHOSTNAMELEN 64
292 #define NFDBITS (8*sizeof(fd_set))
293 #define FD_SETSIZE NFDBITS
294 #define FD_SET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] |= (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS)))
295 #define FD_CLR(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] &= ~(1 << ((n) % NFDBITS)))
296 #define FD_ISSET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] & (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS)))
297 #define FD_ZERO(p) bzero((char *)(p), sizeof(*(p)))
300 #define Fprintf (void)fprintf
301 #define Sprintf (void)sprintf
302 #define Printf (void)printf
304 #ifndef HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
305 #define getipnodebyname(x, y, z, u) gethostbyname2((x), (y))
306 #define freehostent(x)
310 * format of a (udp) probe packet.
313 u_char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */
314 u_char hops; /* hop limit of the packet */
315 struct timeval tv; /* time packet left */
318 u_char packet[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */
319 struct opacket *outpacket; /* last output (udp) packet */
321 int main __P((int, char *[]));
322 int wait_for_reply __P((int, struct msghdr *));
324 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
325 int setpolicy __P((int so, char *policy));
328 void send_probe __P((int, int));
329 struct udphdr *get_udphdr __P((struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *));
330 int get_hoplim __P((struct msghdr *));
331 double deltaT __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *));
332 char *pr_type __P((int));
333 int packet_ok __P((struct msghdr *, int, int));
334 void print __P((struct msghdr *, int));
335 void tvsub __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *));
336 const char *inetname __P((struct sockaddr *));
337 void usage __P((void));
339 int rcvsock; /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */
340 int sndsock; /* send (udp) socket file descriptor */
341 struct timezone tz; /* leftover */
343 struct msghdr rcvmhdr;
344 struct iovec rcviov[2];
346 struct in6_pktinfo *rcvpktinfo;
348 struct sockaddr_in6 Src, Dst, Rcv;
349 int datalen; /* How much data */
350 /* XXX: 2064 = 127(max hops in type 0 rthdr) * sizeof(ip6_hdr) + 16(margin) */
352 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
353 struct ip6_rthdr *rth;
355 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
364 u_short port = 32768+666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */
365 int options; /* socket options */
367 int waittime = 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */
368 int nflag; /* print addresses numerically */
369 int lflag; /* print both numerical address & hostname */
372 const int niflag = NI_WITHSCOPEID;
374 const int niflag = 0;
384 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
385 int ch, i, on, probe, seq, hops, rcvcmsglen;
386 static u_char *rcvcmsgbuf;
387 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], src0[NI_MAXHOST];
393 if ((rcvsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)) < 0) {
394 perror("socket(ICMPv6)");
402 /* set a minimum set of socket options */
404 /* specify to tell receiving interface */
405 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
406 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &on,
408 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)");
409 #else /* old adv. API */
410 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &on,
412 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
415 /* specify to tell value of hoplimit field of received IP6 hdr */
416 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
417 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &on,
419 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)");
420 #else /* old adv. API */
421 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &on,
423 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)");
428 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "df:g:lm:np:q:rs:w:v")) != -1)
435 first_hop = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
438 "traceroute6: invalid min hoplimit.\n");
441 if (first_hop > max_hops) {
443 "traceroute6: min hoplimit must be <= %d.\n", max_hops);
448 hp = getipnodebyname(optarg, AF_INET6, 0, &h_errno);
451 "traceroute6: unknown host %s\n", optarg);
454 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
457 * XXX: We can't detect the number of
458 * intermediate nodes yet.
460 if ((rth = inet6_rth_init((void *)rtbuf,
465 "inet6_rth_init failed.\n");
469 if (inet6_rth_add((void *)rth,
470 (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr)) {
472 "inet6_rth_add failed for %s\n",
476 #else /* old advanced API */
478 cmsg = inet6_rthdr_init(rtbuf, IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0);
479 inet6_rthdr_add(cmsg, (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr, IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE);
488 max_hops = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
491 "traceroute6: invalid max hoplimit.\n");
494 if (max_hops < first_hop) {
496 "traceroute6: max hoplimit must be >= %d.\n", first_hop);
505 port = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
508 "traceroute6: port.\n");
513 "traceroute6: port must be >0.\n");
519 nprobes = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
522 "traceroute6: invalid nprobes.\n");
527 "traceroute6: nprobes must be >0.\n");
532 options |= SO_DONTROUTE;
536 * set the ip source address of the outbound
537 * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host).
546 waittime = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
549 "traceroute6: invalid wait time.\n");
554 "traceroute6: wait must be >1 sec.\n");
564 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
568 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ);
573 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
574 hints.ai_family = PF_INET6;
575 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
576 hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
577 hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
578 error = getaddrinfo(*argv, NULL, &hints, &res);
580 (void)fprintf(stderr,
581 "traceroute6: %s\n", gai_strerror(error));
584 if (res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(Dst)) {
585 (void)fprintf(stderr,
586 "traceroute6: size of sockaddr mismatch\n");
589 memcpy(&Dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
590 hostname = res->ai_canonname ? strdup(res->ai_canonname) : *argv;
592 (void)fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: not enough core\n");
598 datalen = strtoul(*argv, &ep, 0);
601 "traceroute6: invalid packet length.\n");
605 if (datalen < 0 || datalen >= MAXPACKET - sizeof(struct opacket)) {
607 "traceroute6: packet size must be 0 <= s < %ld.\n",
608 (long)(MAXPACKET - sizeof(struct opacket)));
611 datalen += sizeof(struct opacket);
612 outpacket = (struct opacket *)malloc((unsigned)datalen);
617 (void) bzero((char *)outpacket, datalen);
619 /* initialize msghdr for receiving packets */
620 rcviov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
621 rcviov[0].iov_len = sizeof(packet);
622 rcvmhdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&Rcv;
623 rcvmhdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(Rcv);
624 rcvmhdr.msg_iov = rcviov;
625 rcvmhdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
626 rcvcmsglen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo))
627 + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
628 if ((rcvcmsgbuf = malloc(rcvcmsglen)) == NULL) {
629 Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: malloc failed\n");
632 rcvmhdr.msg_control = (caddr_t) rcvcmsgbuf;
633 rcvmhdr.msg_controllen = rcvcmsglen;
635 if (options & SO_DEBUG)
636 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
637 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
638 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
639 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
640 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
642 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
644 * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec
647 if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "in bypass") < 0)
648 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
649 if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "out bypass") < 0)
650 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
653 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_NONE;
655 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
657 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
659 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
660 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
663 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level,
666 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL
667 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
671 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
677 if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
678 perror("socket(SOCK_DGRAM)");
682 if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&datalen,
683 sizeof(datalen)) < 0) {
684 perror("setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
687 #endif /* SO_SNDBUF */
688 if (options & SO_DEBUG)
689 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
690 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
691 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
692 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
693 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
694 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
695 if (rth) {/* XXX: there is no library to finalize the header... */
696 rth->ip6r_len = rth->ip6r_segleft * 2;
697 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR,
698 (void *)rth, (rth->ip6r_len + 1) << 3)) {
699 Fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR): %s\n",
704 #else /* old advanced API */
706 inet6_rthdr_lasthop(cmsg, IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE);
707 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTOPTIONS,
708 rtbuf, cmsg->cmsg_len) < 0) {
709 Fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTOPTIONS): %s\n",
714 #endif /* USE_RFC2292BIS */
716 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
718 * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec
721 if (setpolicy(sndsock, "in bypass") < 0)
722 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
723 if (setpolicy(sndsock, "out bypass") < 0)
724 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
727 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_BYPASS;
729 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
731 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
733 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
734 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
737 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level,
740 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL
741 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
745 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
751 bzero(&Src, sizeof(Src));
753 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
756 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
757 hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
758 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /*dummy*/
759 hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
760 error = getaddrinfo(source, "0", &hints, &res);
762 Printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source,
763 gai_strerror(error));
766 if (res->ai_addrlen > sizeof(Src)) {
767 Printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source,
768 gai_strerror(error));
771 memcpy(&Src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
774 struct sockaddr_in6 Nxt;
778 Nxt.sin6_port = htons(DUMMY_PORT);
780 bcopy(inet6_rthdr_getaddr(cmsg, 1), &Nxt.sin6_addr,
781 sizeof(Nxt.sin6_addr));
782 if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
786 if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Nxt, Nxt.sin6_len) < 0) {
791 if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &len) < 0) {
792 perror("getsockname");
795 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len,
796 src0, sizeof(src0), NULL, 0,
797 NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag)) {
798 Fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo failed for source\n");
806 ident = (getpid() & 0xffff) | 0x8000;
808 ident = 0; /*let the kernel pick one*/
810 Src.sin6_port = htons(ident);
811 if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len) < 0) {
820 if (getsockname(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &i) < 0) {
821 perror("getsockname");
824 ident = ntohs(Src.sin6_port);
830 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len, hbuf,
831 sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag))
832 strlcpy(hbuf, "(invalid)", sizeof(hbuf));
833 Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6");
834 Fprintf(stderr, " to %s (%s)", hostname, hbuf);
836 Fprintf(stderr, " from %s", source);
838 ", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n",
840 (void) fflush(stderr);
843 Printf("Skipping %d intermediate hops\n", first_hop - 1);
848 for (hops = first_hop; hops <= max_hops; ++hops) {
849 struct in6_addr lastaddr;
853 Printf("%2d ", hops);
854 bzero(&lastaddr, sizeof(lastaddr));
855 for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) {
857 struct timeval t1, t2;
860 (void) gettimeofday(&t1, &tz);
861 send_probe(++seq, hops);
862 while ((cc = wait_for_reply(rcvsock, &rcvmhdr))) {
863 (void) gettimeofday(&t2, &tz);
864 if ((i = packet_ok(&rcvmhdr, cc, seq))) {
865 if (! IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&Rcv.sin6_addr,
868 lastaddr = Rcv.sin6_addr;
870 Printf(" %g ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2));
872 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE:
876 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN:
880 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOTNEIGHBOR:
884 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR:
888 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT:
900 (void) fflush(stdout);
904 (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= ((nprobes + 1) / 2))) {
913 wait_for_reply(sock, mhdr)
918 struct pollfd pfd[1];
922 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
925 if (poll(pfd, 1, waittime * 1000) > 0)
926 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0);
934 fdsn = howmany(sock + 1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
935 if ((fdsp = (fd_set *)malloc(fdsn)) == NULL)
937 memset(fdsp, 0, fdsn);
939 wait.tv_sec = waittime; wait.tv_usec = 0;
941 if (select(sock+1, fdsp, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0)
942 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0);
950 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
952 setpolicy(so, policy)
958 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
960 warnx("%s", ipsec_strerror());
963 (void)setsockopt(so, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY,
964 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf));
974 send_probe(seq, hops)
977 struct opacket *op = outpacket;
980 if(setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
981 (char *)&hops, sizeof(hops)) < 0) {
982 perror("setsockopt IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS");
985 Dst.sin6_port = htons(port + seq);
989 (void) gettimeofday(&op->tv, &tz);
991 i = sendto(sndsock, (char *)outpacket, datalen , 0,
992 (struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len);
993 if (i < 0 || i != datalen) {
996 Printf("traceroute6: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname,
998 (void) fflush(stdout);
1004 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1008 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1009 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1010 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1011 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1012 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1013 return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1021 struct timeval *t1p, *t2p;
1025 dt = (double)(t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1026 (double)(t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1032 * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string.
1038 u_char t = t0 & 0xff;
1042 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH:
1043 cp = "Destination Unreachable";
1045 case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG:
1046 cp = "Pakcet Too Big";
1048 case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED:
1049 cp = "Time Exceeded";
1051 case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB:
1052 cp = "Parameter Problem";
1054 case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST:
1055 cp = "Echo Request";
1057 case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY:
1060 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY:
1061 cp = "Group Membership Query";
1063 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT:
1064 cp = "Group Membership Report";
1066 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION:
1067 cp = "Group Membership Reduction";
1069 case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT:
1070 cp = "Router Solicitation";
1072 case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT:
1073 cp = "Router Advertisement";
1075 case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT:
1076 cp = "Neighbor Solicitation";
1078 case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT:
1079 cp = "Neighbor Advertisement";
1093 packet_ok(mhdr, cc, seq)
1094 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1098 register struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1099 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name;
1101 char *buf = (char *)mhdr->msg_iov[0].iov_base;
1104 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1112 ip = (struct ip6_hdr *) buf;
1113 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
1114 if (cc < hlen + sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1116 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1117 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0,
1118 NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0)
1119 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1120 Printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
1126 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)(buf + hlen);
1128 if (cc < sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1130 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1131 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0,
1132 NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0)
1133 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1134 Printf("data too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, hbuf);
1138 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf;
1140 /* get optional information via advanced API */
1143 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1144 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1145 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1146 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO &&
1148 CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)))
1149 rcvpktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)(CMSG_DATA(cm));
1151 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1152 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1153 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1154 hlimp = (int *)CMSG_DATA(cm);
1156 if (rcvpktinfo == NULL || hlimp == NULL) {
1157 warnx("failed to get received hop limit or packet info");
1161 rcvhlim = 0; /*XXX*/
1167 type = icp->icmp6_type;
1168 code = icp->icmp6_code;
1169 if ((type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED && code == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT)
1170 || type == ICMP6_DST_UNREACH) {
1171 struct ip6_hdr *hip;
1174 hip = (struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1);
1175 if ((up = get_udphdr(hip, (u_char *)(buf + cc))) == NULL) {
1177 warnx("failed to get upper layer header");
1180 if (up->uh_sport == htons(ident) &&
1181 up->uh_dport == htons(port+seq))
1182 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : code + 1);
1187 char sbuf[NI_MAXHOST+1], dbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1189 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1190 sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0)
1191 strlcpy(sbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1192 Printf("\n%d bytes from %s to %s", cc, sbuf,
1193 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1196 Printf(": icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", type, pr_type(type),
1198 p = (u_int8_t *)(icp + 1);
1200 for (i = 0; i < cc; i++) {
1205 Printf("%02x", p[i]);
1206 if (i % WIDTH == WIDTH - 1)
1209 if (cc % WIDTH != 0)
1216 * Increment pointer until find the UDP header.
1219 get_udphdr(ip6, lim)
1220 struct ip6_hdr *ip6;
1223 u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh;
1226 if (cp + sizeof(*ip6) >= lim)
1230 cp += sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
1232 while(lim - cp >= 8) {
1236 case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
1239 return((struct udphdr *)cp);
1240 case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:
1241 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag);
1242 nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt;
1245 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 2) << 2;
1246 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt;
1249 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 1) << 3;
1250 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt;
1262 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1265 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name;
1266 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1268 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1269 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0)
1270 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1272 Printf(" %s", hbuf);
1274 Printf(" %s (%s)", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from), hbuf);
1276 Printf(" %s", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from));
1280 Printf(" %d bytes to %s", cc,
1281 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1285 Printf(" %d bytes of data to %s", cc,
1286 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1294 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in.
1295 * Out is assumed to be >= in.
1299 register struct timeval *out, *in;
1301 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1303 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1305 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1310 * Construct an Internet address representation.
1311 * If the nflag has been supplied, give
1312 * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name.
1316 struct sockaddr *sa;
1319 static char line[NI_MAXHOST];
1320 static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
1321 static int first = 1;
1323 if (first && !nflag) {
1325 if (gethostname(domain, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == 0 &&
1326 (cp = index(domain, '.')))
1327 (void) strlcpy(domain, cp + 1, sizeof(domain));
1333 if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
1334 NI_NAMEREQD) == 0) {
1335 if ((cp = index(line, '.')) &&
1336 !strcmp(cp + 1, domain))
1344 if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
1345 NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0)
1346 strlcpy(line, "invalid", sizeof(line));
1353 (void)fprintf(stderr,
1354 "usage: traceroute6 [-dlnrv] [-f firsthop] [-g gateway] [-m hoplimit] [-p port]\n"
1355 " [-q probes] [-s src] [-w waittime] target [datalen]\n");