2 * Copyright (c) 2003-2010 The DragonFly Project. All rights reserved.
4 * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
5 * by Matthew Dillon <dillon@backplane.com>
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
15 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
17 * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
18 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
19 * from this software without specific, prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
22 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
23 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
24 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
25 * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
26 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
27 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
28 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
29 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
30 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
31 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36 * Each cpu in a system has its own self-contained light weight kernel
37 * thread scheduler, which means that generally speaking we only need
38 * to use a critical section to avoid problems. Foreign thread
39 * scheduling is queued via (async) IPIs.
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/systm.h>
44 #include <sys/kernel.h>
46 #include <sys/rtprio.h>
47 #include <sys/queue.h>
48 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
49 #include <sys/kthread.h>
50 #include <machine/cpu.h>
53 #include <sys/spinlock.h>
56 #include <sys/thread2.h>
57 #include <sys/spinlock2.h>
58 #include <sys/mplock2.h>
60 #include <sys/dsched.h>
63 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
64 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
65 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
66 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
67 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
68 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
69 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
71 #include <machine/stdarg.h>
72 #include <machine/smp.h>
74 #if !defined(KTR_CTXSW)
75 #define KTR_CTXSW KTR_ALL
77 KTR_INFO_MASTER(ctxsw);
78 KTR_INFO(KTR_CTXSW, ctxsw, sw, 0, "#cpu[%d].td = %p",
79 sizeof(int) + sizeof(struct thread *));
80 KTR_INFO(KTR_CTXSW, ctxsw, pre, 1, "#cpu[%d].td = %p",
81 sizeof(int) + sizeof(struct thread *));
82 KTR_INFO(KTR_CTXSW, ctxsw, newtd, 2, "#threads[%p].name = %s",
83 sizeof (struct thread *) + sizeof(char *));
84 KTR_INFO(KTR_CTXSW, ctxsw, deadtd, 3, "#threads[%p].name = <dead>", sizeof (struct thread *));
86 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_THREAD, "thread", "lwkt threads");
89 static int panic_on_cscount = 0;
91 static __int64_t switch_count = 0;
92 static __int64_t preempt_hit = 0;
93 static __int64_t preempt_miss = 0;
94 static __int64_t preempt_weird = 0;
95 static __int64_t token_contention_count __debugvar = 0;
96 static int lwkt_use_spin_port;
97 static struct objcache *thread_cache;
100 static void lwkt_schedule_remote(void *arg, int arg2, struct intrframe *frame);
103 extern void cpu_heavy_restore(void);
104 extern void cpu_lwkt_restore(void);
105 extern void cpu_kthread_restore(void);
106 extern void cpu_idle_restore(void);
111 jg_tos_ok(struct thread *td)
119 KKASSERT(td->td_sp != NULL);
120 tos = ((void **)td->td_sp)[0];
122 if ((tos == cpu_heavy_restore) || (tos == cpu_lwkt_restore) ||
123 (tos == cpu_kthread_restore) || (tos == cpu_idle_restore)) {
132 * We can make all thread ports use the spin backend instead of the thread
133 * backend. This should only be set to debug the spin backend.
135 TUNABLE_INT("lwkt.use_spin_port", &lwkt_use_spin_port);
138 SYSCTL_INT(_lwkt, OID_AUTO, panic_on_cscount, CTLFLAG_RW, &panic_on_cscount, 0, "");
140 SYSCTL_QUAD(_lwkt, OID_AUTO, switch_count, CTLFLAG_RW, &switch_count, 0, "");
141 SYSCTL_QUAD(_lwkt, OID_AUTO, preempt_hit, CTLFLAG_RW, &preempt_hit, 0, "");
142 SYSCTL_QUAD(_lwkt, OID_AUTO, preempt_miss, CTLFLAG_RW, &preempt_miss, 0, "");
143 SYSCTL_QUAD(_lwkt, OID_AUTO, preempt_weird, CTLFLAG_RW, &preempt_weird, 0, "");
145 SYSCTL_QUAD(_lwkt, OID_AUTO, token_contention_count, CTLFLAG_RW,
146 &token_contention_count, 0, "spinning due to token contention");
150 * These helper procedures handle the runq, they can only be called from
151 * within a critical section.
153 * WARNING! Prior to SMP being brought up it is possible to enqueue and
154 * dequeue threads belonging to other cpus, so be sure to use td->td_gd
155 * instead of 'mycpu' when referencing the globaldata structure. Once
156 * SMP live enqueuing and dequeueing only occurs on the current cpu.
160 _lwkt_dequeue(thread_t td)
162 if (td->td_flags & TDF_RUNQ) {
163 int nq = td->td_pri & TDPRI_MASK;
164 struct globaldata *gd = td->td_gd;
166 td->td_flags &= ~TDF_RUNQ;
167 TAILQ_REMOVE(&gd->gd_tdrunq[nq], td, td_threadq);
168 /* runqmask is passively cleaned up by the switcher */
174 _lwkt_enqueue(thread_t td)
176 if ((td->td_flags & (TDF_RUNQ|TDF_MIGRATING|TDF_BLOCKQ)) == 0) {
177 int nq = td->td_pri & TDPRI_MASK;
178 struct globaldata *gd = td->td_gd;
180 td->td_flags |= TDF_RUNQ;
181 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&gd->gd_tdrunq[nq], td, td_threadq);
182 gd->gd_runqmask |= 1 << nq;
187 _lwkt_thread_ctor(void *obj, void *privdata, int ocflags)
189 struct thread *td = (struct thread *)obj;
191 td->td_kstack = NULL;
192 td->td_kstack_size = 0;
193 td->td_flags = TDF_ALLOCATED_THREAD;
198 _lwkt_thread_dtor(void *obj, void *privdata)
200 struct thread *td = (struct thread *)obj;
202 KASSERT(td->td_flags & TDF_ALLOCATED_THREAD,
203 ("_lwkt_thread_dtor: not allocated from objcache"));
204 KASSERT((td->td_flags & TDF_ALLOCATED_STACK) && td->td_kstack &&
205 td->td_kstack_size > 0,
206 ("_lwkt_thread_dtor: corrupted stack"));
207 kmem_free(&kernel_map, (vm_offset_t)td->td_kstack, td->td_kstack_size);
211 * Initialize the lwkt s/system.
216 /* An objcache has 2 magazines per CPU so divide cache size by 2. */
217 thread_cache = objcache_create_mbacked(M_THREAD, sizeof(struct thread),
218 NULL, CACHE_NTHREADS/2,
219 _lwkt_thread_ctor, _lwkt_thread_dtor, NULL);
223 * Schedule a thread to run. As the current thread we can always safely
224 * schedule ourselves, and a shortcut procedure is provided for that
227 * (non-blocking, self contained on a per cpu basis)
230 lwkt_schedule_self(thread_t td)
232 crit_enter_quick(td);
233 KASSERT(td != &td->td_gd->gd_idlethread, ("lwkt_schedule_self(): scheduling gd_idlethread is illegal!"));
234 KKASSERT(td->td_lwp == NULL || (td->td_lwp->lwp_flag & LWP_ONRUNQ) == 0);
240 * Deschedule a thread.
242 * (non-blocking, self contained on a per cpu basis)
245 lwkt_deschedule_self(thread_t td)
247 crit_enter_quick(td);
253 * LWKTs operate on a per-cpu basis
255 * WARNING! Called from early boot, 'mycpu' may not work yet.
258 lwkt_gdinit(struct globaldata *gd)
262 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(gd->gd_tdrunq)/sizeof(gd->gd_tdrunq[0]); ++i)
263 TAILQ_INIT(&gd->gd_tdrunq[i]);
265 TAILQ_INIT(&gd->gd_tdallq);
269 * Create a new thread. The thread must be associated with a process context
270 * or LWKT start address before it can be scheduled. If the target cpu is
271 * -1 the thread will be created on the current cpu.
273 * If you intend to create a thread without a process context this function
274 * does everything except load the startup and switcher function.
277 lwkt_alloc_thread(struct thread *td, int stksize, int cpu, int flags)
279 globaldata_t gd = mycpu;
283 * If static thread storage is not supplied allocate a thread. Reuse
284 * a cached free thread if possible. gd_freetd is used to keep an exiting
285 * thread intact through the exit.
288 if ((td = gd->gd_freetd) != NULL)
289 gd->gd_freetd = NULL;
291 td = objcache_get(thread_cache, M_WAITOK);
292 KASSERT((td->td_flags &
293 (TDF_ALLOCATED_THREAD|TDF_RUNNING)) == TDF_ALLOCATED_THREAD,
294 ("lwkt_alloc_thread: corrupted td flags 0x%X", td->td_flags));
295 flags |= td->td_flags & (TDF_ALLOCATED_THREAD|TDF_ALLOCATED_STACK);
299 * Try to reuse cached stack.
301 if ((stack = td->td_kstack) != NULL && td->td_kstack_size != stksize) {
302 if (flags & TDF_ALLOCATED_STACK) {
303 kmem_free(&kernel_map, (vm_offset_t)stack, td->td_kstack_size);
308 stack = (void *)kmem_alloc(&kernel_map, stksize);
309 flags |= TDF_ALLOCATED_STACK;
312 lwkt_init_thread(td, stack, stksize, flags, gd);
314 lwkt_init_thread(td, stack, stksize, flags, globaldata_find(cpu));
319 * Initialize a preexisting thread structure. This function is used by
320 * lwkt_alloc_thread() and also used to initialize the per-cpu idlethread.
322 * All threads start out in a critical section at a priority of
323 * TDPRI_KERN_DAEMON. Higher level code will modify the priority as
324 * appropriate. This function may send an IPI message when the
325 * requested cpu is not the current cpu and consequently gd_tdallq may
326 * not be initialized synchronously from the point of view of the originating
329 * NOTE! we have to be careful in regards to creating threads for other cpus
330 * if SMP has not yet been activated.
335 lwkt_init_thread_remote(void *arg)
340 * Protected by critical section held by IPI dispatch
342 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&td->td_gd->gd_tdallq, td, td_allq);
348 lwkt_init_thread(thread_t td, void *stack, int stksize, int flags,
349 struct globaldata *gd)
351 globaldata_t mygd = mycpu;
353 bzero(td, sizeof(struct thread));
354 td->td_kstack = stack;
355 td->td_kstack_size = stksize;
356 td->td_flags = flags;
358 td->td_pri = TDPRI_KERN_DAEMON + TDPRI_CRIT;
359 td->td_toks_stop = &td->td_toks_base;
361 if ((flags & TDF_MPSAFE) == 0)
364 if (lwkt_use_spin_port)
365 lwkt_initport_spin(&td->td_msgport);
367 lwkt_initport_thread(&td->td_msgport, td);
368 pmap_init_thread(td);
371 * Normally initializing a thread for a remote cpu requires sending an
372 * IPI. However, the idlethread is setup before the other cpus are
373 * activated so we have to treat it as a special case. XXX manipulation
374 * of gd_tdallq requires the BGL.
376 if (gd == mygd || td == &gd->gd_idlethread) {
378 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&gd->gd_tdallq, td, td_allq);
381 lwkt_send_ipiq(gd, lwkt_init_thread_remote, td);
385 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&gd->gd_tdallq, td, td_allq);
389 dsched_new_thread(td);
393 lwkt_set_comm(thread_t td, const char *ctl, ...)
398 kvsnprintf(td->td_comm, sizeof(td->td_comm), ctl, va);
400 KTR_LOG(ctxsw_newtd, td, &td->td_comm[0]);
404 lwkt_hold(thread_t td)
410 lwkt_rele(thread_t td)
412 KKASSERT(td->td_refs > 0);
417 lwkt_wait_free(thread_t td)
420 tsleep(td, 0, "tdreap", hz);
424 lwkt_free_thread(thread_t td)
426 KASSERT((td->td_flags & TDF_RUNNING) == 0,
427 ("lwkt_free_thread: did not exit! %p", td));
429 if (td->td_flags & TDF_ALLOCATED_THREAD) {
430 objcache_put(thread_cache, td);
431 } else if (td->td_flags & TDF_ALLOCATED_STACK) {
432 /* client-allocated struct with internally allocated stack */
433 KASSERT(td->td_kstack && td->td_kstack_size > 0,
434 ("lwkt_free_thread: corrupted stack"));
435 kmem_free(&kernel_map, (vm_offset_t)td->td_kstack, td->td_kstack_size);
436 td->td_kstack = NULL;
437 td->td_kstack_size = 0;
439 KTR_LOG(ctxsw_deadtd, td);
444 * Switch to the next runnable lwkt. If no LWKTs are runnable then
445 * switch to the idlethread. Switching must occur within a critical
446 * section to avoid races with the scheduling queue.
448 * We always have full control over our cpu's run queue. Other cpus
449 * that wish to manipulate our queue must use the cpu_*msg() calls to
450 * talk to our cpu, so a critical section is all that is needed and
451 * the result is very, very fast thread switching.
453 * The LWKT scheduler uses a fixed priority model and round-robins at
454 * each priority level. User process scheduling is a totally
455 * different beast and LWKT priorities should not be confused with
456 * user process priorities.
458 * The MP lock may be out of sync with the thread's td_mpcount. lwkt_switch()
459 * cleans it up. Note that the td_switch() function cannot do anything that
460 * requires the MP lock since the MP lock will have already been setup for
461 * the target thread (not the current thread). It's nice to have a scheduler
462 * that does not need the MP lock to work because it allows us to do some
463 * really cool high-performance MP lock optimizations.
465 * PREEMPTION NOTE: Preemption occurs via lwkt_preempt(). lwkt_switch()
466 * is not called by the current thread in the preemption case, only when
467 * the preempting thread blocks (in order to return to the original thread).
472 globaldata_t gd = mycpu;
473 thread_t td = gd->gd_curthread;
480 * Switching from within a 'fast' (non thread switched) interrupt or IPI
481 * is illegal. However, we may have to do it anyway if we hit a fatal
482 * kernel trap or we have paniced.
484 * If this case occurs save and restore the interrupt nesting level.
486 if (gd->gd_intr_nesting_level) {
490 if (gd->gd_trap_nesting_level == 0 && panicstr == NULL) {
491 panic("lwkt_switch: cannot switch from within "
492 "a fast interrupt, yet, td %p\n", td);
494 savegdnest = gd->gd_intr_nesting_level;
495 savegdtrap = gd->gd_trap_nesting_level;
496 gd->gd_intr_nesting_level = 0;
497 gd->gd_trap_nesting_level = 0;
498 if ((td->td_flags & TDF_PANICWARN) == 0) {
499 td->td_flags |= TDF_PANICWARN;
500 kprintf("Warning: thread switch from interrupt or IPI, "
501 "thread %p (%s)\n", td, td->td_comm);
505 gd->gd_intr_nesting_level = savegdnest;
506 gd->gd_trap_nesting_level = savegdtrap;
512 * Passive release (used to transition from user to kernel mode
513 * when we block or switch rather then when we enter the kernel).
514 * This function is NOT called if we are switching into a preemption
515 * or returning from a preemption. Typically this causes us to lose
516 * our current process designation (if we have one) and become a true
517 * LWKT thread, and may also hand the current process designation to
518 * another process and schedule thread.
524 if (TD_TOKS_HELD(td))
525 lwkt_relalltokens(td);
528 * We had better not be holding any spin locks, but don't get into an
529 * endless panic loop.
531 KASSERT(gd->gd_spinlock_rd == NULL || panicstr != NULL,
532 ("lwkt_switch: still holding a shared spinlock %p!",
533 gd->gd_spinlock_rd));
534 KASSERT(gd->gd_spinlocks_wr == 0 || panicstr != NULL,
535 ("lwkt_switch: still holding %d exclusive spinlocks!",
536 gd->gd_spinlocks_wr));
541 * td_mpcount cannot be used to determine if we currently hold the
542 * MP lock because get_mplock() will increment it prior to attempting
543 * to get the lock, and switch out if it can't. Our ownership of
544 * the actual lock will remain stable while we are in a critical section
545 * (but, of course, another cpu may own or release the lock so the
546 * actual value of mp_lock is not stable).
548 mpheld = MP_LOCK_HELD();
550 if (td->td_cscount) {
551 kprintf("Diagnostic: attempt to switch while mastering cpusync: %p\n",
553 if (panic_on_cscount)
554 panic("switching while mastering cpusync");
558 if ((ntd = td->td_preempted) != NULL) {
560 * We had preempted another thread on this cpu, resume the preempted
561 * thread. This occurs transparently, whether the preempted thread
562 * was scheduled or not (it may have been preempted after descheduling
565 * We have to setup the MP lock for the original thread after backing
566 * out the adjustment that was made to curthread when the original
569 KKASSERT(ntd->td_flags & TDF_PREEMPT_LOCK);
571 if (ntd->td_mpcount && mpheld == 0) {
572 panic("MPLOCK NOT HELD ON RETURN: %p %p %d %d",
573 td, ntd, td->td_mpcount, ntd->td_mpcount);
575 if (ntd->td_mpcount) {
576 td->td_mpcount -= ntd->td_mpcount;
577 KKASSERT(td->td_mpcount >= 0);
580 ntd->td_flags |= TDF_PREEMPT_DONE;
583 * The interrupt may have woken a thread up, we need to properly
584 * set the reschedule flag if the originally interrupted thread is
585 * at a lower priority.
587 if (gd->gd_runqmask > (2 << (ntd->td_pri & TDPRI_MASK)) - 1)
589 /* YYY release mp lock on switchback if original doesn't need it */
592 * Priority queue / round-robin at each priority. Note that user
593 * processes run at a fixed, low priority and the user process
594 * scheduler deals with interactions between user processes
595 * by scheduling and descheduling them from the LWKT queue as
598 * We have to adjust the MP lock for the target thread. If we
599 * need the MP lock and cannot obtain it we try to locate a
600 * thread that does not need the MP lock. If we cannot, we spin
603 * A similar issue exists for the tokens held by the target thread.
604 * If we cannot obtain ownership of the tokens we cannot immediately
605 * schedule the thread.
609 * If an LWKT reschedule was requested, well that is what we are
610 * doing now so clear it.
612 clear_lwkt_resched();
614 if (gd->gd_runqmask) {
615 int nq = bsrl(gd->gd_runqmask);
616 if ((ntd = TAILQ_FIRST(&gd->gd_tdrunq[nq])) == NULL) {
617 gd->gd_runqmask &= ~(1 << nq);
622 * THREAD SELECTION FOR AN SMP MACHINE BUILD
624 * If the target needs the MP lock and we couldn't get it,
625 * or if the target is holding tokens and we could not
626 * gain ownership of the tokens, continue looking for a
627 * thread to schedule and spin instead of HLT if we can't.
629 * NOTE: the mpheld variable invalid after this conditional, it
630 * can change due to both cpu_try_mplock() returning success
631 * AND interactions in lwkt_getalltokens() due to the fact that
632 * we are trying to check the mpcount of a thread other then
633 * the current thread. Because of this, if the current thread
634 * is not holding td_mpcount, an IPI indirectly run via
635 * lwkt_getalltokens() can obtain and release the MP lock and
636 * cause the core MP lock to be released.
638 if ((ntd->td_mpcount && mpheld == 0 && !cpu_try_mplock()) ||
639 (TD_TOKS_HELD(ntd) && lwkt_getalltokens(ntd) == 0)
641 u_int32_t rqmask = gd->gd_runqmask;
643 mpheld = MP_LOCK_HELD();
646 TAILQ_FOREACH(ntd, &gd->gd_tdrunq[nq], td_threadq) {
647 if (ntd->td_mpcount && !mpheld && !cpu_try_mplock()) {
648 /* spinning due to MP lock being held */
653 * mpheld state invalid after getalltokens call returns
654 * failure, but the variable is only needed for
657 if (TD_TOKS_HELD(ntd) && !lwkt_getalltokens(ntd)) {
658 /* spinning due to token contention */
660 ++token_contention_count;
662 mpheld = MP_LOCK_HELD();
669 rqmask &= ~(1 << nq);
673 * We have two choices. We can either refuse to run a
674 * user thread when a kernel thread needs the MP lock
675 * but could not get it, or we can allow it to run but
676 * then expect an IPI (hopefully) later on to force a
677 * reschedule when the MP lock might become available.
679 if (nq < TDPRI_KERN_LPSCHED) {
680 break; /* for now refuse to run */
682 if (chain_mplock == 0)
684 /* continue loop, allow user threads to be scheduled */
690 * Case where a (kernel) thread needed the MP lock and could
691 * not get one, and we may or may not have found another
692 * thread which does not need the MP lock to run while
696 ntd = &gd->gd_idlethread;
697 ntd->td_flags |= TDF_IDLE_NOHLT;
698 set_mplock_contention_mask(gd);
699 cpu_mplock_contested();
700 goto using_idle_thread;
702 clr_mplock_contention_mask(gd);
703 ++gd->gd_cnt.v_swtch;
704 TAILQ_REMOVE(&gd->gd_tdrunq[nq], ntd, td_threadq);
705 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&gd->gd_tdrunq[nq], ntd, td_threadq);
708 clr_mplock_contention_mask(gd);
709 ++gd->gd_cnt.v_swtch;
710 TAILQ_REMOVE(&gd->gd_tdrunq[nq], ntd, td_threadq);
711 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&gd->gd_tdrunq[nq], ntd, td_threadq);
715 * THREAD SELECTION FOR A UP MACHINE BUILD. We don't have to
716 * worry about tokens or the BGL. However, we still have
717 * to call lwkt_getalltokens() in order to properly detect
718 * stale tokens. This call cannot fail for a UP build!
720 lwkt_getalltokens(ntd);
721 ++gd->gd_cnt.v_swtch;
722 TAILQ_REMOVE(&gd->gd_tdrunq[nq], ntd, td_threadq);
723 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&gd->gd_tdrunq[nq], ntd, td_threadq);
727 * We have nothing to run but only let the idle loop halt
728 * the cpu if there are no pending interrupts.
730 ntd = &gd->gd_idlethread;
731 if (gd->gd_reqflags & RQF_IDLECHECK_MASK)
732 ntd->td_flags |= TDF_IDLE_NOHLT;
736 * The idle thread should not be holding the MP lock unless we
737 * are trapping in the kernel or in a panic. Since we select the
738 * idle thread unconditionally when no other thread is available,
739 * if the MP lock is desired during a panic or kernel trap, we
740 * have to loop in the scheduler until we get it.
742 if (ntd->td_mpcount) {
743 mpheld = MP_LOCK_HELD();
744 if (gd->gd_trap_nesting_level == 0 && panicstr == NULL)
745 panic("Idle thread %p was holding the BGL!", ntd);
752 KASSERT(ntd->td_pri >= TDPRI_CRIT,
753 ("priority problem in lwkt_switch %d %d", td->td_pri, ntd->td_pri));
756 * Do the actual switch. If the new target does not need the MP lock
757 * and we are holding it, release the MP lock. If the new target requires
758 * the MP lock we have already acquired it for the target.
761 if (ntd->td_mpcount == 0 ) {
765 ASSERT_MP_LOCK_HELD(ntd);
772 int tos_ok __debugvar = jg_tos_ok(ntd);
776 KTR_LOG(ctxsw_sw, gd->gd_cpuid, ntd);
779 /* NOTE: current cpu may have changed after switch */
784 * Request that the target thread preempt the current thread. Preemption
785 * only works under a specific set of conditions:
787 * - We are not preempting ourselves
788 * - The target thread is owned by the current cpu
789 * - We are not currently being preempted
790 * - The target is not currently being preempted
791 * - We are not holding any spin locks
792 * - The target thread is not holding any tokens
793 * - We are able to satisfy the target's MP lock requirements (if any).
795 * THE CALLER OF LWKT_PREEMPT() MUST BE IN A CRITICAL SECTION. Typically
796 * this is called via lwkt_schedule() through the td_preemptable callback.
797 * critpri is the managed critical priority that we should ignore in order
798 * to determine whether preemption is possible (aka usually just the crit
799 * priority of lwkt_schedule() itself).
801 * XXX at the moment we run the target thread in a critical section during
802 * the preemption in order to prevent the target from taking interrupts
803 * that *WE* can't. Preemption is strictly limited to interrupt threads
804 * and interrupt-like threads, outside of a critical section, and the
805 * preempted source thread will be resumed the instant the target blocks
806 * whether or not the source is scheduled (i.e. preemption is supposed to
807 * be as transparent as possible).
809 * The target thread inherits our MP count (added to its own) for the
810 * duration of the preemption in order to preserve the atomicy of the
811 * MP lock during the preemption. Therefore, any preempting targets must be
812 * careful in regards to MP assertions. Note that the MP count may be
813 * out of sync with the physical mp_lock, but we do not have to preserve
814 * the original ownership of the lock if it was out of synch (that is, we
815 * can leave it synchronized on return).
818 lwkt_preempt(thread_t ntd, int critpri)
820 struct globaldata *gd = mycpu;
828 * The caller has put us in a critical section. We can only preempt
829 * if the caller of the caller was not in a critical section (basically
830 * a local interrupt), as determined by the 'critpri' parameter. We
831 * also can't preempt if the caller is holding any spinlocks (even if
832 * he isn't in a critical section). This also handles the tokens test.
834 * YYY The target thread must be in a critical section (else it must
835 * inherit our critical section? I dunno yet).
837 * Set need_lwkt_resched() unconditionally for now YYY.
839 KASSERT(ntd->td_pri >= TDPRI_CRIT, ("BADCRIT0 %d", ntd->td_pri));
841 td = gd->gd_curthread;
842 if ((ntd->td_pri & TDPRI_MASK) <= (td->td_pri & TDPRI_MASK)) {
846 if ((td->td_pri & ~TDPRI_MASK) > critpri) {
852 if (ntd->td_gd != gd) {
859 * Take the easy way out and do not preempt if we are holding
860 * any spinlocks. We could test whether the thread(s) being
861 * preempted interlock against the target thread's tokens and whether
862 * we can get all the target thread's tokens, but this situation
863 * should not occur very often so its easier to simply not preempt.
864 * Also, plain spinlocks are impossible to figure out at this point so
865 * just don't preempt.
867 * Do not try to preempt if the target thread is holding any tokens.
868 * We could try to acquire the tokens but this case is so rare there
869 * is no need to support it.
871 if (gd->gd_spinlock_rd || gd->gd_spinlocks_wr) {
876 if (TD_TOKS_HELD(ntd)) {
881 if (td == ntd || ((td->td_flags | ntd->td_flags) & TDF_PREEMPT_LOCK)) {
886 if (ntd->td_preempted) {
893 * note: an interrupt might have occured just as we were transitioning
894 * to or from the MP lock. In this case td_mpcount will be pre-disposed
895 * (non-zero) but not actually synchronized with the actual state of the
896 * lock. We can use it to imply an MP lock requirement for the
897 * preemption but we cannot use it to test whether we hold the MP lock
900 savecnt = td->td_mpcount;
901 mpheld = MP_LOCK_HELD();
902 ntd->td_mpcount += td->td_mpcount;
903 if (mpheld == 0 && ntd->td_mpcount && !cpu_try_mplock()) {
904 ntd->td_mpcount -= td->td_mpcount;
912 * Since we are able to preempt the current thread, there is no need to
913 * call need_lwkt_resched().
916 ntd->td_preempted = td;
917 td->td_flags |= TDF_PREEMPT_LOCK;
918 KTR_LOG(ctxsw_pre, gd->gd_cpuid, ntd);
921 KKASSERT(ntd->td_preempted && (td->td_flags & TDF_PREEMPT_DONE));
923 KKASSERT(savecnt == td->td_mpcount);
924 mpheld = MP_LOCK_HELD();
925 if (mpheld && td->td_mpcount == 0)
927 else if (mpheld == 0 && td->td_mpcount)
928 panic("lwkt_preempt(): MP lock was not held through");
930 ntd->td_preempted = NULL;
931 td->td_flags &= ~(TDF_PREEMPT_LOCK|TDF_PREEMPT_DONE);
935 * Conditionally call splz() if gd_reqflags indicates work is pending.
937 * td_nest_count prevents deep nesting via splz() or doreti() which
938 * might otherwise blow out the kernel stack. Note that except for
939 * this special case, we MUST call splz() here to handle any
940 * pending ints, particularly after we switch, or we might accidently
941 * halt the cpu with interrupts pending.
943 * (self contained on a per cpu basis)
948 globaldata_t gd = mycpu;
949 thread_t td = gd->gd_curthread;
951 if (gd->gd_reqflags && td->td_nest_count < 2)
956 * This implements a normal yield which will yield to equal priority
957 * threads as well as higher priority threads. Note that gd_reqflags
958 * tests will be handled by the crit_exit() call in lwkt_switch().
960 * (self contained on a per cpu basis)
965 lwkt_schedule_self(curthread);
970 * This function is used along with the lwkt_passive_recover() inline
971 * by the trap code to negotiate a passive release of the current
972 * process/lwp designation with the user scheduler.
975 lwkt_passive_release(struct thread *td)
977 struct lwp *lp = td->td_lwp;
979 td->td_release = NULL;
980 lwkt_setpri_self(TDPRI_KERN_USER);
981 lp->lwp_proc->p_usched->release_curproc(lp);
985 * Make a kernel thread act as if it were in user mode with regards
986 * to scheduling, to avoid becoming cpu-bound in the kernel. Kernel
987 * loops which may be potentially cpu-bound can call lwkt_user_yield().
989 * The lwkt_user_yield() function is designed to have very low overhead
990 * if no yield is determined to be needed.
993 lwkt_user_yield(void)
995 thread_t td = curthread;
996 struct lwp *lp = td->td_lwp;
1000 * XXX SEVERE TEMPORARY HACK. A cpu-bound operation running in the
1001 * kernel can prevent other cpus from servicing interrupt threads
1002 * which still require the MP lock (which is a lot of them). This
1003 * has a chaining effect since if the interrupt is blocked, so is
1004 * the event, so normal scheduling will not pick up on the problem.
1006 if (mp_lock_contention_mask && td->td_mpcount) {
1012 * Another kernel thread wants the cpu
1014 if (lwkt_resched_wanted())
1018 * If the user scheduler has asynchronously determined that the current
1019 * process (when running in user mode) needs to lose the cpu then make
1020 * sure we are released.
1022 if (user_resched_wanted()) {
1028 * If we are released reduce our priority
1030 if (td->td_release == NULL) {
1031 if (lwkt_check_resched(td) > 0)
1034 lp->lwp_proc->p_usched->acquire_curproc(lp);
1035 td->td_release = lwkt_passive_release;
1036 lwkt_setpri_self(TDPRI_USER_NORM);
1042 * Return 0 if no runnable threads are pending at the same or higher
1043 * priority as the passed thread.
1045 * Return 1 if runnable threads are pending at the same priority.
1047 * Return 2 if runnable threads are pending at a higher priority.
1050 lwkt_check_resched(thread_t td)
1052 int pri = td->td_pri & TDPRI_MASK;
1054 if (td->td_gd->gd_runqmask > (2 << pri) - 1)
1056 if (TAILQ_NEXT(td, td_threadq))
1062 * Generic schedule. Possibly schedule threads belonging to other cpus and
1063 * deal with threads that might be blocked on a wait queue.
1065 * We have a little helper inline function which does additional work after
1066 * the thread has been enqueued, including dealing with preemption and
1067 * setting need_lwkt_resched() (which prevents the kernel from returning
1068 * to userland until it has processed higher priority threads).
1070 * It is possible for this routine to be called after a failed _enqueue
1071 * (due to the target thread migrating, sleeping, or otherwise blocked).
1072 * We have to check that the thread is actually on the run queue!
1074 * reschedok is an optimized constant propagated from lwkt_schedule() or
1075 * lwkt_schedule_noresched(). By default it is non-zero, causing a
1076 * reschedule to be requested if the target thread has a higher priority.
1077 * The port messaging code will set MSG_NORESCHED and cause reschedok to
1078 * be 0, prevented undesired reschedules.
1082 _lwkt_schedule_post(globaldata_t gd, thread_t ntd, int cpri, int reschedok)
1086 if (ntd->td_flags & TDF_RUNQ) {
1087 if (ntd->td_preemptable && reschedok) {
1088 ntd->td_preemptable(ntd, cpri); /* YYY +token */
1089 } else if (reschedok) {
1091 if ((ntd->td_pri & TDPRI_MASK) > (otd->td_pri & TDPRI_MASK))
1092 need_lwkt_resched();
1099 _lwkt_schedule(thread_t td, int reschedok)
1101 globaldata_t mygd = mycpu;
1103 KASSERT(td != &td->td_gd->gd_idlethread, ("lwkt_schedule(): scheduling gd_idlethread is illegal!"));
1104 crit_enter_gd(mygd);
1105 KKASSERT(td->td_lwp == NULL || (td->td_lwp->lwp_flag & LWP_ONRUNQ) == 0);
1106 if (td == mygd->gd_curthread) {
1110 * If we own the thread, there is no race (since we are in a
1111 * critical section). If we do not own the thread there might
1112 * be a race but the target cpu will deal with it.
1115 if (td->td_gd == mygd) {
1117 _lwkt_schedule_post(mygd, td, TDPRI_CRIT, reschedok);
1119 lwkt_send_ipiq3(td->td_gd, lwkt_schedule_remote, td, 0);
1123 _lwkt_schedule_post(mygd, td, TDPRI_CRIT, reschedok);
1130 lwkt_schedule(thread_t td)
1132 _lwkt_schedule(td, 1);
1136 lwkt_schedule_noresched(thread_t td)
1138 _lwkt_schedule(td, 0);
1144 * When scheduled remotely if frame != NULL the IPIQ is being
1145 * run via doreti or an interrupt then preemption can be allowed.
1147 * To allow preemption we have to drop the critical section so only
1148 * one is present in _lwkt_schedule_post.
1151 lwkt_schedule_remote(void *arg, int arg2, struct intrframe *frame)
1153 thread_t td = curthread;
1156 if (frame && ntd->td_preemptable) {
1157 crit_exit_noyield(td);
1158 _lwkt_schedule(ntd, 1);
1159 crit_enter_quick(td);
1161 _lwkt_schedule(ntd, 1);
1166 * Thread migration using a 'Pull' method. The thread may or may not be
1167 * the current thread. It MUST be descheduled and in a stable state.
1168 * lwkt_giveaway() must be called on the cpu owning the thread.
1170 * At any point after lwkt_giveaway() is called, the target cpu may
1171 * 'pull' the thread by calling lwkt_acquire().
1173 * We have to make sure the thread is not sitting on a per-cpu tsleep
1174 * queue or it will blow up when it moves to another cpu.
1176 * MPSAFE - must be called under very specific conditions.
1179 lwkt_giveaway(thread_t td)
1181 globaldata_t gd = mycpu;
1184 if (td->td_flags & TDF_TSLEEPQ)
1186 KKASSERT(td->td_gd == gd);
1187 TAILQ_REMOVE(&gd->gd_tdallq, td, td_allq);
1188 td->td_flags |= TDF_MIGRATING;
1193 lwkt_acquire(thread_t td)
1198 KKASSERT(td->td_flags & TDF_MIGRATING);
1203 KKASSERT((td->td_flags & TDF_RUNQ) == 0);
1204 crit_enter_gd(mygd);
1205 while (td->td_flags & (TDF_RUNNING|TDF_PREEMPT_LOCK)) {
1207 lwkt_process_ipiq();
1212 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mygd->gd_tdallq, td, td_allq);
1213 td->td_flags &= ~TDF_MIGRATING;
1216 crit_enter_gd(mygd);
1217 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mygd->gd_tdallq, td, td_allq);
1218 td->td_flags &= ~TDF_MIGRATING;
1226 * Generic deschedule. Descheduling threads other then your own should be
1227 * done only in carefully controlled circumstances. Descheduling is
1230 * This function may block if the cpu has run out of messages.
1233 lwkt_deschedule(thread_t td)
1237 if (td == curthread) {
1240 if (td->td_gd == mycpu) {
1243 lwkt_send_ipiq(td->td_gd, (ipifunc1_t)lwkt_deschedule, td);
1253 * Set the target thread's priority. This routine does not automatically
1254 * switch to a higher priority thread, LWKT threads are not designed for
1255 * continuous priority changes. Yield if you want to switch.
1257 * We have to retain the critical section count which uses the high bits
1258 * of the td_pri field. The specified priority may also indicate zero or
1259 * more critical sections by adding TDPRI_CRIT*N.
1261 * Note that we requeue the thread whether it winds up on a different runq
1262 * or not. uio_yield() depends on this and the routine is not normally
1263 * called with the same priority otherwise.
1266 lwkt_setpri(thread_t td, int pri)
1269 KKASSERT(td->td_gd == mycpu);
1271 if (td->td_flags & TDF_RUNQ) {
1273 td->td_pri = (td->td_pri & ~TDPRI_MASK) + pri;
1276 td->td_pri = (td->td_pri & ~TDPRI_MASK) + pri;
1282 * Set the initial priority for a thread prior to it being scheduled for
1283 * the first time. The thread MUST NOT be scheduled before or during
1284 * this call. The thread may be assigned to a cpu other then the current
1287 * Typically used after a thread has been created with TDF_STOPPREQ,
1288 * and before the thread is initially scheduled.
1291 lwkt_setpri_initial(thread_t td, int pri)
1294 KKASSERT((td->td_flags & TDF_RUNQ) == 0);
1295 td->td_pri = (td->td_pri & ~TDPRI_MASK) + pri;
1299 lwkt_setpri_self(int pri)
1301 thread_t td = curthread;
1303 KKASSERT(pri >= 0 && pri <= TDPRI_MAX);
1305 if (td->td_flags & TDF_RUNQ) {
1307 td->td_pri = (td->td_pri & ~TDPRI_MASK) + pri;
1310 td->td_pri = (td->td_pri & ~TDPRI_MASK) + pri;
1316 * Migrate the current thread to the specified cpu.
1318 * This is accomplished by descheduling ourselves from the current cpu,
1319 * moving our thread to the tdallq of the target cpu, IPI messaging the
1320 * target cpu, and switching out. TDF_MIGRATING prevents scheduling
1321 * races while the thread is being migrated.
1323 * We must be sure to remove ourselves from the current cpu's tsleepq
1324 * before potentially moving to another queue. The thread can be on
1325 * a tsleepq due to a left-over tsleep_interlock().
1328 static void lwkt_setcpu_remote(void *arg);
1332 lwkt_setcpu_self(globaldata_t rgd)
1335 thread_t td = curthread;
1337 if (td->td_gd != rgd) {
1338 crit_enter_quick(td);
1339 if (td->td_flags & TDF_TSLEEPQ)
1341 td->td_flags |= TDF_MIGRATING;
1342 lwkt_deschedule_self(td);
1343 TAILQ_REMOVE(&td->td_gd->gd_tdallq, td, td_allq);
1344 lwkt_send_ipiq(rgd, (ipifunc1_t)lwkt_setcpu_remote, td);
1346 /* we are now on the target cpu */
1347 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&rgd->gd_tdallq, td, td_allq);
1348 crit_exit_quick(td);
1354 lwkt_migratecpu(int cpuid)
1359 rgd = globaldata_find(cpuid);
1360 lwkt_setcpu_self(rgd);
1365 * Remote IPI for cpu migration (called while in a critical section so we
1366 * do not have to enter another one). The thread has already been moved to
1367 * our cpu's allq, but we must wait for the thread to be completely switched
1368 * out on the originating cpu before we schedule it on ours or the stack
1369 * state may be corrupt. We clear TDF_MIGRATING after flushing the GD
1370 * change to main memory.
1372 * XXX The use of TDF_MIGRATING might not be sufficient to avoid races
1373 * against wakeups. It is best if this interface is used only when there
1374 * are no pending events that might try to schedule the thread.
1378 lwkt_setcpu_remote(void *arg)
1381 globaldata_t gd = mycpu;
1383 while (td->td_flags & (TDF_RUNNING|TDF_PREEMPT_LOCK)) {
1385 lwkt_process_ipiq();
1391 td->td_flags &= ~TDF_MIGRATING;
1392 KKASSERT(td->td_lwp == NULL || (td->td_lwp->lwp_flag & LWP_ONRUNQ) == 0);
1398 lwkt_preempted_proc(void)
1400 thread_t td = curthread;
1401 while (td->td_preempted)
1402 td = td->td_preempted;
1407 * Create a kernel process/thread/whatever. It shares it's address space
1408 * with proc0 - ie: kernel only.
1410 * NOTE! By default new threads are created with the MP lock held. A
1411 * thread which does not require the MP lock should release it by calling
1412 * rel_mplock() at the start of the new thread.
1415 lwkt_create(void (*func)(void *), void *arg,
1416 struct thread **tdp, thread_t template, int tdflags, int cpu,
1417 const char *fmt, ...)
1422 td = lwkt_alloc_thread(template, LWKT_THREAD_STACK, cpu,
1426 cpu_set_thread_handler(td, lwkt_exit, func, arg);
1429 * Set up arg0 for 'ps' etc
1431 __va_start(ap, fmt);
1432 kvsnprintf(td->td_comm, sizeof(td->td_comm), fmt, ap);
1436 * Schedule the thread to run
1438 if ((td->td_flags & TDF_STOPREQ) == 0)
1441 td->td_flags &= ~TDF_STOPREQ;
1446 * Destroy an LWKT thread. Warning! This function is not called when
1447 * a process exits, cpu_proc_exit() directly calls cpu_thread_exit() and
1448 * uses a different reaping mechanism.
1453 thread_t td = curthread;
1457 if (td->td_flags & TDF_VERBOSE)
1458 kprintf("kthread %p %s has exited\n", td, td->td_comm);
1462 * Get us into a critical section to interlock gd_freetd and loop
1463 * until we can get it freed.
1465 * We have to cache the current td in gd_freetd because objcache_put()ing
1466 * it would rip it out from under us while our thread is still active.
1469 crit_enter_quick(td);
1470 while ((std = gd->gd_freetd) != NULL) {
1471 gd->gd_freetd = NULL;
1472 objcache_put(thread_cache, std);
1476 * Remove thread resources from kernel lists and deschedule us for
1479 if (td->td_flags & TDF_TSLEEPQ)
1482 dsched_exit_thread(td);
1483 lwkt_deschedule_self(td);
1484 lwkt_remove_tdallq(td);
1485 if (td->td_flags & TDF_ALLOCATED_THREAD)
1491 lwkt_remove_tdallq(thread_t td)
1493 KKASSERT(td->td_gd == mycpu);
1494 TAILQ_REMOVE(&td->td_gd->gd_tdallq, td, td_allq);
1500 thread_t td = curthread;
1501 int lpri = td->td_pri;
1504 panic("td_pri is/would-go negative! %p %d", td, lpri);
1510 * Called from debugger/panic on cpus which have been stopped. We must still
1511 * process the IPIQ while stopped, even if we were stopped while in a critical
1514 * If we are dumping also try to process any pending interrupts. This may
1515 * or may not work depending on the state of the cpu at the point it was
1519 lwkt_smp_stopped(void)
1521 globaldata_t gd = mycpu;
1525 lwkt_process_ipiq();
1528 lwkt_process_ipiq();